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Anticipating the lifespan: Predicting the durability of an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell short stack over 50,000 h

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 606-613页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Khan Amjad Hussain Seung-Bok Lee Tak-Hyoung Lim Rak-Hyun Song Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Hydrogen Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

In the present study, the operational lifetime of a solid oxide fuel(SOFC) short stack is predicted by investigating the performance degradation of both the short stack and its cells throughout 1000 h at 800°C. The short stack and integral cell voltages are continuously measured during the long-term test, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) conducted every 200 h. The short stack voltage decreased rapidly for the initial 200–300 h and afterwards, it decreased at a slow rate due to the increase in the Ohmic and polarization resistances in the same manner. Scanning electron microscopy results show that there is no delamination or cracking among constituent layers of the short-stack cells. The single degradation effects of the Ni coarsening in the anode, cation migration and surface segregation in cathode and oxide scale growth in metallic interconnect mesh are successfully integrated into a comprehensive lifetime prediction model. The experimentally measured voltage degradation data of the short stack fits well with the developed mathematical model and allows the successful prediction of the lifetime up to 50,000 h.

关键词： SOFC Stack Degradation Impedance Lifetime

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Radiation belt electron wisp inside South Atlantic Anomaly due to terrestrial VLF transmitter observed by MSS-1

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 538-548页

作者： Yixin SUN Ying LIU Qiugang ZONG Yixin HAO Hong ZOU Yuguang YE Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Goettingen 37077Germany

The South Atlantic Anomaly represents a region within near-Earth space characterized by a significantly weaker geomagnetic field and a higher flux of energetic particles compared to other areas. It is a space weather hazards to Low-EarthOrbit satellites. There has been evidence that the Very Low Frequency(VLF) waves from the powerful ground VLF radio transmitter in Australia, known as NWC, have the capacity to scatter energetic electrons' pitch angle in the inner radiation *** scattering directs electrons into the drift loss cone, forms a “wisp”, characterized by its peak intensity outside the South Atlantic Anomaly(SAA), and a “rift” exhibiting minimal intensity within SAA. Our findings mark the initial observation of a“wisp” precipitation, an unusual occurrence with peak intensity detected inside the SAA, observed via the Macao Science Satellite-1. Enabled by the Medium-energy Electron Spectrometer onboard Macao Science Satellite-1, we were able to comprehensively measure the full pitch angle distribution at Low-Earth-Orbit. This allowed us to attribute the “wisp” within the anomaly to a specific pitch angle range just outside the drift loss cone, a measurement unattainable by previous satellites. This“wisp” occurrence aligns with previous model predictions, despite being overlooked. Moreover, we distinguished between the trapped and precipitating electron populations. Directly derived from the ratio of these populations, our analysis revealed that approximately 2%-5% of trapped electrons will be lost in this specific wisp due to the influence of the ground VLF *** results not only complement existing evidence of energetic electron pitch angle scattering facilitated by the ground VLF transmitter but also offer a quantitative estimation of its impact.

关键词： South Atlantic Anomaly Radiation belts Electrons precipitation VLF transmitter Wave-particle interaction

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Attractor for the Extensible Beam Equation with Nonlocal Weak Damping on Time–Dependent Space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第4期40卷 1115-1126页

作者： Chun Xiang ZHAO Feng Juan MENG Institute of Applied System Analysis Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013P.R.China School of Mathematics and Physics Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001P.R.China

In this article,we consider the long-time behavior of extensible beams with nonlocal weak damping:ε(t)u_(tt)+Δ^(2)u-m(‖▽u‖^(2))Δu+‖u_(t)‖^(p_(u_(t)))+f(u)=h,whereε(t)is a decreasing function vanishing at *** the theory of process on time-dependent spaces,we investigate the existence of the time-dependent attractor by using the Condition(C_(t))method and more detailed *** results obtained essentially improve and complete some previous works.

关键词： Time-dependent attractor extensible beams equation nonlocal weak damping

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Satellite Altimetry for Ocean and Coastal Applications: Promoting and Supporting Applications User Communities

Satellite Altimetry for Ocean and Coastal Applications: Prom...

