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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Luca Rettenberger Nils Beyer Ingo Sieber Markus Reischl Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen

Fused filament fabrication is a popular 3D printing process where layers of fusible plastic filament are used to build a workpiece. However, the high manual maintenance needs limit its potential. Given the common incidence of defects in the printed components, automated solutions detecting these errors while printing are of great benefit to every practitioner. Current research primarily focuses on monitoring and optimizing manufacturing processes and printing parameters or using additional sensors to directly observe the printing process and identify errors. However, there is no established procedure for assessing print quality in real time with minimal additional sensors. Our proposed computer vision-based deep-learning system overcomes previous limitations by detecting errors in 3D printing and assessing the quality of printed parts in real time using only a single camera. We record and provide a multi-class image dataset that encompasses different printed geometries, error classes, and printing condition variations. Our extensive evaluation shows that considering various geometries and printing conditions is vital for detecting printing errors. Our proposed computer vision-based deep-learning system enhances 3D printing by automating error detection, enabling practitioners to increase efficiency and print high-quality workpieces.

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Investigation of a Simplified Photometer Design for the Measurement of Ozone Gas Concentration

Investigation of a Simplified Photometer Design for the Meas...

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IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES)

作者： Lisa Petani Robert Barth Lorenz Wührl Ingo Sieber Liane Koker Markus Reischl Ulrich Gengenbach Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Ozone is used in medicine, water treatment, and chemical processes. Measuring its concentration is essential, especially in medical technology, to enable safe and reliable treatment for the patient. The photometric measurement principle is promising because it can be applied at room temperature and it has a fast response time. Since the application range of commercial photometers for ozone gas is still limited due to the high price of these instruments, here a simplified low-cost photometer set-up is presented. The set-up measures at a wavelength between 275 nm and 286 nm ozone concentrations up to 2.5 vol% (25000 ppm) with a response time of 210 ms and consists of low-cost components. The accuracy of the photometer in comparison to a reference analyser is 2.5%. Hence, the simplified concept outlined in this paper provides a basis for the development of compact and cost-effective photometers for ozone gas measurement.

关键词： Temperature measurement Gases Wavelength measurement Instruments Medical treatment Biomedical measurement Time measurement

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Line Management in the Energy Packet Grid 24

Line Management in the Energy Packet Grid

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Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems

作者： Marcel Weßbecher Friedrich Wiegel Sophie Xing An Klemens Schneider Dominik Schulz Martina Zitterbart Marc Hiller Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany Institute of Telematics (TM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany Institute of Electrical Engineering (ETI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704802

This article introduces the innovative concept of Line Management (LM) in Energy Packet Grids (EP grids), an approach that aims to address the challenges posed by the increasing deployment of renewable energy technologies in the power grid driven by power electronics. The traditional power grid, originally designed with a top-down architecture, faces new complexities due to the distributed, bottom-up, and intermittent nature of renewable energy generation. The article explores the concept of the Energy Packet Grid, which segments the power grid into EP cells and manages power flows in discrete packets. Central to this system is the Line Manager, a software component critical to managing the transport capacity of transmission lines by orchestrating the transfer of energy packets. The paper outlines the architecture and functional aspects of the Line Manager, emphasizing its role in ensuring a stable operation of future power grids. It also discusses various methodologies for grid state calculations, including current, power, and mixed-mode transfers. The effectiveness of different calculation methods is evaluated, highlighting the importance of accurate and timely decision-making in grid management. Overall, the results contribute to ongoing research in congestion management and present a detailed description of the Line Manager concept and implementation in the context of EP grids.

关键词： Congestion Management Energy Internet Energy Packet Grid Grid State Calculation Line Management

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Modes of Energy Packets in the Energy Packet Grid

Modes of Energy Packets in the Energy Packet Grid

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Klemens Schneider Marcel Weßbecher Dominik Schulz Veit Hagenmeyer Marc Hiller Martina Zitterbart Institute of Telematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

We advance the concept of the Energy Packet Grid (EP Grid), which is an alternative paradigm for the architecture and operation of the power grid. In particular, we introduce the concept of energy packet (EP) shapes, which are different ways to define energy packets. Additionally, we present so-called EP modes, which are different ways to conduct an EP transfer. We introduce the current-mode, the power-mode, and the mixed-mode. The EP modes are demonstrated with prototype EP devices in our real-world laboratory and in simulations.

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What ODE-Approximation Schemes of Time-Delay Systems Reveal about Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functionals

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Scholl, Tessina H. Hagenmeyer, Veit Gröll, Lutz Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76021 Germany

The article proposes an approach to complete-type and related Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals that neither requires knowledge of the delay-Lyapunov matrix function nor does it involve linear matrix inequalities. The approach is based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that approximate the time-delay system. The ODEs are derived via spectral methods, e.g., the Chebyshev collocation method (also called pseudospectral discretization) or the Legendre tau method. A core insight is that the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem resembles a theorem for Lyapunov-Rumyantsev partial stability in ODEs. For the linear approximating ODE, only a Lyapunov equation has to be solved to obtain a partial Lyapunov function. The latter approximates the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. Results are validated by applying Clenshaw-Curtis and Gauss quadrature to a semi-analytical result of the functional, yielding a comparable finite-dimensional approximation. In particular, the article provides a formula for a tight quadratic lower bound, which is important in applications. Examples confirm that this new bound is significantly less conservative than known results. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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A Fair and In-Depth Evaluation of Existing End-to-End Entity Linking Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bast, Hannah Hertel, Matthias Prange, Natalie University of Freiburg Department of Computer Science Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

