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Digital transformation in airport ground operations

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Kovynyov, Ivan Mikut, Ralf Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

How has digital transformation changed airport ground operations? Although the relevant peer-reviewed literature emphasizes the role of cost savings as a key driver behind digitalization of airport ground operations, the focus is on data-driven, customer-centric innovations. This paper argues that ground handling agents are deploying new technologies mainly to boost process efficiency and to cut costs. Our research shows that ground handling agents are embracing current trends to craft new business models and develop new revenue streams. In this paper, we examine the ground handling agent's value chain and identify areas that are strongly affected by digital transformation and those that are not. We discuss different business scenarios for digital technology and link them with relevant research, such as automated service data capturing, new digital services for passengers, big data, indoor navigation, and wearables in airport ground operations. We assess the maturity level of discussed technologies using NASA technology readiness levels. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Big data

Towards distributed opf using aladin

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Engelmann, Alexander Jiang, Yuning Mühlpfordt, Tillmann Houska, Boris Faulwasser, Timm Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China

The present paper discusses the application of the recently proposed Augmented Lagrangian Alternating Direction Inexact Newton (ALADIN) method to non-convex AC Optimal Power Flow Problems (OPF) in a distributed fashion. In contrast to the often used Alternating Direction of Multipliers Method (ADMM), ALADIN guarantees locally quadratic convergence for AC-OPF. Numerical results for 5-300 bus test cases indicate that ALADIN is able to outperform ADMM and to reduce the number of iterations by about one order of magnitude. We compare ALADIN to numerical results for ADMM documented in the literature. The improved convergence speed comes at the cost of increasing the communication effort per iteration. Therefore, we propose a variant of ALADIN that uses inexact Hessians to reduce communication. Additionally, we provide a detailed comparison of these ALADIN variants to ADMM from an algorithmic and communication perspective. Moreover, we prove that ALADIN converges locally at quadratic rate even for the relevant case of suboptimally solved local NLPs. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic generators

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Preface

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020年 1049卷 xiii页

作者： Jain, Lakhmi C. Balas, Valentina E. Tsihrintzis, George A. Sharma, Dilip Kumar Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW Australia Department of Automation and Applied Informatics "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad Arad Romania Department of Informatics University of Piraeus Piraeus Greece Department of Computer Engineering and Applications Institute of Engineering and Technology GLA University Mathura India

PyPSA-Eur: An open optimisation model of the European transmission system

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Horsch, Jonas Hofmann, Fabian Schlachtberger, David Brown, Tom Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany

PyPSA-Eur, the first open model dataset of the European power system at the transmission network level to cover the full ENTSO-E area, is presented. It contains 6001 lines (alternating current lines at and above 220 kV voltage level and all high voltage direct current lines), 3657 substations, a new open database of conventional power plants, time series for electrical demand and variable renewable generator availability, and geographic potentials for the expansion of wind and solar power. The model is suitable both for operational studies and generation and transmission expansion planning studies. The continental scope and highly resolved spatial scale enables a proper description of the long-range smoothing effects for renewable power generation and their varying resource availability. The restriction to freely available and open data encourages the open exchange of model data developments and eases the comparison of model results. A further novelty of the dataset is the publication of the full, automated software pipeline to assemble the load-ow-ready model from the original datasets, which enables easy replacement and improvement of the individual parts. This paper focuses on the description of the network topology, the compilation of a European power plant database and a top-down load timeseries regionalisation. It summarises the derivation of renewable wind and solar availability time-series from re-analysis weather datasets and the estimation of renewable capacity potentials restricted by land-use. Finally, validations of the dataset are presented, including a new methodology to compare geo-referenced network datasets to one another. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open Data

On the local asymptotic stabilization of the nonlinear systems with small time-varying perturbations by state-feedback control

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Vrabel, R. Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Bottova 25 Trnava917 01 Slovakia