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OCEANS 2024 - Halifax, OCEANS 2024

作者： Srinivasan, Margaret Tsontos, Vardis California Institute of Technology Applied Science System Engineering Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540081

A continuous global satellite radar altimetry data time series spanning 32 years has made significant advances in research and operational applications possible. The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite mission, launched in 1992, was intended to test technology and data systems to precisely measure height variations across the ocean-'ocean surface topography' (OST) -on a global scale from space. The mission performed so successfully that it was followed by the 'Jason-series' satellites;Jason 1, Jason 2, Jason 3, and the newest, Sentinel 6 Michael Freilich, with more satellites in the series in preparation. These U.S.-European collaborations have significantly enhanced understanding of ocean and coastal dynamics and have made large-scale reservoir and lake observations since 1992. The 2022 launch of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission has further advanced knowledge of ocean dynamics and extends observations to high-resolution land surface water observations. OST data have been crucial in monitoring global sea level rise, understanding ocean circulation and heat content, and supporting coastal impact assessments and climate modeling. Beyond research, OST observations benefit operational oceanographic and water resource organizations and weather forecasting agencies worldwide. They inform shipping, fishery and marine operations, and decision-making and disaster management in coastal zones. The continuous OST record aids in analyzing trends, tracking sea-level rise, assessing ocean health, and supporting climate change mitigation strategies. Partnerships between NASA, the French space agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), NOAA, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Space Agency (ESA), and the European meteorological and EUMETSAT have been instrumental in developing an essential climate data record, providing substantial value to both research and operational communities. This talk, summarizing findings

关键词： NASA

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Highly dense and ultrathin gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer for enhanced performance of large-area anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第5期33卷 733-741页

作者： Sang Woo Shin Amjad Hussain Muhammad Zubair Khan Dong Woo Joh Tak-Hyung Lim Seung-Bok Lee Jong-Eun Hong Joon Hyung Shim Rak-Hyun Song Hydrogen Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea University Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST) Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology

The fabrication of a highly dense and ultrathin Gd doped ceria(GDC) interlayer on a large-area, porous electrolyte-coated planar anode support using vacuum slurry coating is studied for application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). The electrolyte-coated planar anode support body is fabricated by tape casting and pre-sintering is performed at 1100, 1150, and 1200°C. The GDC interlayer is coated onto the pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support using a vacuum slurry coating process with different immersion times(30–60 s). A highly dense and ultrathin GDC interlayer with a thickness of 1.48 μm is produced after co-sintering at 1400°C. The 1200°C pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support showed a thin and highly dense GDC interlayer which is attributed to a lower shrinkage difference between the coated GDC interlayer and pre-sintered body. The electrochemical performance of a vacuum slurry-coated GDC interlayer cell is 38 % higher compared to that of the screen-printed GDC-coated cell at 700°C due to the greatly reduced Ohmic and electrode polarization resistances. The considerable improvement in the performance is attributed to the ultrahigh GDC density which has prevented the secondary phase formation between the cathode and electrolyte. This study presents the economical, scalable, and reproducible process for the fabrication of highly robust GDC interlayer for the large-area planar anode-supported SOFCs.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell Vacuum slurry coating GDC interlayer Sintering Performance

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Designing a Control Library for Grid-following and Grid-forming Power Converters

Designing a Control Library for Grid-following and Grid-form...

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2024 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, PCIM Europe 2024

作者： Lindner, Lars Klee, Matthias Stracke, Daniel Steffen, Jonas Seibel, Axel Jung, Marco Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Germany Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762620

As a result of the energy transition, more and more power converters will be required in the future, which will lead to distributed energy generation across all voltage levels. Amongst others, these power converters take on tasks, such forming a grid or being capable of black starting. In order to be able to answer new research tasks, rapid control prototyping (RCP) systems are required, which must be flexibly programmable and configurable as laboratory devices. The RCP system offers great potential for fast and targeted laboratory validation of control algorithms and supports this with a user-friendly development platform for algorithm development. In order to simplify the programming of these RCP systems for the user, a software library is needed, which combines common building blocks for grid-following and grid-forming control algorithms. This software library enables the rapid development of new control algorithms for power converters, providing the user with tools for modeling, simulation and deployment of these control algorithms on a RCP system. This paper presents the development and verification of this software library, introduces the RICOSO system and presents aspects of the soft- and firmware design. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach.

