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作者： Shang, Li Li, Kang Lok, Tat-Ming Lyu, Michael R. Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 1130 Hefei Anhui 230031 China Automation Department University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom Information Engineering Department Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Computer Science and Engineering Department Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong

This paper proposes a novel image denoising technique based on the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) density model using an extended non-negative sparse coding (NNSC) algorithm proposed by us. This algorithm can converge to feature basis vectors, which behave in the locality and orientation in spatial and frequency domain. Here, we demonstrate that the NIG density provides a very good fitness to the non-negative sparse data. In the denoising process, by exploiting a NIG-based maximum a posteriori estimator (MAP) of an image corrupted by additive Gaussian noise, the noise can be reduced successfully. This shrinkage technique, also referred to as the NNSC shrinkage technique, is self-adaptive to the statistical properties of image data. This denoising method is evaluated by values of the normalized signal to noise rate (SNR). Experimental results show that the NNSC shrinkage approach is indeed efficient and effective in denoising. Otherwise, we also compare the effectiveness of the NNSC shrinkage method with methods of standard sparse coding shrinkage, wavelet-based shrinkage and the Wiener filter. The simulation results show that our method outperforms the three kinds of denoising approaches mentioned above. © 2006 The institute of Measurement and Control.

关键词： Image processing

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Construction and algorithms of distributed web usage pattern mining

Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science a...

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Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of science and Technology Beijing 2006年第9期28卷 896-901页

作者： Zhang, Kejun Yang, Bingru Zhao, Geng Qu, Wenlong Li, Xin Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute Beijing 100070 China Information Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

A distributed Web log mining system model (DWLMS) is presented. Based on the analysis on the procedure and algorithm of Web frequent access pattern mining, the more general incremental updating algorithms of local frequent paths (LFP) and global frequent paths (GFP) in a distributed database system based on DWLMS are proposed for discovering the frequent access paths. Some troubles produced by real time incremental distributed Web access information and more communication data are solved better by the algorithms. The method was realized simply and tested with real world Web log information in laboratory, and the results show that the algorithms are valid.

关键词： data mining

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An Investigation to Design High Performance Multi-Pinhole Collimator

An Investigation to Design High Performance Multi-Pinhole Co...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Byung Jun Min Yong Choi Nam-Yong Lee Tae Yong Song Jin Ho Jung Key Jo Hong Young Bok Ahn Jinhun Joung Department of Nuclear Medicine Samsung Medical Center University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea School of Computer Aided Science Institute of Basic Sciences Inje University South Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Molecular Imaging Siemens Medical Solutions Inc. IL USA

The aim of this study is to design a detector module employing multi-pinhole collimator which could be utilized in various SPECT systems. Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) were performed to estimate the performance of various multi-pinhole collimators and compared to that of low energy high resolution (LEHR) parallel-hole collimator. The simulated detector module was designed to have 100 mm times 100 mm field of view. In order to determine the optimal number of pinholes, the number of pinholes having 2 mm pinhole diameter and 50 mm focal length was varied from 1 to 225. Perpendicular lead septa were employed to acquire non-overlapping projections and to improve reconstructed image quality. The proposed multi-pinhole detector module was evaluated by the reconstructed images of simulated phantoms. Planar sensitivity and resolution obtained using 81-pinhole collimator were 1.9 cps/muCi and 8.7 mm FWHM at 225 mm distance. 81-pinhole configuration demonstrated better resolution and comparable sensitivity compared to LEHR parallel-hole collimator (2.0 cps/muCi and 10.9 mm FWHM). Multi-pinhole detector module could provide the reconstructed images of 120 mm diameter phantoms without truncation while LEHR parallel-hole detector provided the truncated images. The designed multi-pinhole detector module which could be extended to cover large FOV allows to achieve high quality images even with reduced projection data.

