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Increase the efficiency of English-Chinese sentence alignment: Target range restriction and empirical selection of stop words

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WSEAS Transactions on computers 2008年第2期7卷 57-64页

作者： Wong, Wing-Kwong Yang, Hsi-Hsun Shen, Wei-Lung Yin, Sheng-Kai Hsu, Sheng-Cheng Department of Electronic Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Yunlin Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Yunlin Taiwan Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Yunlin Taiwan Department of Media and Design Asia University Wufeng Taichung Taiwan

In this paper, we use a lexical method to do sentence alignment for an English-Chinese corpus. Past research slows that alignment using a dictionary involves a lot of word matching and dictionary look ups. To address these two issues, we first restrict the range of candidate target sentences, based on the location of the source sentence relative to the beginning of the text. Moreover, careful empirical selection of stop words, based on word frequencies in the source text, helps to reduce the number of dictionary look ups. Experimental results show that the amount of word matching can be cut down by 75% and that of dictionary look ups by as much as 43% without sacrificing precision and recall. Another experiment was also done with twenty New York Times articles with 598 sentences and 18395 words. The resulted precision is 95.6% and the recall is 93.8%. Among all predicted alignment, 86% of the alignment is 1:1 (one source sentence to one target sentence), 8% is 1:2, and 6% is 2:1. Further analysis shows that most errors occur in alignments of types 1:2 and 2:1. Future work should focus on problems with these two alignment types.

关键词： data processing

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Variant rate based cross layer time frame scheduling in wireless sensor networks

Variant rate based cross layer time frame scheduling in wire...

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7th Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS 2008

作者： Wei, Wei Qi, Yong Wang, Wei Li, Ruidong Shi, Yi Gu, Yu Chen, Andrew Institute of Computer Software and Theory School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Computer and Electronic Engineering Department University of Nebraska Lincoln United States Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology of China Department of Computer Science University of California Riverside United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418701

In this paper, a novel variable rate based time frame scheduling scheme is proposed to further reduce collisions and improve energy saving in wireless sensor networks. The MAC combines CSMA and TDMA functionalities, while obviating their shortcomings. After being assigned, slot 0 is preserved as the pre-schedule slot to inform neighbor nodes the schedule of the senders. During this pre-schedule slot, each node knows exactly the schedule of other neighbor nodes. Multi-rate and power scaling are adopted to achieve further energy saving by employing an acceptable rate rather than the maximum rate. data rate is dynamically adjusted according to the traffic load of sending nodes in an energy efficient data rate to save energy. Compared with Z-MAC, performance in the present study proves to have better ability of local framing pre-schedule and multi-rate achieves better energy efficiency. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Exploiting sink movement for energy-efficient load-balancing in wireless sensor networks

Exploiting sink movement for energy-efficient load-balancing...

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1st ACM International Workshop on Foundations of Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking and Computing 2008, FOWANC'08

作者： Shi, Gaotao Liao, Minghong Ma, Maode Shu, Yantai School of Computer Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581491

Prolonging the lifetime is an important design consideration for battery powered wireless sensor networks. In a network with stationary sink, the sensor nodes located near the sink have to relay data from the rest of the network and thus deplete their energy very quickly. A sink mobility strategy was proposed in [1], which manages the sink to move along the periphery of the network for load-balancing. In this paper, based on the work in [1], we study the relationship of the energy efficiency and load-balancing. A novel mobility scheme for sink has been proposed to achieve the energy efficient load-balancing. By this scheme, the sink is controlled to move along a circle trajectory in a stationary for data buffering. All sensed data are forwarded into the annularity area firstly and then collected by the mobile sink. We find the optimum trajectory of sink movement with consideration of energy consumption and load-balancing and present how to find the location for the buffering area. Compared with the static sink scheme and the existing mobile sink scheme, the proposed is the most energy-efficient and it can reduce the load by 95% and 70%, respectively. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Codon relation analysis for promoter recognition using indepent component analysis

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Journal of Information and Computational science 2008年第1期5卷 33-39页

作者： Liu, Yongmei Li, Xiaomeng Hong, Yan Zhang, Guoyin School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150000 China

Promoter recognition is important for the understanding of gene transcription mechanisms and gene functions. The motifs, short DNA slices as transcription factor binding sites, can help do an effective promoter recognition. In this paper, the dependent relations of codons are analyzed using Independent Component Analysis to extract more effective promoter features. Experiments exploit the data of human chromosome 22. The experiment results show that the deeper relations of motifs can effectively increase the sensitivity of promoter recognition.

关键词： Independent component analysis

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A hardware implementation of a run length encoding compression algorithm with parallel inputs

A hardware implementation of a run length encoding compressi...

