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A novel internal crack detection method for photovoltaic (PV) panels based on the air-coupled ultrasonic

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2025年 392卷

作者： Sun, Tianyi Bai, Tianyang Cao, Shengxian Fan, Siyuan Zhang, Yanhui School of Automation Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Accurately assessing the potential risk of cracks in photovoltaic (PV) panels is crucial for improving the system's energy conversion efficiency and safety. This paper develops a novel internal crack detection device for PV panels based on air-coupled ultrasonics and establishes a dedicated model for PV panel crack detection. Considering the anisotropy of silicon, the Rayleigh–Lamb equation is first used to obtain the dispersion curve of Lamb waves. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is then applied to analyze the A0 mode Lamb wave echo signals within a single cycle to distinguish between cracked and non-cracked regions. Further, the original signal is enhanced using singular value decomposition (SVD) to strengthen the signal features, and a direct relationship model between the signal echo and the crack length is proposed. Finally, the model's validity is verified by measuring actual crack data from PV panels. The results show that the optimal frequency of Lamb waves for crack detection in PV panels is 200 kHz, with an attenuation coefficient of 6.4 dB/mm and incidence and exit angles of 11°. Compared to electroluminescence (EL) and inductive thermal imaging methods, the proposed approach achieves higher accuracy, reaching 84.26%. © 2025

关键词： Image enhancement

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Torque Characteristic Analyses and Multi-Objective Optimisation of Multi-Layer Flux-Barrier Less-Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

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IET Electric Power Applications 2025年第1期19卷

作者： Wang, Weinan Gong, Weize Zhu, Liangkuan Wei, Jian Wang, Mingqiao Liu, Yong Zheng, Ping College of Computer and Control Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

This paper investigates the torque characteristic and multi-objective optimisation (MOO) of the multi-layer flux-barrier less-rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous machine (MLFB-LRE-PMSM) used for the electric vehicles (EVs). This study explores the variation of torque characteristics with current angle under different winding current conditions, and thoroughly analyses the influence of permanent magnet (PM) structure parameters on reluctance torque, PM torque and the proportion of reluctance torque in the electromagnetic torque. On this basis, the sensitivity analysis method based on Sobol sequence and joint Sobol index is adopted, which not only simplifies the traditional analysis process, but also effectively considers the interaction effect between the optimisation objectives. Finally, a cooperative optimisation strategy of improved whale optimisation algorithm (WOA) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed, which is successfully applied to the MOO design of MLFB-LRE-PMSM. The results show that the improved WOA algorithm shows excellent optimisation performance and can be used as a new solution in the field of motor optimisation. At the same time, the engineering practicability of the proposed collaborative optimisation scheme is verified by finite element simulation. © 2025 The Author(s). IET Electric Power Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

关键词： Synchronous machinery

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Deep Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Manipulation for Whip Targeting

Deep Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Manipulation for Whip...

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IEEE International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots (SIMPAR)

作者： Xiang Bai Junyi Wang Xiaofeng Xiong Evangelos Boukas Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark Automation and Control Group Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark SDU Biorobotics Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9798331516857

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516864

This paper aims at a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller for fast (< 1.5s) manipulation of a flexible tool (i.e., whip) to hit a target in 3D space. The controller consists of a DRL algorithm for optimizing joint motions, and a proportional-derivative (PD) mechanism for tracking the optimized motions. Their objective is to minimize the distance between the whip-end-tip and the target. The proposed controller was validated in a 7-DOF robot arm by comparing four DRL algorithms in the physical simulator MuJoCo. It shows that the proximal policy optimization (PPO) outperforms others by obtaining the maximum average reward. Notably, PPO can still effectively interact with the environment under sparse or even unrewarding conditions, making it a robust choice for complex and dynamic tasks. Our work provides preliminary knowledge of DRL applications to fast robotic arm control in flexible object manipulation.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Target tracking Heuristic algorithms Programming Aerospace electronics Deep reinforcement learning Manipulators Optimization Autonomous robots

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DenseSplat: Densifying Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Neural Radiance Prior

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Mingrui Liu, Shuhong Deng, Tianchen Wang, Hongyu the Department of Computer Science Dalian University of Technology Dalian China the Department of Mechano-informatics Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Institute of Medical Robotics Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education China

