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SSRN 2025年

作者： Galenzowski, Johannes Waczowicz, Simon Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Tajalli-Ardekani, Erfan Beichter, Sebastian Ekin, Ömer Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in novel concepts for jointly operating devices in urban areas in clusters, motivated by their potential to support decarbonization, enhance power system flexibility, and promote energy justice. Such clusters encompass multiple devices or buildings but operate on a smaller scale than cities. Examples include Renewable Energy Communities and Positive Energy Districts. These Novel District Concepts (NDCs) integrate interdisciplinary urban planning and social sciences terminology into the energy domain. However, these concept’s precise definitions and practical implementation lack consistency, leading to conceptual ambiguities in the literature. ... (see comment to the editor) © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clean energy

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ePowCoRe: A Novel Generic Representation of Power Grids Enabling Open-Source Model Conversion Modules

ePowCoRe: A Novel Generic Representation of Power Grids Enab...

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Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES)

作者： Moritz Weber Alexander Kocher Hüseyin K. Çakmak Veit Hagenmeyer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350384680

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384697

With the rapid changes of modern power grids, modeling and simulation of these systems become increasingly important. For these tasks, various specialized proprietary and open tools exist. Since every tool has its strengths and weaknesses, it is often beneficial to analyze the same system with multiple different tools. However, as most of these tools come with their own distinct data format, this requires a conversion of models. In the present paper, we introduce new model conversion methods based on a novel generic representation for power system models. This representation is based on a graph data structure comprising flexible power system component models. We evaluate the implementation of these new methods by converting an IEEE 39 bus system model from DIgSILENT PowerFactory to Matpower, Simscape Electrical, and RSCAD FX using the newly developed methods and existing methods. The resulting models are compared with the original PowerFactory model using power flow, RMS and EMT simulations. The source code of the presented modeling format and methods is released to the community for transparency and further development.

关键词： Source coding Data structures Power grids Data models Power system modeling Open source software Load flow

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Experimental Analysis of Immersion & Invariance Adaptive Control for an Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter with Unknown Load Type

Experimental Analysis of Immersion & Invariance Adaptive Con...

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IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Jan Wachter Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany

The retrofit of the energy system leads to new challenges for the control of power electronic devices. To account for parametric uncertainties of passive elements, or unknown ambient conditions in real-world applications, the use of proportional-integral (PI) controllers in cascaded schemes is common. Observer based adaptive control approaches can be leveraged to accommodate such uncertainties and at the same time provide parameter estimates and enable model based control approaches. From an application perspective, the question arises about the consequences of wrong modelling assumptions, for example regarding the often unknown load type. In this work an interleaved DC/DC boost converter is considered, that supplies a DC-bus to which generally unknown loads can be connected, such as a grid-tied three phase inverter. This paper illustrates the design of an observer based adaptive controller using the Immersion & Invariance framework with an energy shaping plus damping injection passivity based controller. A highly simplified, large signal plant model as well as the assumption of a purely resistive load are used for the design. The provided experimental results show that the adaptive controller is able to cope with violations of the modeling assumptions concerning the load type in a real-world application scenario.

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On Higher-Order Averaging and Flatness

On Higher-Order Averaging and Flatness

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International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Adam Kastner Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Averaging methods are widely used for the control-oriented modeling of systems where high-frequency actuation is used to steer the average of the control variables, such as switching power converters or mechanical systems with vibrational control. Higher-order averaging provides approximations for the trajectories with improved accuracy compared to the commonly used first-order averaging method. Furthermore, differential flatness is a property of dynamical systems which allows parametrizing state and input trajectories from a flat output without integration. In this contribution we investigate the relation between higher-order averaging and flatness via examples of electrical and mechanical systems.

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Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniques for an Exemplary Structure of an Oxygen Sensor on a Polyimide Substrate

Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniqu...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Lisa Petanil Anja Schweizer Christian Pylatiuk Peter Stiller Klaus-Martin Reichert Ulrich Gengenbach Martin Ungerer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Inkjet-printing of electrochemical sensors is a rapidly developing fabrication method. Careful selection of pre-processing methods, inkjet-printing parameters, and post-processing methods is crucial for the features of the final sensor. In particular the interaction of inks and substrate is essential for setting the pre- and post-processing conditions as well as the inkjet-printing parameters. Here, commercial gold, silver, and passivation inks are printed onto a Polyimide substrate and investigated with different processing parameters. A literature search has shown that there is a lack of systematic investigation of the processing conditions for this material combination. Optimal processing parameters are presented here for this combination of materials. With the identified processing parameters, we reproducibly achieve low resistivities for gold and silver nanoparticle inks.

