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Breakthrough in permanent cooling of instrumentation electronics - Results of systematic experimental & Analytical refrigerant selection, dynamic seals evaluation and robust engine design

Breakthrough in permanent cooling of instrumentation electro...

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Geothermal Resources Council 2018 Annual Meeting: Geothermal's Role in Today's Energy Market, GRC 2018

作者： Holbein, Benedict Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0934412235

In the latest compressor tests for continuous cooling of instrumentation electronics runtimes over 200 hours have been reached. Electronic temperatures have been held below 125°C. Different dynamic seal materials and designs in combination with alcohols and solvents as potential refrigerants are evaluated in an environment with 200°C ambient temperature. The overall target is the completion of a compression cooling system for permanent conditioning of downhole electronics below 100°C, running at ambient temperature above 200°C. This will enable the use of standard electronics providing a huge range of functional flexibility and high computational power for data processing with strongly extended duration of use. Besides reliable temperature conditions are not only beneficial for electronics performance but also for well manipulation, solid sampling, maintenance and other downhole operations that require an extensive electronic complexity. Additional result of ongoing work is the development of components with innovative, experimentally approved design, including an evaporator with capillary transport, high temperature dynamic seals and pistons for minimized damage volume. The currently running experiments on different sub-systems with specifically constructed test-beds are targeting the optimization of process parameters and piecewise merging of a complete cycle. In parallel a compressor engine for increased efficiency based on available HT EC motor was designed. The development of a complete system design for modular extension and integration in instrumentation devices will be completed within the next 5 months. © 2018 International Journal of Caring Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Refrigerants

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Distributed Control of Charging for Electric Vehicle Fleets under Dynamic Transformer Ratings

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Botkin-Levy, Micah Engelmann, Alexander Mühlpfordt, Tillmann Faulwasser, Timm Almassalkhi, Mads Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Institute for Energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany

Due to their large power draws and increasing adoption rates, electric vehicles (EVs) will become a significant challenge for electric distribution grids. However, with proper charging control strategies, the challenge can be mitigated without the need for expensive grid reinforcements. This manuscript presents and analyzes new distributed charging control methods to coordinate EV charging under nonlinear transformer temperature ratings. Specifically, we assess the trade-offs between required data communications, computational efficiency, and optimality guarantees for different control strategies based on a convex relaxation of the underlying nonlinear transformer temperature dynamics. Classical distributed control methods such as those based on dual decomposition and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) are compared against the new Augmented Lagrangian-based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton (ALADIN) method and a novel low-information, look-ahead version of packetized energy management (PEM). These algorithms are implemented and analyzed for two case studies on residential and commercial EV fleets. Simulation results validate the new methods and provide insights into key trade-offs. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Data-driven charging strategies for grid-beneficial, customer-oriented and battery-preserving electric mobility

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Schwenk, Karl Harr, Tim Großmann, René Appino, Riccardo Remo Hagenmeyer, Veit Mikut, Ralf Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany eDrive Innovations Daimler AG Sindelfingen Germany

Electric Vehicle (EV) penetration, renewable energies, and customer orientation of car manufacturers [1] enables synergies between energy supply, vehicle users, and the mobility sector. However, also new challenges arise [2] which we target to examine with three types of agents and their perspectives: EV user, power supplier and car manufacturer. Although many research papers in the literature describe single perspectives, a threefold contemplation of their connections as shown in Fig. 1, is still missing. In the following, we briefly present the single perspectives and respective interactions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automotive industry

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DDoS reflection attack based on IoT: A case study 7th

DDoS reflection attack based on IoT: A case study

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7th Computer Science On-line Conference, CSOC 2018

作者： Šimon, Marek Huraj, Ladislav Horák, Tibor Department of Applied Informatics and Mathematics University of SS. Cyril and Methodius Trnava Slovakia Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Trnava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319911915

Along with the rise of Internet of Things devices the threat of adopting the IoT devices for cyber-attacks has increased. The number of IoT devices would be more than a billion in the world. Communication potential of such amount of devices is robust and has become more and more interesting for hackers. Mainly DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks carried from IoT devices seem to be a preferred method of attacker last years. This paper illustrates a special type of DDoS attack using commonly available IoT devices called reflection attack which does not need to compromise the IoT devices. In reflection attacks, the attacker tries to use an innocent third party item to send the attack traffic to a victim to launch a distributed flooding attack, and to hide the attackers’ own identity. To demonstrate this type of attack, we consider the case of three categories of IoT devices: smart light-bulb (primarily used just for control of the intensity and color of the lights in a room), IP camera (digital video camera commonly employed for surveillance directly accessible over a network connection) and Raspberry Pi device (representing a single board computer). The paper demonstrates the potential of the IoT devices to be involved into such attack as well as first insight into communication traffic. © 2019, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