关键词： Collimators Spatial resolution Detectors Image reconstruction Biomedical imaging Animals Tomography Imaging phantoms Nuclear medicine High-resolution imaging

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Exploiting Binary Abstractions in Deciphering Gene Interactions

Exploiting Binary Abstractions in Deciphering Gene Interacti...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Sungroh Yoon Abhishek Garg Eui-Young Chung Hyun Seok Park Woong Yang Park Giovanni De Micheli Computer Systems Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA USA Integrated Systems Center Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland Integrated Systems Center Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Macrogen Corporation Seoul Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Department of Biochemistry Seoul National University Medical School Seoul Korea

We consider computationally reconstructing gene regulatory networks on top of the binary abstraction of gene expression state information. Unlike previous Boolean network approaches, the proposed method does not handle noisy gene expression values directly. Instead, two-valued "hidden state" information is derived from gene expression profiles using a robust statistical technique, and a gene interaction network is inferred from this hidden state information. In particular, we exploit Espresso, a well-known 2-level Boolean logic optimizer in order to determine the core network structure. The resulting gene interaction networks can be viewed as dynamic Bayesian networks, which have key advantages over more conventional Bayesian networks in terms of biological phenomena that can be represented. The authors tested the proposed method with a time-course gene expression data set from microarray experiments on anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and paclitaxel. A gene interaction network was produced by our method, and the identified genes were validated with a public annotation database. The experimental studies we conducted suggest that the proposed method inspired by engineering systems can be a very effective tool to decipher complex gene interactions in living systems

关键词： Gene expression computer networks Boolean functions DNA Robustness Bayesian methods Bioinformatics Biomedical engineering Biology computing Signal processing

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An energy-harvesting wireless-interface SoC for short-range data communication

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on electronics, Information and Systems 2006年第5期126卷 565-570页

作者： Mikami, Shinji Matsuno, Tetsuro Miyama, Masayuki Kawaguchi, Hiroshi Yoshimoto, Masahiko Ono, Hiroaki Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Computer and Systems Department Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan Linear Circuit Corp. 2-10 Asahidai Nomi 923 1211 Japan Kanazawa University Japan Kobe University Japan Linear Circuit Corp. Japan Kanazawa University Iahikawa Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Kanazawa University Japan Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Japan Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering Kanazawa University Japan

This paper describes design and verification of a wireless-interface SoC (system-on-a-chip) for a wireless battery-less mouse with short-range data-communication capability. The SoC comprises an RF transmitter and microcontroller. The SoC, which is powered by an electric generator that exploits gyration energy by dragging the mouse, was fabricated using a TSMC 0.18-um CMOS process. The features of the SoC are the adoption of a simple FSK modulation scheme, single-end configuration on the RF transmitter, and specific microcontroller design for mouse operation. We verified that the RF transmitter can make data communication within a 1-m range at 2.17 mW, and the microcontroller consumes 0.03 mW at 1 MHz, which exhibits that the total power consumption is 2.2 mW. This is sufficiently low for the SoC to operate with energy harvesting.

关键词： data communication systems

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Accelerating footprint method based on comparability of consecutive image slices

Accelerating footprint method based on comparability of cons...

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International Conference on computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, CGIV

作者： Jianxun Zhang Jiawan Zhang Jizhou Sun School of Computer Science & Engineering Chongqing Institute of Technology China School of Electronic & Information Engineering Tianjin University TJU China

Volume rendering has been a key technology in the visualization of data sets from various disciplines. However, fast volume rendering of large-scale data sets is still a challenging field due to the vast memory, bandwidth and computational requirements. Two consecutive image slices of volume data usually have very high comparability. It is designed an accelerating footprint volume-rendering method based on comparability of consecutive image slices. When the contribution of the sampling point to screen pixels color value is computed, only the changed contribution of the next slice sampling point changed data value to screen pixels color value is computed. The influencing screen pixels color value is modified based on the changed contribution value. The experiment expresses that the new footprint volume-rendering method can obviously accelerate speed of volume rendering.