Existing evaluations of entity linking systems often say little about how the system is going to perform for a particular application. There are two fundamental reasons for this. One is that many evaluations only use aggregate measures (like precision, recall, and F1 score), without a detailed error analysis or a closer look at the results. The other is that all of the widely used benchmarks have strong biases and artifacts, in particular: a strong focus on named entities, an unclear or missing specification of what else counts as an entity mention, poor handling of ambiguities, and an over- or underrepresentation of certain kinds of entities. We provide a more meaningful and fair in-depth evaluation of a variety of existing end-to-end entity linkers. We characterize their strengths and weaknesses and also report on reproducibility aspects. The detailed results of our evaluation can be inspected under https://***/emnlp2023. Our evaluation is based on several widely used benchmarks, which exhibit the problems mentioned above to various degrees, as well as on two new benchmarks, which address the problems mentioned above. The new benchmarks can be found under https://***/ad-freiburg/fair-entitylinking-benchmarks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Petroleum reservoir evaluation

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On resilience of future decarbonised energy systems in Europe

On resilience of future decarbonised energy systems in Europ...

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8th International Hybrid Power Plants & Systems Workshop (HYB 2024)

作者： Jonas Lotze Massimo Moser Veit Hagenmeyer Department of Strategic Grid Planning TransnetBW GmbH Stuttgart Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781837241484

The general scope the present model-based research is to analyse climate-neutral scenarios for Europe and to assess the respective resilience of the energy system. Two scenarios are therefore examined, one with an unrestricted global hydrogen market and the other with improved European energy resilience that limits pipeline imports of hydrogen from non-European countries. Key findings include increasing electrification of the heat and transport sectors, widespread use of Power-to-X appliances and, as a result, a doubling of total electricity consumption in Europe. On the power generation side, there is a need for massive expansion of renewables such as wind and photovoltaics. The analysis shows that a more resilient energy system will require additional electrolysis capacity, hydrogen storage and hydrogen grid capacity. The marginal cost of hydrogen will also increase as a result, and a higher price level will subsequently reduce the demand for hydrogen. The overall conclusion is that a transition from fossil fuels to renewables will, in any case, make the energy system much less dependent on imports and thus more resilient.

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Comparing human and algorithmic anomaly detection for HVAC systems applications 8

Comparing human and algorithmic anomaly detection for HVAC s...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications, BigDataService 2022

作者： Borrison, Reuben Syndicus, Marc Orth, Andre Markovic, Romana Dix, Marcel Liguori, Antonio Berning, Matthias Wagner, Andreas Van Treeck, Christoph Corporate Research ABB AG Ladenburg Germany RWTH Aachen University Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Building Aachen Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Building Science Group fbta KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Bauphysik und Technischer Ausbau KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665458900

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458900

This paper reports the first results of a comparison of human and algorithmic anomaly detection. We are interested in how human and automated anomaly detection can be combined in the most beneficial way to improve how fault detection is practiced in building maintenance. Open source datasets with sensor data were annotated by persons with low subject matter experience, and compared with a Convolutional Autoencoder Neural Network (CAE) as well as a dedicated time series algorithm (DeepAnT), and detection metrics of human and algorithmic procedures are compared. Future comparisons will include higher levels of expertise on the human side, and more sophistication/training amount on the algorithm side. We close by discussing the advantages and caveats of our approach. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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The Impact of Local Energy Market Participants’ Decisions on Efficient Energy Usage: Design of a Multi-Agent System

The Impact of Local Energy Market Participants’ Decisions o...

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International Conference on European Electricity Market, EEM

作者： Christina Speck Saskia Bluhm Christof Weinhardt Philipp Zwickel Veit Hagenmeyer Institute of Information Systems and Marketing (IISM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

In recent years, many studies have been conducted on local energy markets. While local energy markets are mostly modeled with economically rational participants, many house- holds also consider energy quality, such as energy locality, in their energy choices. Therefore, we propose to include participants’ heterogeneous preferences from energy locality to economic rationality in the design of a multi-agent system to ensure a more efficient use of locally generated energy, which helps to increase the attractiveness of participating in local energy markets. Our results show that our design can fulfill the individual preferences of local energy market participants and prove that energy is used most efficiently with a dominant local preference group.

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Nonlinear Analysis of the Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2024年

作者： Ponomarev, Anton Hagenmeyer, Veit Gröll, Lutz Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Baden-Württemberg Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

The synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL), also called dqPLL, is an electric circuit commonly used in power electronics to estimate the phase angle of a three-phase AC grid. If the voltage is unbalanced, the PLL is modeled as a periodically forced nonlinear oscillator and is known in practice to converge to a steady oscillation. In the existing literature, the oscillation has been studied via linearization assuming a low level of unbalance. Aiming for stronger nonlocal statements, we present nonlinear analysis. We apply the method of autonomous comparison systems and incremental stability to show that the steady oscillation is unique and attractive in a wider neighborhood. Its lock-in domain is estimated using numerical phase portrait analysis. The oscillation is further approximated up to the terms of the second order in the unbalance factor – it yields an estimation of the time average of the PLL’s phase error which is not visible by linearization only. The results provide stability guarantees and can guide the tuning of SRF-PLL. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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