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作者： Rieken Munke, Friedrich Rettenberger, Luca Reischl, Markus Popova, Anna Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional and Molecular Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

We introduce a lightweight framework for semantic segmentation that utilizes structured classifiers as an alternative to deep learning methods. Biomedical data is known for being scarce and difficult to label. However, this framework provides a lightweight, easy-to-apply, and fast-to-train approach that can be adapted to changes in image material though efficient retraining. Moreover, the framework is able to adapt to various input sizes making it robust against changes in resolution and is not tied to specialized hardware, which allows efficient application on standard laptops or desktops without GPUs. We benchmark two distinct models, a single structured classifier and an ensemble of structured classifiers, against a U-Net, evaluating overall performance and training speed. The framework is versatile and can be applied to multi-class semantic segmentation. Our study shows that the proposed framework can effectively compete with established deep learning methods on diverse datasets in terms of performance while reducing training time immensely. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Adaptation strategies for tracking constraints under plant-model mismatch

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第18期51卷 833-838页

作者： Singhal, Martand Faulwasser, Timm Bonvin, Dominique Laboratoire d'Automatique École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Optimal operating conditions for a process plant are typically obtained via model-based optimization. However, due to modeling errors, the operating conditions found are often sub-optimal or, worse, they can violate critical process constraints. Hence, model corrections become a necessity and are done by exploiting measured process data. To this end, either model parameters are adapted and/or correction terms are added to the model-based optimization problem. The modifier-adaptation methodology does the latter by adding bias and gradient correction terms that are called modifiers. The role of modifiers and model parameters are often seen as competing, and which one of the two is better suited to track the optimality conditions is an open problem. This paper attempts to shed light on finding a synergy between the model parameters and the modifiers in the case when tracking constraints is sufficient for near-optimal performance. We demonstrate through the simulation study of a batch-to-batch optimization problem that a set of model parameters can be selected that mirror the role of modifiers. The modifiers are then added only when there is insufficient number of mirror parameters for independent constraint tracking. © 2018

关键词： Mirrors

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Design of transformation initiatives implementing organisational agility: an empirical study

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SN Business and Economics 2021年第6期1卷 1-28页

作者： Kovynyov, Ivan Buerck, Axel Mikut, Ralf Imperial College Business School London United Kingdom Kobaltblau Management Consultants GmbH Munich Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

This study uses 125 responses from companies of all sizes predominantly headquartered in Germany, Switzerland, France and UK to reveal perceptions of the drivers of organisational agility. It further investigates current understanding of managing principles of multiple organisational dimensions such as culture, values, leadership, organisational structure, processes and others to achieve greater organisational agility. The data set is disaggregated into four major profiles of agile organisations: laggards, execution specialists, experimenters, and leaders. The approach to agile transformation is analysed by each of those profiles. While the positive effect from a more holistic approach is confirmed, leaders tend to focus more on processes and products rather than project work. Respondents perceive that IT, product development and research are most agile functions within their organisations, while human resources, finance and administration are considered being not agile. Furthermore, organisations with higher levels of organisational agility tend to use more than one agile scaling framework. Implications on theories of agile transformations and organisational design are discussed. © The Author(s) 2021.

关键词： Agile Agile organisations Agile transformation Organisational agility Organisational design

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Block cipher based security for severely resource-constrained implantable medical devices 11

Block cipher based security for severely resource-constraine...

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4th International Symposium on applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies, ISABEL'11

作者： Beck, Christoph Masny, Daniel Geiselmann, Willi Bretthauer, Georg Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Applied Computer Science/Automation Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Cryptography and Security Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309134

A large proportion of today's modern implantable medical devices (IMDs) comprises a wireless interface that enables the IMD to connect to another implanted device or a base station situated outside the body. Due to the various benefits, future IMD generations will certainly increase this number even more, making wireless connectivity for IMDs a matter of course. Since the data originating from biomedical applications usually contain sensitive information, security and privacy are major issues in IMD communications. The key challenge in providing adequate security for IMDs results from the severe size, power, and memory constraints that are inherent to most of the devices. In this paper, we discuss security and privacy design goals specific to resource-constrained IMDs. We then present a block cipher based security protocol featuring two modes: a stream mode aiming at minimizing the radio duty cycle while maintaining basic security and a session mode providing strong security for highly sensitive information and a role-based user authorization scheme. The protocol is presented using the Artificial Accommodation System (AAS) as an example. This novel micro-mechatronic implant is characterized by a high communication need and severe resource constraints. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Cryptography

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Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroids

Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroid...

