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Evaluation of semi-supervised learning using sparse labeling to segment cell nuclei

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2020年第3期6卷

作者： Bruch, Roman Rudolf, Rüdiger Mikut, Ralf Reischl, Markus Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

The analysis of microscopic images from cell cultures plays an important role in the development of drugs. The segmentation of such images is a basic step to extract the viable information on which further evaluation steps are build. Classical image processing pipelines often fail under heterogeneous conditions. In the recent years deep neuronal networks gained attention due to their great potentials in image segmentation. One main pitfall of deep learning is often seen in the amount of labeled data required for training such models. Especially for 3D images the process to generate such data is tedious and time consuming and thus seen as a possible reason for the lack of establishment of deep learning models for 3D data. Efforts have been made to minimize the time needed to create labeled training data or to reduce the amount of labels needed for training. In this paper we present a new semisupervised training method for image segmentation of microscopic cell recordings based on an iterative approach utilizing unlabeled data during training. This method helps to further reduce the amount of labels required to effectively train deep learning models for image segmentation. By labeling less than one percent of the training data, a performance of 90% compared to a full annotation with 342 nuclei can be achieved. © 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston 2020.

关键词： Deep learning

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Distributed Optimal Power Flow for VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Grids Using ALADIN

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhai, Junyi Dai, Xinliang Jiang, Yuning Xue, Ying Hagenmeyer, Veit Jones, Colin N. Zhang, Xiao-Ping Qingdao China City & Energy Research Institute Suzhou China Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Automatic Control Laboratory EPFL Switzerland School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom

The increasing application of voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) technology in power grids has raised the importance of incorporating DC grids and converters into the existing transmission network. This poses significant challenges in dealing with the resulting optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In this paper, a recently proposed nonconvex distributed optimization algorithm—Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (ALADIN), is tailored to solve the nonconvex AC/DC OPF problem for emerging voltage source converter (VSC) based multiterminal high voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) meshed AC/DC hybrid systems. The proposed scheme decomposes this AC/DC hybrid OPF problem and handles it in a fully distributed way. Compared to the existing state-of-art Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), which is in general, not applicable for nonconvex problems, ALADIN has a theoretical convergence guarantee. Applying these two approaches to VSC-MTDC coupled with an IEEE benchmark AC power system illustrates that the tailored ALADIN outperforms ADMM in convergence speed and numerical robustness. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Impact of nonplanar 3d printing on surface roughness and build time in fused filament fabrication 7th

Impact of nonplanar 3d printing on surface roughness and bui...

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7th KES International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing, KES-SDM 2020

作者： Elkaseer, Ahmed Müller, Tobias Rabsch, Dominik Scholz, Steffen G. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Faculty of Engineering Port Said University Port Fuad42526 Egypt Future Manufacturing Research Institute College of Engineering Swansea University Bay Campus Crymlyn Burrows SwanseaSA1 8EN United Kingdom Hermann-Von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811581304

Nonplanar 3D printing is a recently emerged approach to increase surface quality and part strength in additive manufacturing. In this paper, the impact of a nonplanar printing method utilized for the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique on the resultant surface roughness of printed parts is presented. In particular, the influence of different inclination angles and part orientation on the obtainable surface quality was investigated by comparing a traditional planar printing strategy with a nonplanar finishing solution. A pyramidal geometry was utilized to assess the effect of inclination angle as well as part orientation and relative printhead movement on the surface characteristics. The results show a decrease in obtainable surface roughness for inclination angles up to 25°, while higher angles cause rougher surfaces when compared with results of planar 3D printing strategy. This can be explained by the way the nonplanar nozzle movements interact with previously deposited filament strands by deforming them due to the size of the nozzle and geometry of the 3D printed part. As a consequence, solutions for an improved nonplanar printing technique using Delta FFF printers are suggested that will be investigated in the future work. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.

关键词： Fabrication

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Modeling curtailment in germany: How spatial resolution impacts line congestion

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Frysztacki, Martha Brown, Tom Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

This paper investigates the effects of network constraints in energy system models at transmission level on renewable energy generation and curtailment as the network is being spatially aggregated. We seek to reproduce historically measured curtailment in Germany for the years 2013-2018 using an open model of the transmission system, PyPSA-Eur. Our simulations include spatial and temporal considerations, including congestion per line as well as curtailment per control zone and quarter. Results indicate that curtailment at high network resolution is significantly overestimated due to inaccurate allocation of electricity demand and renewable capacities to overloaded sites. However, high congestion rates of the transmission network decrease as the network is clustered to a smaller number of nodes, thus reducing curtailment. A measure to capture errors in the assignment of electricity demand and power plants is defined and hints towards a preferable spatial resolution. Thus, we are able to balance the effects of accurate node assignment and network congestion revealing that a reduced model can capture curtailment from recent historical data. This shows that it is possible to reduce the network to improve computation times and capture the most important effects of network constraints on variable renewable energy feed-in at the same time. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric power utilization