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Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Adam Kastner Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

It is well-known that the state-space averaged models of buck and boost converters possess the property of differential flatness, which can prove beneficial to control design. This paper investigates the differential flatness of systems that consist of buck and boost converters interconnected at their outputs in three structures, which model DC microgrids with different properties. We present the mathematical form of potential flat outputs which depends on the number of converters of each type. Flatness-based feedforward control is demonstrated in simulations for all three types of interconnection. A numerical solution of the implicit flat parametrization is used where the explicit flat parametrization is not available.

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Continuous Measurement of Individual Formaldehyde Exposure with a DIY Photometer

Continuous Measurement of Individual Formaldehyde Exposure w...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Lisa Petani Markus Lorenz Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Formaldehyde is widely used in pathology for the preservation of tissue specimens. Due to a lack of alternatives, it continues to be used despite its toxic properties. Currently existing sensors are not suitable for daily use in pathology due to their long reaction times in the range of minutes (electrochemical) or the size of their volume of more than 5 liters (optical). In order to accurately record the individual exposure of employees and thus enable targeted protective measures, a mobile formaldehyde sensor based on a 340 nm UV-LED is presented. To enhance the absorption in a compact design, a multi-pass cell is developed that extends the light-gas interaction by mirroring the light. With the developed photometer, it is possible to measure formaldehyde concentrations down to a minimum of 2 ppm at an averaging period of 1 s. The limiting factor to further decrease the lowest measurement limit of the photometer is the light loss in the multi-pass cell due to beam expansion and absorption by the mirrors. Possibilities to reduce the light loss are shown in order to monitor the permissible individual exposure at work of 0.3 ppm.

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Introducing PROOF - A PROcess Orchestration Framework for the automation of Computational Scientific Workflows and Co-Simulations

Introducing PROOF - A PROcess Orchestration Framework for th...

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Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES)

作者： Jianlei Liu Malte Chlosta Nicolas Schaber Jannik Sidler Richard Lutz Thorsten Schlachter Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Scientists and engineers involved in the design of complex system solutions use computational Workflows and co-simulations to explore, model, and evaluate the behavior of these system solutions. With the help of integration tools, scientists and engineers can avoid the implementation of additional interfaces when coupling different executables and running them as an overall system solution, which hinders their original research or engineering goals. Therefore, a novel framework named PROcess Orchestration Framework (PROOF) for streamlining the creation and automation of computational workflows and co-simulations is introduced in this article. It uses state-of-the-art technologies for automation (e.g., container virtualization) and coordination (e.g., distributed message-oriented middleware). It supports task parallelism and recoverability capabilities by utilizing container orchestration on a distributed computing cluster. PROOF uses a descriptive approach to abstractly create workflows with the help of a scalable and extendable user interface.

关键词： Couplings automation Message-oriented middleware Computational modeling Containers User interfaces Parallel processing

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Advancing Distributed Ac Optimal Power Flow for Integrated Transmission-Distribution Systems

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dai, Xinliang Zhai, Junyi Jiang, Yuning Guo, Yi Jones, Colin N. Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany China Switzerland Switzerland

This paper introduces a distributed operational solution for integrated transmission-distribution (ITD) system management. A fundamental challenge in designing distributed approaches for AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems in ITD systems is the nonconvexity and nonlinearity of the optimization problems for both transmission and distribution systems. To tackle the challenges, our research introduces an enhanced version of the Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (aladin), which incorporates a second-order correction strategy and convexification. The former improves the algorithm’s ability to follow curved trajectories effectively with minimal additional computational demand, while the latter simplifies the decoupled subproblems without introducing the combinatory complexity typically associated with additional inequality constraints. The theoretical studies demonstrate that the proposed distributed algorithm operates the ITD systems with a local quadratic convergence guarantee. Extensive simulations on various ITD configurations highlight the superior performance of our distributed approach in terms of convergence speed, computational efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Energy pulsation reduction in modular multilevel converters using optimized current trajectories

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics

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IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics 2021年 2卷 171-186页

作者： Braeckle, Dennis Himmelmann, Patrick Groll, Lutz Hagenmeyer, Veit Hiller, Marc Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karslruhe76131 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karslruhe76131 Germany

In power electronics, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an easily scalable topology with an high output voltage quality. It is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of electrical power over long distances, which supports the realization of the ongoing energy transition. State-of-the-art methods require a comparatively large total cell capacitance in the system for energy pulsations during operation. In the present paper, in order to minimize this total capacitance, first a new method is developed to model the system, and second, by help of this model, optimal current trajectories are calculated. These currents are used for control to reduce the energy pulsation over the complete operating range, and thus, to better utilize the hardware. The new method independent on the Clarke transformations is implemented on a laboratory scale setup, and measurement results are presented which validate the new method. Furthermore, the new method is compared to the state-of-the-art method of the compensation of the 2nd harmonic and outperforms the latter significantly. This applies to the entire operating range for different power factors. A total reduction of up to 44% of the energy pulsations is achieved. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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