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2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial informatics, INDIN

作者： Zoitl, Alois Grabmair, Gunnar Auinger, Franz Sünder, Christoph Automation Control Institute Vienna University of Technology Austria Depart. for Industrial Informatics FH Upper Austria - University of Applied Sciences Wels Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0780390946

New fast moving markets demand flexible, adaptable production facilities to allow manufacturing companies a fast reaction on consumer needs. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems provide a solution for these problems. Currently used software architectures have not been designed for providing an infrastructure for such manufacturing systems. With the new standard IEC 61499 the International Electrotechnical Commission provides an architecture for flexible distributed control systems. But it leaves open points regarding real-time execution and reconfiguration in real-time. This work focuses on real-time execution of IEC 61499 applications. It describes all execution elements of IEC 61499 within a device. Different implementation and scheduling approaches are compared and discussed. A first real-time scheduling approach for IEC 61499 control applications allows executing applications with periodic real-time constraints in parallel to unconstrained applications. It serves as a base for an enhanced full featured IEC 61499 real-time execution support © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Distributed parameter control systems

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Automatic recognition fingerspelling gestures in multiple languages for a communication interface for the disabled

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Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2012年第4期22卷 527-536页

作者： Kindiroglu, A. Alp Yalcin, H. Aran, O. Hrúz, M. Campr, P. Akarun, L. Karpov, A. Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Idiap Research Institute Martigny Switzerland Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Cybernetics University of West Bohemia Pilsen Czech Republic St.-Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences St.-Petersburg Russia

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a multi-lingual fingerspelling recognition module that is designed for an information terminal. Through the use of multimodal input and output methods, the information terminal acts as a communication medium between deaf and blind people. The system converts fingerspelled words to speech and vice versa using fingerspelling recognition, fingerspelling synthesis, speech recognition and speech synthesis in Czech, Russian, and Turkish languages. We describe an adaptive skin color based fingersign recognition system with a close to real-time performance and present recognition results on 88 different letters signed by five different signers, using above four hours of training and test videos. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： Speech synthesis

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New feature based on influence lines for anomaly detection in bridge monitoring 12th

New feature based on influence lines for anomaly detection i...

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12th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2024

作者： Döring, A. Vogelbacher, M. Schneider, O. Müller, J. Hinz, S. Matthes, J. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Büro für Strukturmechanik Coburg Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781032770406

Bridge monitoring using displacement, strain, acceleration or rotation measurements during normal operation can be a good supplement to conventional manual bridge inspections. In order to detect damage from the measured signal, features must be extracted from the signal that are primarily damage-sensitive. In recent years, features based on the influence lines have been increasingly investigated. The influence line represents the simplified signal that can be measured with a sensor at a fixed position when a single vehicle crosses the bridge. In this paper, we present the new feature normalised integrated influence lines (niil). We show that niil is sensitive to damage, independent of vehicle geometry, velocity, sampling rate, deviation from ideal lane and robust against noise using the analytical bending beam and strain data from a real bridge that has been successively damaged. niil can be calculated based on the curvature, rotation or displacement influence lines. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Ratio-based features for bridge damage detection based on displacement influence line and curvature influence line 11th

Ratio-based features for bridge damage detection based on di...

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11th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2022

ISBN: (纸本)9781032345314

Bridges are getting older and older in Germany. This leads to a high demand of maintenance in the future. Stuctural health monitoring can be a helpful tool for bridge assessment in identifying bridge damage in the early stages. Our goal is a system that is non-invasive, mobile and can be retrofitted on existing bridges under ongoing operation of traffic. The conventional methods of bridge assessment and monitoring use strain measurements and acceleration sensors and are based on modal properties-such as natural frequencies, modal damping and displacement modes or curvature/strain modes-which are prone to environmental changes such as temperature and vehicles. Recent papers introduce features based on the curvature influence line. Some of the introduced features are based on ratios and single vehicle crosses. The advantage of ratio-based features is the reduction of the unknown load. The results show promising results for strain based signals. The question now arises how well the ratio-based features for strain signals can be transferred to the displacement signals measured by an interferometric radar. The advantage of using radar over strain sensors is that the radar is non-invasive and mobile. We compare here the performance of ratio-based features using the displacement influence line with the same features using the curvature/strain influence line for damage detection. In addition to the ratio-based features, we investigate for the comparison other features like peak position and maximum value. We assess the performance of the features with supervised machine learning with various combinations of damage position and damage severity. The considerations are made with an analytical stepped continuous Euler-Bernoulli beam. © 2022 the Author(s).