关键词： Acceleration Rendering (computer graphics) data visualization Image sampling Computed tomography data structures Casting computer graphics Head Engines

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Generalized 2D fisher discriminant analysis

Generalized 2D fisher discriminant analysis

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2005 16th British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2005

作者： Kong, Hui Teoh, Eam Khwang Wang, Jian-Gang Kambhamettu, Chandra School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Institute for Infocomm Research 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119613 Singapore Department of Computer and Information Science University of Delaware Newark DE 19716-2712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1901725294

To solve the Small Sample Size (SSS) problem, the recent linear discriminant analysis using the 2D matrix-based data representation model has demonstrated its superiority over that using the conventional vector-based data representation model in face recognition [7]. But the explicit reason why the matrix-based model is better than vectorized model has not been given until now. In this paper, a framework of Generalized 2D Fisher Discriminant Analysis (G2DFDA) is proposed. Three contributions are included in this framework: 1) the essence of these '2D' methods is analyzed and their relationships with conventional '1D' methods are given, 2) a Bilateral and 3) a Kernel-based 2D Fisher Discriminant Analysis methods are proposed. Extensive experiment results show its excellent performance.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Unsupervised speaker adaptation for phonetic transcription based voice dialing

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Second International Confernce on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, FSKD 2005

作者： Kim, Weon-Goo Jang, MinSeok Lee, Chin-Hui School of Electronic and Information Eng. Kunsan National Univ. Biometrics Engineering Research Center Kunsan Chonbuk 573-701 Korea Republic of Dept. of Computer Information Science Kunsan National Univ. Kunsan Chonbuk 573-701 Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Computer Eng. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540283317

Since the speaker independent phoneme HMM based voice dialing system uses only the phoneme transcription of the input sentence, the storage space could be reduced greatly. However, the performance of the system is worse than that of the speaker dependent system due to the phoneme recognition errors generated when the speaker independent models are used. In order to solve this problem, a new method that jointly estimates the transformation vectors (bias) and transcriptions for the speaker adaptation is presented. The biases and transcriptions are estimated iteratively from the training data of each user with maximum likelihood approach to the stochastic matching using speaker independent phoneme models. Experimental result shows that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method using transcriptions only. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Voice/data communication systems

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Iterative training techniques for phonetic template based speech recognition with a speaker-independent phonetic recognizer

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18th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence

作者： Kim, Weon-Goo Jang, Minseok Lee, Chin-Hui School of Electronic and Information Eng. Kunsan National Univ. Biometrics Engineering Research Center Kunsan Chonbuk 573-701 Korea Republic of Dept. of Computer Information Science Kunsan National Univ. Kunsan Chonbuk 573-701 Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Computer Eng. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540304622

This paper presents a new method that improves the performance of the speaker specific phonetic template based speech recognizer with the speaker-independent (SI) phoneme HMMs. Since the phonetic template based speech recognizer uses only the phoneme transcription of the input utterance, the performance of the system is worse than that of the speaker dependent system due to the mismatch between the training data and the SI models. In order to solve these problems, a new training method that iteratively estimates the phonetic templates and transformation vectors for the adaptation of the SI phoneme HMMs is presented. The phonetic class based and codebook-based stochastic matching methods are used to estimate the transformation vectors for speaker adaptation. Performance evaluation using the speaker dependent recognition experiments performed over actual telephone line showed a reduction of about 40% in the error rates when compare to the conventional speaker specific phonetic template based speech recognizer. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Speech recognition

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An ontology-supported data preprocessing technique for real-life databases

An ontology-supported data preprocessing technique for real-...

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18th International Conference on Industrial and engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems: Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence, IEA/AIE 2005

作者： Chu, Bong-Horng Liao, In-Kai Ho, Cheng-Seen Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Keelung Road Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Keelung Road Taipei 106 Taiwan Telecommunication Laboratories Chunghwa Telecom Co. Ltd. 11 Lane 74 Hsin-Yi Road Taipei 106 Taiwan Information School Chung Kuo Institute of Technology 56 Hsing-Lung Road Taipei 116 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)3540265511

In this paper we propose an ontology-supported technique to preprocess the remark fields in real-life customer servicing databases in order to discover useful information to help re-categorize misclassified service records owing to human ignorance or bad design of problem categorization. This process restores the database into one with more meaningful data in each record, which facilitates subsequent data analysis. Our experience in applying the technique to a real-life database shows a substantial quality improvement can be obtained in mining association rules from the database. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： data processing

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