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IET Irish Signals and Systems Conference, ISSC 2008

作者： Trein, J. Schwarzbacher, A.T. Hoppe, B. Noffz, K.-H. School of Electronic and Communications Engineering Dublin Institute of Technology Ireland Department of Electronics and Computer Science Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Germany Silicon Software GmbH Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780863419317

Run length encoding can be found in numerous applications such as data transfer or image storing (Sayood, 2002). It is a well known, easy and efficient compression method based on the assumption of long data sequences without the change of content. These sequences can be described by their position and length of appearance. Implementations using dedicated logic are optimised for parallel data processing. Here, images are transferred in blocks of multiple pixels in parallel. A compression of these streams into a run length code requires an encoder with a parallel input. This run length encoder has to compress the sequence at a minimum of clock cycles to avoid long inhibit intervals at the input. This paper describes a hardware algorithm performing a high performance run length encoding for binary images using a parallel input.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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A Design of data Fusion Software System for Laser Radar and FLIR

A Design of Data Fusion Software System for Laser Radar and ...

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International Workshop on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS)

作者： Ke Zhang Haitao Jia Wei Zhang Zhong Tian School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu China Research Institute of Electronic Science and Technology China

A design of data fusion software architecture for laser radar and FLIR was introduced in the paper; this architecture can achieve data fusion on decision-layer for control and guide with multi-sensors system of guided missile. This design realizes the practicability and reliability of system enough, and collects information by laser radar and FLIR, and achieve a new method of control and guide with multi-sensors, that includes target identification, navigation, orientation, and anti-jamming.

关键词： Laser radar Optical design Software systems Laser fusion Optical control Control systems Software architecture computer architecture Missiles Navigation

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Format-compliant entropy coding encryption algorithms for wireless video system

Format-compliant entropy coding encryption algorithms for wi...

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2008 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2008

作者： Li-Feng, Wang Jian, Ma Wen-Dong, Wang Kong-Qiao, Wang Chen, Xiao State Key Lab. of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute Beijing China Nokia Research Center Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Bei Hang University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421084

Wireless video security becomes an important challenge for commercial applications. Two efficient encryption algorithms for video system, Signed Integer Exponential-Golomb Coded (SE) Encryption Algorithm and Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) Encryption Algorithm are proposed during the process of the entropy coding. In order to maintain the format compliance, the signs of motion vector difference (MVD), delta quantity parameter (QP) in SE are confused, as well as the levels of nonzero transform coefficients in CAVLC are encrypted by stream cipher. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms that encrypt much less important data can achieve high security and low complexity, while still maintain compliance to the compression format. The proposed algorithms are especially suitable for wireless multimedia application. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

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Simple coding for achieving mean square stability over bit-rate limited channels

Simple coding for achieving mean square stability over bit-r...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Eduardo I. Silva Milan S. Derpich Jan Ostergaard Daniel E. Quevedo School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Newcastle NSW Australia Institute of Electronic Systems University of Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781424431236

The problem of characterizing lower bounds on data-rates needed for closed loop stability has been solved in a variety of settings. However, the available results lead to coding schemes which are very complex and, thus, of limited practical interest. In this paper, we show how simple coding systems comprising only LTI filters and memoryless entropy coded dithered scalar quantizers can be used to stabilize strongly stabilizable SISO LTI plant models over error-free bit-rate limited feedback channels. Despite the simplicity of the building blocks employed, we prove that the data-rates incurred do not exceed absolute lower bounds by more than 1.25 bits per sample.

关键词： Stability Filters Entropy Communication system control Control systems Networked control systems Communication channels Delay effects Feedback loop Sufficient conditions

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A reconfigurable FPGA implementation of an LDPC decoder for unstructured codes

A reconfigurable FPGA implementation of an LDPC decoder for ...

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International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems, SCS

作者： S. M. Ehsan Hosseini Kheong Sann Chan Wang Ling Goh School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Data Storage Institute (DSI) Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) Singapore

This paper describes the implementation of a general and embedded decoder for the evaluation of unstructured low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over additive-white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The decoder, which has a serial architecture and moderate throughput, is a peripheral connected to the embedded Power PC processor of a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA and is managed by the processor. This method of hardware/software implementation provides the maximum flexibility for the development and rapid prototyping of the hardware-based simulator system. The decoding algorithm proposed in this paper belongs to the class of min-sum with correction factor in which the correction factor updates with the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Parity check codes Decoding AWGN Gaussian noise computer architecture Throughput Energy management Power system management Hardware

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An investigation on evolutionary gradient search for multi-objective optimization

An investigation on evolutionary gradient search for multi-o...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： C. K. Goh Y. S. Ong K. C. Tan E. J. Teoh Agency for Science Technology and Research Data Storage Institute Singapore School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Evolutionary gradient search is a hybrid algorithm that exploits the complementary features of gradient search and evolutionary algorithm to achieve a level of efficiency and robustness that cannot be attained by either techniques alone. Unlike the conventional coupling of local search operators and evolutionary algorithm, this algorithm follows a trajectory based on the gradient information that is obtain via the evolutionary process. In this paper, we consider how gradient information can be obtained and used in the context of multi-objective optimization problems. The different types of gradient information are used to guide the evolutionary gradient search to solve multi-objective problems. Experimental studies are conducted to analyze and compare the effectiveness of various implementations.

关键词： Optimization Evolutionary computation Programming Algorithm design and analysis Trajectory Measurement electronic mail

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