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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Jan Wachter Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

With the fast rising number of power electronic devices in the electric grid, the harmonic emissions of those devices can lead to significant power quality issues. This is reflected in the recent addition of harmonic stability as one of the grid stability types. The reduction of harmonic emissions is an important task in the development of resilient carbon neutral grids. This paper describes the application of the model-free control concept for grid-tied inverters as an easily implementable extension for dq0-frame based current control loops, which are often used in cascaded control schemes. The approach incorporates the information contained in the output current derivative. To balance phase-error and measurement noise suppression, the derivative is obtained using an algebraic numerical differentiator. The reduction of the total harmonic distortion (THD) is demonstrated for two use-cases in simulation, in order to show the transferability of the results. Further, measurement data from a hardware implementation of the concept is studied to verify the behavior under real-world conditions. For this, the influence of the tuning parameters is discussed along with limitations of the approach.

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Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Sebastian Beichter Maximilian Beichter Dorina Werling Johannes Galenzowski Victor Weise Christoph Hildenbrand Friedrich Wiegel Ralf Mikut Simon Waczowicz Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

With the integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and batteries at the low-voltage distribution grid level, residential buildings are increasingly evolving from consumers to prosumers. As the prosumers burden the distribution grid with their uncertain interactions, the need for solutions to counteract this uncertainty becomes more important. One such solution is schedule-based control strategies, such as the dispatchable feeder. Thereby, the dispatchable feeder uses intelligent managed flexible components such as battery energy storage system (BESS) and controllable loads to follow a committed schedule. While the concept of the dispatchable feeder is widely discussed in the literature, the practical challenges associated with its real-world implementation remain under-explored. Therefore, this paper identifies challenges associated with the real-world implementation of the dispatchable feeder in residential buildings. Further, it discusses important future research questions regarding the concept and its valuable integration into the real world. It also proposes an experimental research infrastructure for systematically investigating the raised questions using the real-world laboratory of the Energy Lab 2.0.

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Transformer Training Strategies for Forecasting Multiple Load Time Series

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hertel, Matthias Beichter, Maximilian Heidrich, Benedikt Neumann, Oliver Schäfer, Benjamin Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

In the smart grid of the future, accurate load forecasts on the level of individual clients can help to balance supply and demand locally and to prevent grid outages. While the number of monitored clients will increase with the ongoing smart meter rollout, the amount of data per client will always be limited. We evaluate whether a Transformer load forecasting model benefits from a transfer learning strategy, where a global univariate model is trained on the load time series from multiple clients. In experiments with two datasets containing load time series from several hundred clients, we find that the global training strategy is superior to the multivariate and local training strategies used in related work. On average, the global training strategy results in 21.8% and 12.8% lower forecasting errors than the two other strategies, measured across forecasting horizons from one day to one month into the future. A comparison to linear models, multi-layer perceptrons and LSTMs shows that Transformers are effective for load forecasting when they are trained with the global training strategy. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Impact and Integration of Mini Photovoltaic Systems on Electric Power Distribution Grids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Demirel, Gökhan Grafenhorst, Simon Förderer, Kevin Hagenmeyer, Veit The Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics IAI Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

This work analyzes the impact of varying concentrations mini-photovoltaic (MPV) systems, often referred to as balcony power plants, on the stability and control of the low-voltage (LV) grid. By local energy use and potentially reversing meter operation, we focus on how these MPV systems transform grid dynamics and elucidate consumer participation in the energy transition. We scrutinize the effects of these systems on power quality, power loss, transformer loading, and the functioning of other inverter-based voltage-regulating distributed energy resources (DER). Owing to the rise in renewable output from MPVs, the emerging bidirectional energy flow poses challenges for distribution grids abundant with DERs. Our case studies, featuring sensitivity analysis and comparison of distributed and decentralized DER control strategies, highlight that autonomous inverters are essential for providing ancillary services. With the growing use of battery energy storage (BES) systems in LV grids for these services, the need for adaptable DER control strategies becomes increasingly evident. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Power quality

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Investigation of solution processable moisture barrier films based on a polymer and filler materials

Investigation of solution processable moisture barrier films...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Zehua Chen Ulrich Gengenbach Shant Gananian Daniel Moser Klaus-Martin Reichert Liane Koker Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350383263

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383270

Flexible printed electronics (FPE) attract significant interest due to their potential applications, ranging from printed circuits to wearable devices. Encapsulation of FPE devices is crucial to protect them from environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen. Solution-processed encapsulation by incorporating fillers into the polymer matrix is a promising method to produce barrier films on FPE devices. In this work, glass flakes, graphene oxide, montmorillonite, and silica are examined as potential fillers in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). An adapted water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) dry cup method is developed to select the most effective filler. The optimal concentration of the selected fillers in PVA is determined. Moreover, the barrier effect of selected PVA/filler films is validated by resistance measurements of inkjet printed silver tracks subjected to damp heat and room storage conditions.

关键词： Encapsulation Silicon compounds Silver Transmission line matrix methods Films Moisture Sensor systems

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Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroids

Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroid...

