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Cybernetics & informatics (K&I)

作者： Ruth Bars Gyula Max J. Anthony Rossiter László Keviczky Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Systems and Control Laboratory Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798331541811

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541828

The first course of control is under a critical review. Both the teaching material covered and the teaching methods require new considerations. Introducing interactivity in the education process makes the learning more successful and enjoyable. MATLAB provides an effective environment for learning and applying different disciplines. Control101 is a new MATLAB toolbox under development which provides tools for interactive learning of control disciplines. This paper presents the framework for teaching discrete control algorithms applied for processes containing large dead times.

关键词： Visualization Systematics PI control Reviews Education Laboratories Process control Prediction algorithms PD control MATLAB

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Reflection on boon and bane of water absorbing components in active implants during package testing and operation

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Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2018年第1期4卷 319-322页

作者： Koker, Liane Gengenbach, Ulrich Bretthauer, Georg Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

For package testing of active implants internal humidity measurements are performed. Thereby, the water absorbency of the measurement components can affect the measurement result, leading to an erroneously prolonged predicted lifetime. Here, the infuence of internal components is discussed using an exemplary setup. It is described how to model and consider the components' absorbencies for lifetime estimation and how beneficial they are during implant operation. © 2018 Liane Koker et al.

关键词： Humidity sensors

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Mask R-CNN Outperforms U-Net in Instance Segmentation for Overlapping Cells

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Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2023年第1期9卷 335-338页

作者： Rettenberger, Luca Rieken Münke, Friedrich Bruch, Roman Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

U-Net is the go-to approach for biomedical segmentation applications. However, it is not designed to segment overlapping objects, a challenge Mask R-CNN has shown to have great potential in. Yet, Mask R-CNN receives little attention in biomedicine. Hence, we evaluate both approaches on a publicly available biomedical dataset. We find that Mask RCNN outperforms U-Net in segmenting overlapping cells and achieves comparable performance if they do not intersect. Our study provides valuable decision support to practitioners in selecting an appropriate method when solving instance segmentation tasks using deep learning, as well as important insights into enhancing the accuracy of such approaches in biomedical image analysis. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Computer vision

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Energy pulsation reduction in modular multilevel converters using optimized current trajectories

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics

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IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics 2021年 2卷 171-186页

作者： Braeckle, Dennis Himmelmann, Patrick Groll, Lutz Hagenmeyer, Veit Hiller, Marc Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karslruhe76131 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karslruhe76131 Germany

In power electronics, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an easily scalable topology with an high output voltage quality. It is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of electrical power over long distances, which supports the realization of the ongoing energy transition. State-of-the-art methods require a comparatively large total cell capacitance in the system for energy pulsations during operation. In the present paper, in order to minimize this total capacitance, first a new method is developed to model the system, and second, by help of this model, optimal current trajectories are calculated. These currents are used for control to reduce the energy pulsation over the complete operating range, and thus, to better utilize the hardware. The new method independent on the Clarke transformations is implemented on a laboratory scale setup, and measurement results are presented which validate the new method. Furthermore, the new method is compared to the state-of-the-art method of the compensation of the 2nd harmonic and outperforms the latter significantly. This applies to the entire operating range for different power factors. A total reduction of up to 44% of the energy pulsations is achieved. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniques for an Exemplary Structure of an Oxygen Sensor on a Polyimide Substrate 5

Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniqu...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems, FLEPS 2023

作者： Petanil, Lisa Schweizer, Anja Pylatiuk, Christian Stiller, Peter Reichert, Klaus-Martin Gengenbach, Ulrich Ungerer, Martin Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665457330

Inkjet-printing of electrochemical sensors is a rapidly developing fabrication method. Careful selection of pre-processing methods, inkjet-printing parameters, and post-processing methods is crucial for the features of the final sensor. In particular the interaction of inks and substrate is essential for setting the pre- and post-processing conditions as well as the inkjet-printing parameters. Here, commercial gold, silver, and passivation inks are printed onto a Polyimide substrate and investigated with different processing parameters. A literature search has shown that there is a lack of systematic investigation of the processing conditions for this material combination. Optimal processing parameters are presented here for this combination of materials. With the identified processing parameters, we reproducibly achieve low resistivities for gold and silver nanoparticle inks. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles

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Demand Response in Smart Districts: Model Predictive Control of Building Cooling

Demand Response in Smart Districts: Model Predictive Control...

