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IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)

作者： Aneeqa Mumrez Muhammad M. Roomi Heng Chuan Tan Daisuke Mashima Ghada Elbez Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics KASTEL Security Research Labs Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Illinois Advanced Research Center at Singapore (IARCS)

The increasing use of information and communication technologies has led to increasing threats on critical infrastructure like smart grids. Owing to confidentiality issues and difficulties in experimenting cyberattacks on a real environment, testbeds reflecting the characteristics of smart grids have been developed to enable attack experiments and cybersecurity research. In fact, different implementations of smart grid testbeds exist, each with its own challenges and limitations. The comparative study we present here justifies the usability of each type of testbed for different experiments. We begin our study with a selection of state-of-the-art smart grid testbeds, which can be classified into physical, hybrid, and virtual. We then present an evaluation based upon several qualitative metrics and MITRE ATT&CK matrix to demonstrate the coverage of all tactics and techniques to guide about the selection of testbed according to security needs. Finally, we explain applicable tactics and techniques for one of the testbeds through an attack case study to highlight current cybersecurity challenges faced by smart grids.

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Input and state constrained inverse optimal control with application to power networks

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 5451-5456页

作者： Taouba Kaouther Jouini Zhiyong Sun Venkatraman Renganathan Veit Hagenmeyer Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Automatic Control LTH Lund University Sweden

We study input and state constrained inverse optimal control problems starting from a stabilizing controller with a control Lyapunov function, where the goal is to make the controller an explicit solution of the resulting constrained optimal control problem. For an appropriate cost design and initial states for which a sublevel set of the Lyapunov function is contained in the state constraint set and the initial input lies on an ellipsoid inside the input constraint set, we show that the stabilizing controller solves the constrained optimal control problem. Compared to the state-of-the-art, we avoid solving nonlinear optimization problems evaluated pointwise, i.e., for every state, or in a repetitive fashion, i.e., at each time step. We apply our theoretical results to study the angular droop control studied in (Jouini et al., 2022) of an inverter-based power network. For this, we accommodate the constraints on the angle and power generation and exemplify our approach through a two-inverter case study.

关键词： Optimal Control Non-Linear Control Systems Networked Systems Power and Energy Systems

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AUTOPV: AUTOMATED PHOTOVOLTAIC FORECASTS WITH LIMITED INFORMATION USING AN ENSEMBLE OF PRE-TRAINED MODELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Meisenbacher, Stefan Heidrich, Benedikt Martin, Tim Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Accurate PhotoVoltaic (PV) power generation forecasting is vital for the efficient operation of Smart Grids. The automated design of such accurate forecasting models for individual PV plants includes two challenges: First, information about the PV mounting configuration (i.e. inclination and azimuth angles) is often missing. Second, for new PV plants, the amount of historical data available to train a forecasting model is limited (cold-start problem). We address these two challenges by proposing a new method for day-ahead PV power generation forecasts. The proposed AutoPV method is a weighted ensemble of forecasting models that represent different PV mounting configurations. This representation is achieved by pre-training each forecasting model on a separate PV plant and by scaling the model’s output with the peak power rating of the corresponding PV plant. To tackle the cold-start problem, we initially weight each forecasting model in the ensemble equally. To tackle the problem of missing information about the PV mounting configuration, we use new data that become available during operation to adapt the ensemble weights to minimize the forecasting error. The proposed AutoPV method is advantageous as the unknown PV mounting configuration is implicitly reflected in the ensemble weights, and only the PV plant’s peak power rating is required to re-scale the ensemble’s output. The ensemble approach also allows to represent PV plants with panels distributed on different roofs with varying alignments, as these mounting configurations can be reflected proportionally in the weighting. Additionally, the required computing memory is decoupled when scaling AutoPV to several hundreds of PV plants, which is beneficial in Smart Grid environments with limited computing capabilities. For a real-world data set with 11 PV plants, the accuracy of AutoPV is comparable to an individual model trained on two years of data and outperforms an incrementally trained individual model. © 2022,

关键词： Forecasting

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A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Incorporate Distributed Generators in AC Optimal Power Flow

A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Inco...