In this paper, we are interested in the relation between the solutions of the control system (Formula presented) and the solutions of its (potentially unknown) perturbation (Formula presented). Under the assumption that the linear part of the unperturbed system at the point (0, 0) is controllable and that disturbance w(x, t) is sufficiently small, there exists a state-feedback controller of the form u = −Kx such that the perturbed system preserves the local asymptotic stability of the zero solution of unperturbed system. The main result of this paper gives the sufficient conditions, more specifically, the relations between the important parameters of the system, to ensure this property and at the same time provides the method for calculating the lower bound of region of attraction. Moreover, we obtain a nontrivial extension of the classical result of H. K. Khalil regarding asymptotic behavior of the (uncontrolled) perturbed systems whose nominal part is exponentially asymptotically stable at the origin x = *** Codes 93C10, 93C15, 93C73, 93D15 Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： State feedback

Application Aspects of Active-set Quadratic Programming in Real-time Embedded Model Predictive Vibration Control

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 11625-11631页

作者： Batista G. Takács G. Rohal’-Ilkiv B. Institute of Automation Measurement and Applied Informatics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia

This paper presents a study on the practical utilization of various microcontroller units (MCU) for model predictive vibration control, using an online active-set quadratic programming solver. The implementation properties of various 32bit MCUs are assessed in experiment. An analysis of memory requirements is made on all investigated MCUs, along with evaluating timing requirements for a simple vibration control problem. These tests show execution time limits, memory footprint, and convergence under different circumstances. The experiments investigate the effects of hot-starting, numerical precision and the use of the floating-point unit (FPU) of the MCU. The results presented in this paper show that the hot-starting technique used with double precision data format is preferable, since computation using single precision numeric format fails to converge on many instances. Although it is tempting to reduce numerical precision to extend the maximal horizon stored in the volatile and nonvolatile memories and to cut execution times, the numerical stability of the investigated online active-set quadratic programming solver is heavily affected. Moreover, it has been found that a built-in FPU does not have significant impact on performance; the presence of this hardware feature does not significantly aid the implementation of model predictive control for the case study presented here. © 2017

关键词： embedded systems microcontroller unit model predictive control online active-set strategy quadratic programming vibration control

Better is the enemy of good: Unums - An alternative to IEEE 754 floats and doubles 8

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Better is the enemy of good: Unums - An alternative to IEEE ...

8th International Conference on Information Technology, ICIT 2017

作者： Risse, Thomas Institute of Informatics and Automation Hochschule Bremen City University of Applied Sciences Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063321

Floats and doubles according to the 1985 IEEE 754 standard exhibit in cases very strange behavior and are no longer compatible with today's technological constraints - especially in high performance computing, HPC. Hence Gustafson's Unums, a substitute to IEEE 754 floating point numbers, are a promising alternative because they 'end up all error' and do so by taking into consideration the technological change which has taken place since the eighties of the last century. Of course these benefits do not come without cost: new floating point hardware is needed and new numerical algorithms have to be invented to make full use of the potential of Unums. As an example, a zero finding algorithm is proposed which exploits today's processors potential to execute several floating point operations in parallel. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Digital arithmetic

Metrics Reloaded: Recommendations for image analysis validation

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

Photonic Wire Bonding and 3D Nanoprinting in Photonic Integration – from Lab Demonstrations to Production

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Photonic Wire Bonding and 3D Nanoprinting in Photonic Integr...

European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)

作者： C. Koos W. Freude S. Randel M. R. Billah M. Blaicher P.-I. Dietrich T. Hoose Y. Xu J. N. Kemal A. Nesic A. Hofmann Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

We give an overview of our research towards exploiting direct-write 3D laser lithography as a tool for advanced photonic integration. The technique offers new perspectives for a wide variety of applications, ranging from photonic wire bonding and multi-chip integration of high-speed communication engines to facet-attached beam-shaping elements and highly efficient coupling in astrophotonic systems. We are currently working on transferring the concept from laboratory demonstrations to industrial manufacturing.

关键词： Photonics Optical fibers Wires Couplings Bonding Three-dimensional displays Silicon