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作者： Bruch, Roman Vitacolonna, Mario Rudolf, Rüdiger Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany

3D cell culture models are important tools for the development and testing of new therapeutics. In combination with immunoassays and 3D confocal microscopy, crucial information like morphological or metabolic changes can be examined during drug testing. However, a common limitation of immunostainings is the number of dyes that can be imaged simultaneously, as overlaps in the spectral profiles of the different dyes may result in cross talk. We therefore present a 3D deep learning method, able to predict fluorescent stainings of specific antigens on the basis of a nuclei staining. Using the proliferation marker Ki67, we showed that the presented model was able to predict the Ki67 staining with a strong correlation to the real signal. Additional analysis showed, that the model was not relying on signal cross talk. This approach, based on staining of the cell nuclei and subsequent prediction of the target antigen, could reduce the number of parallel antigen stains to a minimum and incompatible staining panels could be circumvented in the future. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Forecasting

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Impact of Annotation Noise on Histopathology Nucleus Segmentation

Impact of Annotation Noise on Histopathology Nucleus Segment...

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作者： Schilling, Marcel P. Ahuja, Niket Rettenberger, Luca Scherr, Tim Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Deep learning is often used for automated diagnosis support in biomedical image processing scenarios. Annotated datasets are essential for the supervised training of deep neural networks. The problem of consistent and noise-free annotation remains for experts such as pathologists. The variability within an annotator (intra) and the variability between annotators (inter) are current challenges. In clinical practice or biology, instance segmentation is a common task, but a comprehensive and quantitative study regarding the impact of noisy annotations lacks. In this paper, we present a concept to categorize and simulate various types of annotation noise as well as an evaluation of the impact on deep learning pipelines. Thereby, we use the multi-organ histology image dataset MoNuSeg to discuss the influence of annotator variability. We provide annotation recommendations for clinicians to achieve high-quality automated diagnostic algorithms. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Annotation Efforts in Image Segmentation can be Reduced by Neural Network Bootstrapping

Annotation Efforts in Image Segmentation can be Reduced by N...

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作者： Rettenberger, Luca Schilling, Marcel Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Modern medical technology offers potential for the automatic generation of datasets that can be fed into deep learning systems. However, even though raw data for supporting diagnostics can be obtained with manageable effort, generating annotations is burdensome and time-consuming. Since annotating images for semantic segmentation is particularly exhausting, methods to reduce the human effort are especially valuable. We propose a combined framework that utilizes unsupervised machine learning to automatically generate segmentation masks. Experiments on two biomedical datasets show that our approach generates noticeably better annotations than Otsu thresholding and k-means clustering without needing any additional manual effort. Using our framework, unannotated datasets can be amended with pre-annotations fully unsupervised thus reducing the human effort to a minimum. © 2022 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Image annotation

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CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL OF VALIDATED HIGHLY CONFIGURABLE MULTI-PHYSICS BUILDING MODELS FOR MULTI-ENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN A CO-SIMULATION SETUP

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Haozhen Stock, Jan Xhonneux, André Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Hagenmeyer, Veit Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52428 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

Improving energy efficiency by monitoring system behavior and predicting future energy scenarios in light of increased penetration of renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important, especially for energy systems that distribute and provide heat. On this background, digital twins of cities become paramount in advancing urban energy system planning and infrastructure management. The use of recorded energy data from sensors in district digital twins in collaborative co-simulation platforms is a promising way to analyze detailed system behavior and estimate future scenarios. However, the development and coupling of multi-physics energy system models need to be validated before they can be used for further in-depth analyses. In the present paper, a new multi-physics/-modal and highly configurable building model is presented. Its accuracy and reliability are validated by comparison with data from the TABULA project, ensuring its relevance and applicability to real-world scenarios. The modularity and flexibility with regard to the system configurability of the developed building model is evaluated on various real building types. In addition, the applicability of the building model in a multi-energy system is highlighted by implementing the model in a collaborative co-simulation setup and by coupling it to a district heating grid model in yearly co-simulations. The simulation results for the proposed multi-physical/-modal building modeling concept show a very high level of agreement compared to published reference building data and can therefore be used individually as flexible and modular building models including both thermal and electrical systems for future sector-coupled energy system analyses in view of sustainability. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： District heating

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Additive Manufacturing: Comparative Study of an IoT Integrated Approach and a Conventional Solution

Additive Manufacturing: Comparative Study of an IoT Integrat...

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Future Technologies Conference, FTC 2020

作者： Shandilya, Harshit Kuchta, Matthias Elkaseer, Ahmed Müller, Tobias Scholz, Steffen G. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030630881

The domain of additive manufacturing is an ever-growing sphere of research that will soon make its mark in countless industrial applications. The prowess of additive manufacturing increases significantly when it is integrated along with the Internet of Things. Upon connecting a Prusa MK3S 3D printer to a Raspberry Pi 3B and operating it via Octoprint, the merits of IoT integration are assessed. Comparing the samples from an IoT integrated printer and a standard printer, a contrast is made between the print qualities of the test samples from the two methods of printing. Combining the additive manufacturing set up along with IoT, multiple additional functionalities are obtained, including remote monitoring, remote operation and lower computing requirements. The results of the experiments lead us to the conclusion that the setup can be operated with lesser computing power and also incorporate remote operation and monitoring while maintaining acceptable print quality. The loss in print quality from the IoT approach is negligible when juxtaposed with the prints from a standard desktop operated printer. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： 3D printers

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