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IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Burak Dindar Can Berk Saner Dogukan Yigit Polat Hüseyin Kemâl Çakmak Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350390421

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390438

In order to achieve the goal of a carbon-neutral power system, significant changes to the power grid are underway, necessitating enhanced interoperability between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) for effective grid operation, particularly in light of the growing number of distributed generators (DGs). Data privacy concerns, however, complicate decision-making processes, particularly when integrating DGs into system-wide dispatch decisions. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning (ML)-based method to incorporate DGs located within the distribution system (DS) into dispatch decisions, adhering to data privacy by mitigating the exchange of sensitive data, such as system topology and demand profiles, between TSOs and DSOs. The methodology involves training three ML models to represent the behavior of the DS, thereby replacing the standard power flow model that contains sensitive information. Notably, we utilize a novel tailored neural network (NN) architecture to enhance computational efficiency in mapping the feasible region of the DS. Additionally, we employ open-source data to construct the Baden-Wü rttemberg (Germany) electricity grid, allowing to test our method not only on standard systems but also on a model that more accurately represents real-world power systems. The numerical case studies verify that the proposed method achieves results comparable to standard AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) in both cost-optimality and computational time.

关键词： Data privacy Computational modeling Europe Machine learning Computer architecture Generators Data models Standards Interoperability Load flow

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Line Management in the Energy Packet Grid 24

Line Management in the Energy Packet Grid

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Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems

作者： Marcel Weßbecher Friedrich Wiegel Sophie Xing An Klemens Schneider Dominik Schulz Martina Zitterbart Marc Hiller Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany Institute of Telematics (TM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany Institute of Electrical Engineering (ETI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704802

This article introduces the innovative concept of Line Management (LM) in Energy Packet Grids (EP grids), an approach that aims to address the challenges posed by the increasing deployment of renewable energy technologies in the power grid driven by power electronics. The traditional power grid, originally designed with a top-down architecture, faces new complexities due to the distributed, bottom-up, and intermittent nature of renewable energy generation. The article explores the concept of the Energy Packet Grid, which segments the power grid into EP cells and manages power flows in discrete packets. Central to this system is the Line Manager, a software component critical to managing the transport capacity of transmission lines by orchestrating the transfer of energy packets. The paper outlines the architecture and functional aspects of the Line Manager, emphasizing its role in ensuring a stable operation of future power grids. It also discusses various methodologies for grid state calculations, including current, power, and mixed-mode transfers. The effectiveness of different calculation methods is evaluated, highlighting the importance of accurate and timely decision-making in grid management. Overall, the results contribute to ongoing research in congestion management and present a detailed description of the Line Manager concept and implementation in the context of EP grids.

关键词： Congestion Management Energy Internet Energy Packet Grid Grid State Calculation Line Management

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AUTOMATED GENERATION OF LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION GRID MODELS BASED ON OPEN DATA AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE USING AN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Janecke, Luc Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany

The increasing share of renewable energy sources on distribution grid level as well as the emerging active role of prosumers lead to both higher distribution grid utilization, and at the same time greater unpredictability of energy generation and consumption. This poses major problems for grid operators in view of, e.g., voltage stability and line (over)loading. Thus, detailed and comprehensive simulation models are essential for planning future distribution grid expansion in view of the expected strong electrification of society. In this context, the contribution of the present paper is a new, more refined method for automated creation of large-scale detailed distribution grid models based solely on publicly available GIS and statistical data. Utilizing the street layouts in Open Street Maps as potential cable routes, a graph representation is created and complemented by residential units that are extracted from the same data source. This graph structure is adjusted to match electrical low-voltage grid topology by solving a variation of the minimum cost flow linear optimization problem with provided data on secondary substations. In a final step, the generated grid representation is transferred to a DIgSILENT PowerFactory model with photovoltaic systems. The presented workflow uses open source software and is fully automated and scalable that allows the generation of ready-to-use distribution grid simulation models for given 20 kV substation locations and additional data on residential unit properties for improved results. The performance of the developed method with respect to grid utilization is presented for a selected suburban residential area with power flow simulations for eight scenarios including current residential PV installation and a future scenario with full PV expansion. Furthermore, the suitability of the generated models for quasi-dynamic simulations is shown. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric load flow

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The analysis of surface roughness of the samples produced by 3D printing 31

The analysis of surface roughness of the samples produced by...