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2022 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe, ISGT-Europe 2022

作者： Zwickel, Philipp Frahm, Moritz Galenzowski, Johannes Hafele, Karl-Heinz Maab, Heiko Waczowicz, Simon Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665480321

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480321

The present paper develops and compares three different Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies for Demand Response (DR) of building cooling in a "smart district": Decentralized MPC (DeMPC), Centralized MPC (CeMPC), and scheduled Distributed MPC (DiMPC). A standard DeMPC approach leads to peaks in aggregated cooling power demand, as local controlling agents optimize each building decentrally. Because these peaks can stress the local power grid severely, we present and compare two additional MPC approaches, CeMPC and DiMPC, to enforce a constraint on the aggregated power use of the district. Our simulation results show that CeMPC and scheduled DiMPC reduce the peak load of the total cooling power in the district by 50 % while still providing DR and cooling the buildings adequately. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Vibrational Control for Energy Balancing in Modular Multilevel Converters 65

Vibrational Control for Energy Balancing in Modular Multilev...

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65th IEEE Annual International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, RTUCON 2024

作者： Kastner, Adam Groll, Lutz Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365771

In order to balance the stored energy between the branches of a modular multilevel converter, an output-invisible control allocation strategy is used. A vibrational control approach, modeled via higher-order averaging methods, is applied to provide additional input variables that enable controlling the one-period average of all branch energies at the same time. Stability analysis of the linearized control loop including the moving average filter is performed using a delay model approach, for which careful handling of a removable singularity at zero is necessary. A finite-order discrete-time approximation of the delay system is used for optimization of the controller parameters. The potential of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated in simulation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Delay control systems

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Grid Aware Portfolio Optimization of a Multi-Energy DER

Grid Aware Portfolio Optimization of a Multi-Energy DER

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2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2024

作者： Grafenhorst, Simon Demirel, Gökhan Förderer, Kevin Hagenmeyer, Veit Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395075

With the rapid increase in distributed generation and demanding loads such as heat pumps and electric vehicle chargers, the distribution grid is increasingly congested, and devices must be curtailed. In many cases, this can be avoided by installing a flexibility providing Distributed Energy Resource (DER) and considering the congestion of the grid in the planning process of the DER. Although previous studies have examined the design and com-position of DERs, the surrounding electrical grid is often not considered. The present paper extends these studies and shows how the portfolio of a complex multi-energy DER can be designed to be cost-optimal for a specific location i n t he grid while simultaneously providing grid-supporting services. For this purpose, an algorithm is outlined that minimizes the total cost of the D ER, i.e., investment and operation, while relieving the surrounding electrical grid. Two case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of using such a multi-energy DER to reduce line utilization in the distribution system, thereby preventing curtailment of renewable generation at minimal cost. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Distributed energy

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Experimental Analysis of Immersion & Invariance Adaptive Control for an Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter with Unknown Load Type

Experimental Analysis of Immersion & Invariance Adaptive Con...

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2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, ISGT EUROPE 2023

作者： Wachter, Jan Gröll, Lutz Hagenmeyer, Veit Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350396782

The retrofit of the energy system leads to new challenges for the control of power electronic devices. To account for parametric uncertainties of passive elements, or unknown ambient conditions in real-world applications, the use of proportional-integral (PI) controllers in cascaded schemes is common. Observer based adaptive control approaches can be leveraged to accommodate such uncertainties and at the same time provide parameter estimates and enable model based control approaches. From an application perspective, the question arises about the consequences of wrong modelling assumptions, for example regarding the often unknown load type. In this work an interleaved DC/DC boost converter is considered, that supplies a DC-bus to which generally unknown loads can be connected, such as a grid-tied three phase inverter. This paper illustrates the design of an observer based adaptive controller using the Immersion & Invariance framework with an energy shaping plus damping injection passivity based controller. A highly simplified, large signal plant model as well as the assumption of a purely resistive load are used for the design. The provided experimental results show that the adaptive controller is able to cope with violations of the modeling assumptions concerning the load type in a real-world application scenario. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： adpative control interleaved dc/dc boost converter modelling assumption violation power electronics

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Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies 8

Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

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8th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid, eGRID 2023

作者： Kastner, Adam Groll, Lutz Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327007

It is well-known that the state-space averaged models of buck and boost converters possess the property of differential flatness, which can prove beneficial to control design. This paper investigates the differential flatness of systems that consist of buck and boost converters interconnected at their outputs in three structures, which model DC microgrids with different properties. We present the mathematical form of potential flat outputs which depends on the number of converters of each type. Flatness-based feedforward control is demonstrated in simulations for all three types of interconnection. A numerical solution of the implicit flat parametrization is used where the explicit flat parametrization is not available. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Boost converter

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