关键词： Firmware

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Theoretical Comparison of Component-Related Measurement Methods of Photovoltaic Inverters for Long-Term Testing

Theoretical Comparison of Component-Related Measurement Meth...

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2024 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, PCIM Europe 2024

作者： Reitz, Niclas Sprunck, Sebastian Brandl, Ron Jung, Marco Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Germany Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762620

This paper presents a theoretical evaluation of different methods to measure relevant component parameters of photovoltaic (PV) inverters for the purpose of creating a digital twin. The main objective is to measure relevant data about component degradation during long-term testing without changing or influencing the inverter behavior. The paper provides a brief overview of different measurement opportunities and degradation indicators as well as a suggestion for the planned test bench. Chosen options and their implementation for long-term testing of the un-modified PV inverter out of several are described. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach.

关键词： Photovoltaics

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Compensation Techniques for Bandwidth-Distorted Measurements of Fast Transients in Double Pulse Tests

Compensation Techniques for Bandwidth-Distorted Measurements...

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2024 International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, PCIM Europe 2024

作者： Lottis, Christian Sprunck, Sebastian Sah, Bikash Jung, Marco Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762620

While assessing the losses in Wide-Bandgap (WBG) devices in a Double-Pulse-Test (DPT), stringent requirements for high-fidelity probes have to be applied. The limited bandwidth of a probe has a significant influence on the measurement results due to its inherent delay and distortion effects that originate from its parasitic or discrete filter components. This paper proposes a technique to compensate for these influences by post-processing measured data based on the characteristics of the used probes. Instead of using a complex inverse transfer function of the probe, an average error compensation is developed and discussed for use in a DPT and validated based on circuit simulation. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach.

关键词： Probes

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Comparison and Selection of Topology for Three Phase PV Inverters based on Power GaN Devices

Comparison and Selection of Topology for Three Phase PV Inve...

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2024 Energy Conversion Congress and Expo Europe, ECCE Europe 2024

作者： Lottis, Christian Sah, Bikash Sprunck, Sebastian Jung, Marco Deck, Patrick Dick, Christian Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology Iee Germany Th Köln - University of Applied Sciences Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364446

Enhancement-mode Gallium nitride (GaN) power semiconductor devices have recently been explored for various applications, considering their superior performance compared to conventional Si-based devices. However, when compared to Si and Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices, GaN is limited to the current carrying capability and the limited drain to source voltage (650 V). This paper presents a methodology to perform the power converter topology selection for use in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters using GaN power semiconductors at a much higher power class (> 100 kVA) and switching frequency (> 100 kHz), which has not yet been explored in literature. The selection of topology is performed based on a novel methodology that considers both technical and economic parameters. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for a PV inverter rated at 150 kVA, with a dc link input voltage of 1000 V, operating at 140 kHz switching frequency. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Approach for Investigating Demand Profile Compatibility for Possible Co-Localisation of High Electricity Demand Customers

Approach for Investigating Demand Profile Compatibility for ...

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2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe Conference, ISGT EUROPE 2024

作者： Myhre, Stine Fleischer Farbrot, Jan Erik Randem, Hans Olav Bodal, Terje Institute for Energy Technology Dep. Energy System Analysis Kjeller Norway Institute for Energy Technology Dep. Human Centred Digitalisation Kjeller Norway Institute for Energy Technology Dep. Applied Data Science Kjeller Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9789531842976

The green shift has resulted in a growing volume of electricity connection requests for power grid operators in Norway. The grid is however in most areas congested, and investments are needed. This paper utilises data-driven approaches to investigate the feasibility of co-localising high electricity demand customers in grid connection request queues to reduce grid investments in congested grids for a distribution grid operator in Norway. This is performed by matching clusters of real electricity demand profiles to investigate the compatibility between the different customer groups. The results show promising opportunities for co-localising different customer groups. Especially the demand profile for charging stations is compatible with the demand profiles of other sectors. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Demand response

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