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Probabilistic solar power forecasting: Long short-term memory network vs simpler approaches

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sharma, Vinayak Ordiano, Jorge Ángel González Mikut, Ralf Cali, Umit University of North Carolina at Charlotte United States Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Colorado State University United States Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

The high penetration of volatile renewable energy sources such as solar, make methods for coping with the uncertainty associated with them of paramount importance. Probabilistic forecasts are an example of these methods, as they assist energy planners in their decision-making process by providing them with information about the uncertainty of future power generation. Currently, there is a trend towards the use of deep learning probabilistic forecasting methods. However, the point at which the more complex deep learning methods should be preferred over more simple approaches is not yet clear. Therefore, the current article presents a simple comparison between a long short-term memory neural network and other more simple approaches. The comparison consists of training and comparing models able to provide one-day-ahead probabilistic forecasts for a solar power system. Moreover, the current paper makes use of an open source dataset provided during the Global Energy Forecasting Competition of 2014 (GEFCom14). © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Semantic CIM2Matpower: Ontology-Based Network Topology Processor and Converter for CIM Node-Breaker Models 7

Semantic CIM2Matpower: Ontology-Based Network Topology Proce...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2019

作者： Schumilin, Artem Cakmak, Huseyin Kemal Stucky, Karl-Uwe Duepmeier, Clemens Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124407

Smart electricity grids are key to a successful transition towards a future sustainable energy system. Network topology processing (NTP) is an important and frequently reoccurring task in most power grid analysis and simulation applications' including power flow calculations, short circuit and contingency analysis. NTP is applied to a detailed node-break-er representation of the power grid, as provided by the IEC Common Information Model (CIM). It is performed in order to obtain a reduced bus-branch representation, which serves as input to downstream analysis and simulation applications. The present paper introduces a novel approach to NTP that utilises a semantic knowledge base for network model management and exploits semantic reasoning over the formal CIM ontology and instance data. The proposed system is tested on publicly available ENTSO-E data, validated by converting the generated bus-branch model to Matpower and running power flow calculations in a power grid modelling and simulation framework. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Ontology

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Hybrid multi-chip assembly of optical communication engines by in situ 3D nanolithography

引用

Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1340-1350页

作者： Matthias Blaicher Muhammad Rodlin Billah Juned Kemal Tobias Hoose Pablo Marin-Palomo Andreas Hofmann Yasar Kutuvantavida Clemens Kieninger Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich Matthias Lauermann Stefan Wolf Ute Troppenz Martin Moehrle Florian Merget Sebastian Skacel Jeremy Witzens Sebastian Randel Wolfgang Freude Christian Koos Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics(IPQ) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engesserstraße 576131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Microstructure Technology(IMT) KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics(IAI) KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Vanguard Automation GmbH Gablonzer StraBe 1076185 KarlsruheGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich Hertz Institute(HHI)Einsteinufer 3710587 BerlinGermany Institute of Integrated Photonics(IPH) RWTH AachenSommerfeldstraße 18/2452074 AachenGermany

Three-dimensional(3D)nano-printing of freeform optical waveguides,also referred to as photonic wire bonding,allows for efficient coupling between photonic chips and can greatly simplify optical system *** a key advantage,the shape and the trajectory of photonic wire bonds can be adapted to the mode-field profiles and the positions of the chips,thereby offering an attractive alternative to conventional optical assembly techniques that rely on technically complex and costly high-precision ***,while the fundamental advantages of the photonic wire bonding concept have been shown in proof-of-concept experiments,it has so far been unclear whether the technique can also be leveraged for practically relevant use cases with stringent reproducibility and reliability *** this paper,we demonstrate optical communication engines that rely on photonic wire bonding for connecting arrays of silicon photonic modulators to InP lasers and single-mode *** a first experiment,we show an eight-channel transmitter offering an aggregate line rate of 448 Gbit/s by low-complexity intensity modulation.A second experiment is dedicated to a four-channel coherent transmitter,operating at a net data rate of 732.7 Gbit/s-a record for coherent silicon photonic transmitters with co-packaged *** dedicated test chips,we further demonstrate automated mass production of photonic wire bonds with insertion losses of(0.7±0.15)dB,and we show their resilience in environmental-stability tests and at high optical *** results might form the basis for simplified assembly of advanced photonic multi-chip systems that combine the distinct advantages of different integration platforms.