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Flat Hybrid Automata as a Class of Reachable Systems: Introductory Theory and Examples

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Kleinert, Tobias Hagenmeyer, Veit Technical Site Services Automation BASF Schwarzheide GmbH Schwarzheide Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Controlling hybrid systems is mostly very challenging due to the variety of dynamics these systems can exhibit. Inspired by the concept of differential flatness of nonlinear continuous systems and their inherent invertibility property, the present contribution is focused on explicit input trajectory calculation. To this end, a new class of hybrid systems called Flat Hybrid Automata is introduced as a realisation of deterministic, reachable and explicitly invertible hybrid automata. Relevant system properties are derived, an approach for construction and for trajectory calculation is proposed and two demonstrative examples are presented. The results constitute a generalisation of control of invertible hybrid systems which is very useful if, e.g., fast reaction for stabilisation or transitions is *** Codes 93C30 Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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Detection and Localization of Manipulated Smart Meters Using Super State Hidden Markov Models

Detection and Localization of Manipulated Smart Meters Using...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Gridss

作者： Raoul Gabriel Jorg Matthes Hubert B. Keller Veit Hagenmeyer Research & Development ci-Tec GmbH Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781538681008

Manipulated energy metering devices lead not only to severe economic damages, they also can directly lead to unfortunate decisions concerning stable grid operation, especially for Smart Grids of the future with less and less rotating inertia and more and more volatile infeed of renewables. For this reason, we propose in the present paper a new manipulation detection method using Super State Hidden Markov Models (SSHMMs) in combination with an additional central metering device. The proposed new method does not only allow the detection of the manipulation of the Smart Meters, but additionally infers which meters are most likely manipulated. Thus, the new method is able to detect attacks on the grid and to pinpoint the manipulated devices, enabling the network provider to initiate further counteractions. The accuracy and effectiveness of the new method are shown by its application to a distribution grid example. It is ready-to-use for network providers of classical distribution grids.

关键词： network provider Power grids Smart meters Smart grids Hidden Markov models Renewable energy new methods grids

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Lockdown effects on air quality in megacities during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Giri, Aswin J. Schäfer, Benjamin Verma, Rulan He, Hankun Nagendra, S.M. Shiva Khare, Mukesh Beck, Christian Indian Institute of Technology Madras India Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India The Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston Road LondonNW1 2DB United Kingdom

Air pollution is among the highest contributors to mortality worldwide, especially in urban areas. During spring 2020, many countries enacted social distancing measures in order to slow down the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A particularly drastic measure, the "lockdown", urged people to stay at home and thereby prevent new COVID-19 infections during the first (2020) and second wave (2021) of the pandemic. In turn, it also reduced traffic and industrial activities. But how much did these lockdown measures improve air quality in large cities, and are there differences in how air quality was affected? Here, we analyse data from two megacities: London as an example for Europe and Delhi as an example for Asia. We consider data during first and second wave lockdowns and compare them to 2019 values. Overall, we find a reduction in almost all air pollutants with intriguing differences between the two cities except Delhi in 2021. In London, despite smaller average concentrations, we still observe high-pollutant states and an increased tendency towards extreme events (a higher kurtosis of the probability density during lockdown) during 2020 and low pollution levels during 2021. For Delhi, we observe a much stronger decrease of pollution concentrations, including high pollution states during 2020 and higher pollution levels in 2021. These results could help to design policies to improve long-term air quality in megacities. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Rate and Spectral Shape of Mo100 from the CUPID-Mo Experiment