Gaussian SLAM systems excel in real-time rendering and fine-grained reconstruction compared to NeRF-based systems. However, their reliance on extensive keyframes is impractical for deployment in real-world robotic systems, which typically operate under sparse-view conditions that can result in substantial holes in the map. To address these challenges, we introduce DenseSplat, the first SLAM system that effectively combines the advantages of NeRF and 3DGS. DenseSplat utilizes sparse keyframes and NeRF priors for initializing primitives that densely populate maps and seamlessly fill gaps. It also implements geometry-aware primitive sampling and pruning strategies to manage granularity and enhance rendering efficiency. Moreover, DenseSplat integrates loop closure and bundle adjustment, significantly enhancing frame-to-frame tracking accuracy. Extensive experiments on multiple large-scale datasets demonstrate that DenseSplat achieves superior performance in tracking and mapping compared to current state-of-the-art methods. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Real time systems

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UGNA-VPR: A Novel Training Paradigm for Visual Place Recognition Based on Uncertainty-Guided NeRF Augmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shen, Yehui Zhang, Lei Li, Qingqiu Zhao, Xiongwei Wang, Yue Lu, Huimin Chen, Xieyuanli College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology China Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering Northeastern University China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University China SIASUN Robot& Automation Co. Ltd China School of Computer Science Fudan University China

Visual place recognition (VPR) is crucial for robots to identify previously visited locations, playing an important role in autonomous navigation in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, most existing VPR datasets are limited to single-viewpoint scenarios, leading to reduced recognition accuracy, particularly in multi-directional driving or feature-sparse scenes. Moreover, obtaining additional data to mitigate these limitations is often expensive. This paper introduces a novel training paradigm to improve the performance of existing VPR networks by enhancing multi-view diversity within current datasets through uncertainty estimation and NeRF-based data augmentation. Specifically, we initially train NeRF using the existing VPR dataset. Then, our devised self-supervised uncertainty estimation network identifies places with high uncertainty. The poses of these uncertain places are input into NeRF to generate new synthetic observations for further training of VPR networks. Additionally, we propose an improved storage method for efficient organization of augmented and original training data. We conducted extensive experiments on three datasets and tested three different VPR backbone networks. The results demonstrate that our proposed training paradigm significantly improves VPR performance by fully utilizing existing data, outperforming other training approaches. We further validated the effectiveness of our approach on self-recorded indoor and outdoor datasets, consistently demonstrating superior results. Our dataset and code have been released at https://***/nubot-nudt/UGNA-VPR. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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A Parallel Read-Write Circuit With Fast Amplitude-Adaptive Matching Scheme to Memristor Crossbar Array

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2025年

作者： Jiang, Ningye Jiang, Mingxuan Huang, Haoen Yang, Le Huang, Yi Zeng, Zhigang Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education of China Wuhan430074 China Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Information Engineering Wuhan430205 China University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AmherstMA01003 United States

Memristor crossbar array (MCA) is a computing-in-memory (CIM) module for computational acceleration. However, conventional read-write (R-W) circuits for MCA rely heavily on external components and have shortcoming in long writing times. To address these issues, we propose a parallel R-W circuit with a fast amplitude-adaptive matching (AAM) scheme. The fast AAM scheme is designed to accelerate time of writing memristors in MCA by adaptively adjusting the writing voltage to match an optimal amplitude. The architecture of parallel R-W circuit are outlined with the implementation of R-W processes. The design principles of parallel R-W unit, fast AAM unit, and associated control logic are described for analyzing their functions within the circuit. By integrating the parallel R-W circuit with MCA, a computing block is leveraged in a neural network for classification tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that the neural network with multiple computing blocks maintains high accuracy across various datasets (over 80%). Furthermore, the proposed AAM scheme achieves an average 54% reduction in writing time compared to that one without AAM scheme. Compared to the pulse-width scheme, the parallel R-W circuit exhibits an average 3.05× speedup in adjusting a 5×5 MCA, and the speedup efficiency is higher as the increases of MCA size. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Memristors

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Curiosity and Affect-Driven Cognitive Architecture for HRI

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年

作者： Berto, Leticia Tanevska, Ana Cirne, Azamor Costa, Paula Simoes, Alexandre Gudwin, Ricardo Rea, Francesco Colombini, Esther Sciutti, Alessandra State University of Campinas Institute of Computing Campinas Brazil Italian Institute of Technology CONTACT Unit Genoa Italy Uppsala University Department of Information Technology Uppsala Sweden Federal University of Paraiba Department of Finance and Accounting João Pessoa Brazil State University of Campinas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas Brazil São Paulo State University Department of Control and Automation Engineering Sorocaba Brazil