关键词： communication lithography bonding

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Distributed Optimal Power Flow for VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Grids Using ALADIN

Distributed Optimal Power Flow for VSC-MTDC Meshed AC/DC Gri...

引用

IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Junyi Zhai Xinliang Dai Yuning Jiang Ying Xue Veit Hagenmeyer Colin N. Jones Xiao-Ping Zhang College of New Energy China University of Petroleum (UPC) China Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany Automatic Control Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology (SCUT) China Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham (UBir) Birmingham United Kingdom

The increasing application of voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) technology in power grids has raised the importance of incorporating DC grids and converters into the existing transmission network. This poses significant challenges in dealing with the resulting optimal power flow (OPF) problem. In this paper, a recently proposed nonconvex distributed optimization algorithm — Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (ALADIN), is tailored to solve the nonconvex AC/DC OPF problem for emerging voltage source converter (VSC) based multiterminal high voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) meshed AC/DC hybrid systems. The proposed scheme decomposes this AC/DC hybrid OPF problem and handles it in a fully distributed way. Compared to the existing state-of-art Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), which is in general, not applicable for nonconvex problems, ALADIN has a theoretical convergence guarantee. Applying these two approaches to VSC-MTDC coupled with an IEEE benchmark AC power system illustrates that the tailored ALADIN outperforms ADMM in convergence speed and numerical robustness.

关键词：

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Digital Twin Definition for Detecting Abnormal Perspiration Patterns in High-Stress Professions

Digital Twin Definition for Detecting Abnormal Perspiration ...

引用

Roedunet International Conference (RoEduNet)

作者： Cristian Vizitiu Ioan Turcin Kevin Alexander Dominey Selver Softic Adrian-Cătălin Dinculescu Vlad I. Bocăneţ Cosmin Dugan Sorin-Aurel Moraru The Space Applications and Technologies Laboratory Institute of Space Science -Subsidiary of INFLPR Magurele Romania Department of Automatics and Information Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Department Automation Technology CAMPUS 02 University of Applied Sciences Graz Austria Department IT & Business Informatics CAMPUS 02 University of Applied Sciences Graz Austria Department of Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Industrial Engineering Robotics and Production Management Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania Bucharest University Emergency Hospital Bucharest Romania

ISBN: (数字)9798331540388

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540395

Perspiration is a physiological response in high-stress situations, that also plays a key role in thermoregulation and stress management. Understanding perspiration patterns is used for assessing physiological responses and optimizing human performance especially in professions such as emergency medical services and military operations, as well as for individuals exposed to Isolated Confined Extreme (ICE) environments such as astronauts and space analog mission participants. This paper defines a Digital Twin (DT) model, that will be integrated with an existing physical sweat simulator module (SSM) prototype. Its goal is to simulate human perspiration under high-stress conditions by integrating environmental, physiological, and psychological data. The system architecture is developed via Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). The scope of the designed virtual model is to accurately reflect physical perspiration, detect abnormal perspiration patterns, and generate recommendations regarding stress countermeasures. The goal is to influence the behavioral and/or physiological state of the physical twin, thereby creating a dynamic, responsive system. Machine learning (ML) models will be used to identify patterns in the environmental, physiological, and psychological inputs and predict sweat volume, chemical composition, and regional sweat distributions across the body. ML will also be used to detect abnormal perspiration patterns based on input data. The application of generative AI for creating test data from simulation templates is anticipated to facilitate the comparative analysis of two to three distinct profiles, such as astronauts, soldiers, and paramedics or firefighters, using simulated values. The SSM, with its integrated sensors, will serve the dual purpose of validating the model and providing realistic physical simulation.

关键词： Adaptation models Generative AI Psychology Human factors Machine learning Predictive models Physiology Digital twins Modeling Biomedical monitoring

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3Dprinted highly compact varifocal optics

3Dprinted highly compact varifocal optics

引用

Imaging Systems and Applications, ISA 2020 - Part of Imaging and applied Optics Congress 2020

作者： Sieber, Ingo Thelen, Richard Gengenbach, Ulrich Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure Technology - KNMF Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Surface measurements of a high-resolution 3Dprinted rotation optics are compared to nominal shape to deduce improvements of process parameters. Feeding back the data into the model allows for usage as digital twin for... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Optimization

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