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作者： Bruch, Roman Vitacolonna, Mario Rudolf, Rüdiger Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany

3D cell culture models are important tools for the development and testing of new therapeutics. In combination with immunoassays and 3D confocal microscopy, crucial information like morphological or metabolic changes can be examined during drug testing. However, a common limitation of immunostainings is the number of dyes that can be imaged simultaneously, as overlaps in the spectral profiles of the different dyes may result in cross talk. We therefore present a 3D deep learning method, able to predict fluorescent stainings of specific antigens on the basis of a nuclei staining. Using the proliferation marker Ki67, we showed that the presented model was able to predict the Ki67 staining with a strong correlation to the real signal. Additional analysis showed, that the model was not relying on signal cross talk. This approach, based on staining of the cell nuclei and subsequent prediction of the target antigen, could reduce the number of parallel antigen stains to a minimum and incompatible staining panels could be circumvented in the future. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Forecasting

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Organic smart home: Architecture for energy management in intelligent buildings

Organic smart home: Architecture for energy management in in...

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8th International Conference on Autonomic Computing, ICAC 2011 and Co-located Workshops - 2011 Workshop on Organic Computing, OC'11

作者： Allerding, Florian Schmeck, Hartmut Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450307369

In this paper, we focus on a real world scenario of energy management of a smart-home. External signals, reflecting the low voltage grid's state, are used to address the challenge of balancing energy demand and generation. A flexible energy management framework for smart buildings is presented, to control the intelligent appliances, decentralized power plants and electrical storages. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Energy management

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Knowledge transfer in IT offshore outsourcing projects: An analysis of the current state and best practices

Knowledge transfer in IT offshore outsourcing projects: An a...

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作者： Betz, Stefanie Oberweis, Andreas Stephan, Rolf Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769541228

Knowledge transfer is one of the most critical success factors in IT offshore outsourcing projects and in many cases extremely underestimated. Compared to in-house or onsite projects, a much higher complexity appears in globally distributed projects. Not only language barriers but also other challenges such as cultural differences, diverse time-zones, distinct methods and approaches, as well as varied infrastructural equipment, may cause problems which negatively impact knowledge transfer, and in consequence, the overall success of a project. In order to minimize risks during knowledge transfer, we conducted a research study based on a literature review and expert interviews. The result of our study was a collection and description of best practices and the development of recommendations by linking proven solutions to identified problem areas. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge management

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Design of aspheric rotation optics

Design of aspheric rotation optics

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Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2019 - Part of Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS

作者： Sieber, Ingo Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Design of a novel varifocal freeform optics with aspheric surface profiles to reduce aberration effects. Its focal length will be tuned by rotating one of two helically formed lens bodies around the optical axis. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580675

关键词： Optical design

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Impact of Annotation Noise on Histopathology Nucleus Segmentation

Impact of Annotation Noise on Histopathology Nucleus Segment...

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作者： Schilling, Marcel P. Ahuja, Niket Rettenberger, Luca Scherr, Tim Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Deep learning is often used for automated diagnosis support in biomedical image processing scenarios. Annotated datasets are essential for the supervised training of deep neural networks. The problem of consistent and noise-free annotation remains for experts such as pathologists. The variability within an annotator (intra) and the variability between annotators (inter) are current challenges. In clinical practice or biology, instance segmentation is a common task, but a comprehensive and quantitative study regarding the impact of noisy annotations lacks. In this paper, we present a concept to categorize and simulate various types of annotation noise as well as an evaluation of the impact on deep learning pipelines. Thereby, we use the multi-organ histology image dataset MoNuSeg to discuss the influence of annotator variability. We provide annotation recommendations for clinicians to achieve high-quality automated diagnostic algorithms. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Unsupervised GAN epoch selection for biomedical data synthesis

Unsupervised GAN epoch selection for biomedical data synthes...

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作者： Böhland, Moritz Bruch, Roman Löffler, Katharina Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Supervised Neural Networks are used for segmentation in many biological and biomedical applications. To omit the time-consuming and tiring process of manual labeling, unsupervised Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be used to synthesize labeled data. However, the training of GANs requires extensive computation and is often unstable. Due to the lack of established stopping criteria, GANs are usually trained multiple times for a heuristically fixed number of epochs. Early stopping and epoch selection can lead to better synthetic datasets resulting in higher downstream segmentation quality on biological or medical data. This article examines whether the Frechet Inception Distance (FID), the Kernel Inception Distance (KID), or the WeightWatcher tool can be used for early stopping or epoch selection of unsupervised GANs. The experiments show that the last trained GAN epoch is not necessarily the best one to synthesize downstream segmentation data. On complex datasets, FID and KID correlate with the downstream segmentation quality, and both can be used for epoch selection. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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