关键词： Damage detection

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A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Incorporate Distributed Generators in AC Optimal Power Flow

A Machine Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Approach to Inco...

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2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe Conference, ISGT EUROPE 2024

作者： Dindar, Burak Saner, Can Berk Polat, Dogukan Yigit Çakmak, Huseyin Kemâl Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore National University of Singapore School of Computing Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9789531842976

In order to achieve the goal of a carbon-neutral power system, significant changes to the power grid are underway, necessitating enhanced interoperability between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) for effective grid operation, particularly in light of the growing number of distributed generators (DGs). Data privacy concerns, however, complicate decision-making processes, particularly when integrating DGs into system-wide dispatch decisions. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning (ML)-based method to incorporate DGs located within the distribution system (DS) into dispatch decisions, adhering to data privacy by mitigating the exchange of sensitive data, such as system topology and demand profiles, between TSOs and DSOs. The methodology involves training three ML models to represent the behavior of the DS, thereby replacing the standard power flow model that contains sensitive information. Notably, we utilize a novel tailored neural network (NN) architecture to enhance computational efficiency in mapping the feasible region of the DS. Additionally, we employ open-source data to construct the Baden-Wü rttemberg (Germany) electricity grid, allowing to test our method not only on standard systems but also on a model that more accurately represents real-world power systems. The numerical case studies verify that the proposed method achieves results comparable to standard AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) in both cost-optimality and computational time. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Sebastian Beichter Maximilian Beichter Dorina Werling Johannes Galenzowski Victor Weise Christoph Hildenbrand Friedrich Wiegel Ralf Mikut Simon Waczowicz Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

With the integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and batteries at the low-voltage distribution grid level, residential buildings are increasingly evolving from consumers to prosumers. As the prosumers burden the distribution grid with their uncertain interactions, the need for solutions to counteract this uncertainty becomes more important. One such solution is schedule-based control strategies, such as the dispatchable feeder. Thereby, the dispatchable feeder uses intelligent managed flexible components such as battery energy storage system (BESS) and controllable loads to follow a committed schedule. While the concept of the dispatchable feeder is widely discussed in the literature, the practical challenges associated with its real-world implementation remain under-explored. Therefore, this paper identifies challenges associated with the real-world implementation of the dispatchable feeder in residential buildings. Further, it discusses important future research questions regarding the concept and its valuable integration into the real world. It also proposes an experimental research infrastructure for systematically investigating the raised questions using the real-world laboratory of the Energy Lab 2.0.

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Transformer Training Strategies for Forecasting Multiple Load Time Series

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hertel, Matthias Beichter, Maximilian Heidrich, Benedikt Neumann, Oliver Schäfer, Benjamin Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

In the smart grid of the future, accurate load forecasts on the level of individual clients can help to balance supply and demand locally and to prevent grid outages. While the number of monitored clients will increase with the ongoing smart meter rollout, the amount of data per client will always be limited. We evaluate whether a Transformer load forecasting model benefits from a transfer learning strategy, where a global univariate model is trained on the load time series from multiple clients. In experiments with two datasets containing load time series from several hundred clients, we find that the global training strategy is superior to the multivariate and local training strategies used in related work. On average, the global training strategy results in 21.8% and 12.8% lower forecasting errors than the two other strategies, measured across forecasting horizons from one day to one month into the future. A comparison to linear models, multi-layer perceptrons and LSTMs shows that Transformers are effective for load forecasting when they are trained with the global training strategy. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Distributed power flow and distributed optimization – Formulation, solution, and open source implementation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Mühlpfordt, Tillmann Dai, Xinliang Engelmann, Alexander Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