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31st Joint Seminar on the Development of Materials Science in Research and Education, DMSRE 2022

作者： Oravcová, J. Labašová, E. Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Ulica Jána Bottu 2781/25 Trnava917 24 Slovakia

This paper deals with measurement and analysis of surface roughness of samples produced by 3D printing, Gembird white and Verbatim white. Process parameters such as print speed, print layer thickness, and print material changed when the samples were printed. The surface roughness of the samples was measured using the TR200 roughness meter. The paper analyzes the roughness parameter Ra, which represents the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Surface roughness

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A Spatial Decomposition Method for Solving the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem

A Spatial Decomposition Method for Solving the Security-Cons...

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IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference (IHTC)

作者： Arjun Kumar Madhusoodhanan Marco Giuntoli Susanne Schmitt Iiro Harjunkoski Jan Poland Thomas Leibfried Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Electrical Energy Systems and High Voltage Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Hitachi Energy Research Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350354645

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354652

Today, we are experiencing exponential growth in distributed energy sources and storage systems, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which participate in the day-ahead energy market. Moreover, the need for energy market coupling to ensure social welfare maximization and grid security makes the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problem more challenging due to the increasing problem size. This work proposes a novel approach for solving the SCUC problem in a distributed manner by decomposing the grid into multiple areas connected by tie-lines. The solution leverages the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the problem efficiently. The proposed Spatially Decomposed SCUC method significantly reduces the computational burden arising from the combinatorial nature of the problem. The speed-up and optimality of the proposed method is validated on the IEEE 118-bus and RTE 6468-bus systems.

关键词： Couplings Battery energy storage system Convex functions Security

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Influence of geometric parameters and material properties of the reinforcing core on the modal properties of vibrating beam structures 31

Influence of geometric parameters and material properties of...

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31st Joint Seminar on the Development of Materials Science in Research and Education, DMSRE 2022

作者： Rolník, L. Bucha, P. Lovíšková, J. Naď, M. Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Jána Bottu 25 Trnava917 24 Slovakia Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Informatics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava845 07 45 Slovakia

The beam structures are considered as fundamental structural elements that are widely used in mechanical and building structures. One of the important tasks in the structural design of beam structures should be the ability to prevent or reduce the level of unwanted vibrations. It is obvious that the dynamic properties of beam structures depend on their shape structure, i.e. from their geometric parameters and material properties. Usually, the beam structures have constant cross-section and made of homogeneous material. However, these structures in many cases do not have the required dynamic properties. The design and analysis of the beam structures that will allow its spatial properties (mass and stiffness) to be redistributed using the sliding core inserted into the beam structure is investigated in this paper. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Structural properties

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Implementation of Digital Shadow Concept in the Field of Industrial automation

Implementation of Digital Shadow Concept in the Field of Ind...

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Computer Science (COMSCI), International Scientific Conference on

作者： Radovan Peter Martin Juhás Bohuslava Juhásová Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Trnava Slovakia

We are currently witnessing a gradual increase in interest in digital shadow and digital twin solutions in the field of industrial automation. These solutions require advanced approaches in the process of their creation and are gradually becoming an integral part of industrial automation. This paper focuses on the creation of a digital shadow of a physical robotic cell and progressively goes through all the phases from the analysis of communication problems through the design of possible solutions to the actual implementation of one of the proposed solutions. The connection between the virtual robotic cell and the industrial camera is based on the processing of the data sent by the camera located above the physical robotic cell. This data is processed by a program in the PLC and then transferred to the virtual environment of the digital shadow by communication between the two OPC servers. This paper provides a more detailed overview of one possible technique for connecting the virtual environment with the physical robotic cell.

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