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第16期131卷 162501-162501页

作者： C. Augier A. S. Barabash F. Bellini G. Benato M. Beretta L. Bergé J. Billard Yu. A. Borovlev L. Cardani N. Casali A. Cazes E. Celi M. Chapellier D. Chiesa I. Dafinei F. A. Danevich M. De Jesus T. Dixon L. Dumoulin K. Eitel F. Ferri B. K. Fujikawa J. Gascon L. Gironi A. Giuliani V. D. Grigorieva M. Gros D. L. Helis H. Z. Huang R. Huang L. Imbert J. Johnston A. Juillard H. Khalife M. Kleifges V. V. Kobychev Yu. G. Kolomensky S. I. Konovalov J. Kotila P. Loaiza L. Ma E. P. Makarov P. de Marcillac R. Mariam L. Marini S. Marnieros X.-F. Navick C. Nones E. B. Norman E. Olivieri J. L. Ouellet L. Pagnanini L. Pattavina B. Paul M. Pavan H. Peng G. Pessina S. Pirro D. V. Poda O. G. Polischuk S. Pozzi E. Previtali Th. Redon A. Rojas S. Rozov V. Sanglard J. A. Scarpaci B. Schmidt Y. Shen V. N. Shlegel F. Šimkovic V. Singh C. Tomei V. I. Tretyak V. I. Umatov L. Vagneron M. Velázquez B. Ware B. Welliver L. Winslow M. Xue E. Yakushev M. Zarytskyy A. S. Zolotarova Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS/IN2P3 IP2I-Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne France National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute ” Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 117218 Moscow Russia Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 I-00185 Rome Italy INFN Sezione di Roma P.le Aldo Moro 2 I-00185 Rome Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi (AQ) Italy INFN Gran Sasso Science Institute I-67100 L’Aquila Italy University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 IJCLab 91405 Orsay France Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 630090 Novosibirsk Russia Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano-Bicocca I-20126 Milano Italy INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca I-20126 Milano Italy Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU 03028 Kyiv Ukraine INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 I-00133 Rome Italy IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Astroparticle Physics 76021 Karlsruhe Germany Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 People’s Republic of China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Data Processing and Electronics 76021 Karlsruhe Germany National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 117218 Moscow Russia Department of Physics University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland Finnish Institute for Educational Research University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 FI-40014 Jyvaäskylä Finland Center for Theoretical Physics Sloane Physics Laboratory Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8120 USA Physik Department Technische Universität München Garching D-85748 Germany Department of Modern P

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a yet unobserved nuclear process that would demonstrate Lepton number violation, a clear evidence of beyond standard model physics. The process two neutrino double beta decay (2νββ) is allowed by the standard model and has been measured in numerous experiments. In this Letter, we report a measurement of 2νββ decay half-life of Mo100 to the ground state of Ru100 of [7.07±0.02(stat)±0.11(syst)]×1018 yr by the CUPID-Mo experiment. With a relative precision of ±1.6% this is the most precise measurement to date of a 2νββ decay rate in Mo100. In addition, we constrain higher-order corrections to the spectral shape, which provides complementary nuclear structure information. We report a novel measurement of the shape factor ξ3,1=0.45±0.03(stat)±0.05(syst) based on a constraint on the ratio of higher-order terms from theory, which can be reliably calculated. This is compared to theoretical predictions for different nuclear models. We also extract the first value for the effective axial vector coupling constant obtained from a spectral shape study of 2νββ decay.

关键词： Double beta decay Neutrinoless double beta decay Nuclear structure & decays

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Towards automatic embryo staging in 3d+t microscopy images using convolutional neural networks and pointnets

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Traub, Manuel Stegmaier, Johannes Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Automatic analyses and comparisons of different stages of embryonic development largely depend on a highly accurate spatio-temporal alignment of the investigated data sets. In this contribution, we compare multiple approaches to perform automatic staging of developing embryos that were imaged with time-resolved 3D light-sheet microscopy. The methods comprise image-based convolutional neural networks as well as an approach based on the PointNet architecture that directly operates on 3D point clouds of detected cell nuclei centroids. The proof-of-concept experiments with four wild-type zebrafish embryos render both approaches suitable for automatic staging with average deviations of 0.45 − 0.57 hours. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biology

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Modeling of Distributed Ledgers: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Modeling of Distributed Ledgers: Challenges and Future Persp...

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IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, CEC

作者： Sergey Smetanin Aleksandr Ometov Niclas Kannengießer Benjamin Sturm Mikhail Komarov Ali Sunyaev Faculty of Business and Management National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728199269

ISBN: (纸本)9781728199276

Interest in applications based on distributed ledger technology (DLT) is on the rise, with corporations worldwide shifting from simply exploring DLT's potential to creating productive business cases. However, despite the existence of numerous DLT applications, developers are still lacking proper tools and instruments for evaluating system behavior (e.g., performance) of their applications on different distributed ledgers before deployment. Since the behavior of such applications is highly dependent on the characteristics of the distributed ledger they are built upon and changing the distributed ledger after deployment of an application is difficult, selecting the wrong ledger can have severe negative consequences. To address the issue, we conducted an extensive literature review to identify and synthesize published modeling and simulation approaches for distributed ledgers. Based on the results, this paper also presents a research agenda to improve modeling of the system behavior of distributed ledgers and to support the development of distributed ledgers and viable DLT applications. In doing so, we facilitate informed decision-making for suitable modeling or simulation approach, which helps application developers to identify a suitable distributed ledger before implementing an application. In addition, our work contributes to science, as we provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of extant simulation and modeling approaches in DLT that accumulates the current state-of-the-art in the rapidly growing DLT field.

关键词： Analytical models Distributed databases Protocols Bitcoin Throughput

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