Solving the power flow problem in a distributed fashion empowers different grid operators to compute the overall grid state without having to share grid models—this is a practical problem to which industry does not have off-the-shelf answers. In cooperation with a German transmission system operator we propose two physically consistent problem formulations (feasibility, least-squares) amenable to two solution methods from distributed optimization (the Alternating direction method of multipliers (admm), and the Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (aladin));with aladin there come convergence guarantees for the distributed power flow problem. In addition, we provide open source matlab code for rapid prototyping for distributed power flow (rapidpf), a fully matpower-compatible software that facilitates the laborious task of formulating power flow problems as distributed optimization problems;the code is available under https://github. com/KIT-IAI/rapidPF/. The approach to solving distributed power flow problems that we present is flexible, modular, consistent, and reproducible. Simulation results for systems ranging from 53 buses (with 3 regions) up to 4662 buses (with 5 regions) show that the least-squares formulation solved with aladin requires just about half a dozen coordinating steps before the power flow problem is solved. © 2020, CC-BY.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Modeling Curtailment in Germany: How Spatial Resolution Impacts Line Congestion

Modeling Curtailment in Germany: How Spatial Resolution Impa...

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International Conference on European Electricity Market, EEM

作者： Martha Frysztacki Tom Brown Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728169194

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169200

This paper investigates the effects of network constraints in energy system models at transmission level on renewable energy generation and curtailment as the network is being spatially aggregated. We seek to reproduce historically measured curtailment in Germany for the years 2013-2018 using an open model of the transmission system, PyPSA-Eur. Our simulations include spatial and temporal considerations, including congestion per line as well as curtailment per control zone and *** indicate that curtailment at high network resolution is significantly overestimated due to inaccurate allocation of electricity demand and renewable capacities to overloaded sites. However, high congestion rates of the transmission network decrease as the network is clustered to a smaller number of nodes, thus reducing curtailment. A measure to capture errors in the assignment of electricity demand and power plants is defined and hints towards a preferable spatial resolution. Thus, we are able to balance the effects of accurate node assignment and network congestion revealing that a reduced model can capture curtailment from recent historical data. This shows that it is possible to reduce the network to improve computation times and capture the most important effects of network constraints on variable renewable energy feed-in at the same time.

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A fuzzy logic approach for economic energy-efficient heat pump operation in thermal building control

A fuzzy logic approach for economic energy-efficient heat pu...

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IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Jovana Kovačević Anne-Christin Süß Hüseyin K. Çakmak Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350390421

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390438

Advanced thermal control has great potential to decrease energy consumption in buildings. Thereby, encountering the balance between thermal comfort, and electricity load reduction is a challenge. For this, advanced control systems need to be developed that can respond to external signals such as electricity prices and are robust to different types of buildings to be widely utilized. In this paper, we propose and investigate two fuzzy control systems, an economic-energy-efficient controller and a comfort controller. The comfort controller focuses on thermal comfort, whereas the economic-energy-efficient controller is attentive to electricity prices and the energy efficiency of the heat pump. For the simulation, we use a reduced-order building model identified by measurements of a real-world building. Furthermore, we compare the proposed controllers with a hysteresis controller as a lower benchmark control strategy. Simulation results reveal that an economic-energy-efficient controller can reduce electricity consumption by 14.92% and costs by 18.41 % when compared to a benchmark controller and with mean thermal discomfort of 0.216 °C over an evaluation period of two months. The comfort controller has slightly smaller costs and electricity consumption than the hysteresis one, but less zone temperature fluctuations, enhancing the quality of controlled zone temperature and occupants’ comfort.

关键词： Energy consumption Costs Heat pumps Electricity Buildings Predictive models Energy efficiency Temperature control Hysteresis Resistance heating

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