This study explores how humans and cognitive robots with different value systems and motivations understand each other's needs in free-form interactions. We developed a cognitive architecture that links sensing and perception to internal motivation and an intrinsic value system for determining actions. Inspired by young children's needs, this architecture includes three drives: learning, interaction, and recharging, each with varying dependence on the human partner. We aimed to assess how experimentally changing the importance of these drives within a fixed architecture affects interaction dynamics with human partners (acting as caregivers) and their understanding of the robot's needs. By adjusting the learning and interaction drives, we created two robot profiles: Playful, which prioritizes environmental exploration and playfulness to reduce boredom, and Social, which focuses on social interaction through touch and visual contact to increase comfort. Our findings show that changing the importance of these drives produces distinct behaviors and human perceptions. Robot behaviors matched their profiles, and participants adapted their responses accordingly. Participants identified and attributed distinct traits to each robot without knowing the specific profiles. Despite variability among human partners, the robots, especially the playful one, were generally well understood by most participants. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robot learning

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Barrier Offset Varying-Parameter Dynamic Learning Network for Solving Dual-Arms Human-Like Behavior Generation

引用

IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhijun Zhang, Mingyang Guo, Jinjia He, Haotian School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640 China Key Library of Autonomous Systems and Network Control Ministry of Education China Jiangxi Thousand Talents Plan Nanchang University Nanchang330031 China Guangzhou510335 China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation School of Mechanical Engineering Shanxi University of Technology Hanzhong723001 China School of Information Science and Engineering Changsha Normal University Changsha410100 China School of Automation Science and Engineering Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming525000 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Jishou University Jishou416000 China

Enabling robots to imitate human actions and perform tasks with high precision while avoiding potential obstacles in the environment can effectively enhance the interaction between social robots and humans. In this paper, to achieve higher precision trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance for dual-arm humanoid robots, the barrier offset varying-parameter dynamic learning neural (BOVDL) network method is proposed and applied to dual-arm humanoid behavior generation scheme. To do so, a dual-arms humanoid robot model is set up, and transformed into a constrained time-varying quadratic programming (TVQP) problem. Secondly, by using lagrangian multiplier method and Karush-Kuhn-Tuchker condition, the inequality constrained TVQP is converted as a time-varying equation with a barrier parameter. Thirdly, a varying-parameter dynamic learning network is presented to solve the time-varying equation with a barrier parameter. computer simulation experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of the proposed BOVDL network method. Experimental results show that all 14 joints of the humanoid robot's arms are within the motion range of each real human arm's physical constraints. The maximum position error and velocity error between the desired trajectory and the actual trajectory of the end effector are less than 10-6m magnitude and 10-7m magnitude, respectively, representing a reduction of 5 orders of magnitude compared to the traditional varying-parameter convergent-differential neural network. Furthermore, the proposed method also enables the dual-arm humanoid robot to avoid collisions with obstacles while performing tasks, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed BOVDL network scheme. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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2M3DF: Advancing 3D Industrial Defect Detection with Multi Perspective Multimodal Fusion Network

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Asad, Mujtaba Azeem, Waqar Jiang, He Mustafa, Hafiz Tayyab Yang, Jie Liu, Wei Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China Lahore Garrison University Department of Software Engineering Lahore54000 Pakistan China University of Mining and Technology School of Information and Control Engineering Jiangsu Xuzhou221116 China Zhejiang Normal University School of Computer Science and Technology Jinhua321004 China

In the context of Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD), ensuring the quality of manufactured products is critical. Traditional 2D based methods often fail to capture anomalies present in complex 3D shapes. For effective anomaly detection in 3D shapes, it is essential to incorporate global semantic context, local geometric structure, and color information of the object. To fully leverage these features, we propose a network named 2M3DF, that leverages knowledge from multi-view RGB images and corresponding point cloud information for enhanced anomaly detection performance. Our model initially employs pre-trained feature extractors that generate local features from multi-view RGB images and corresponding point clouds. The novel inter-modality feature representation and fusion module first adapts these inter-modality features and then effectively aligns and aggregates these multimodality features on a pixel-to-point basis. To learn the normality from point-wise fused multimodal features, we fit a multivariate Gaussian distribution to model the normal feature distribution. Comprehensive experimental evaluations using the MVTec3D-AD and Eyecandies dataset validate the effectiveness of our propose model and demonstrate significant improvements in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods. Our model achieves a 96.6% mean I-AUROC while delivering real-time results. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Normal distribution

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Distributed Event-Triggered Bandit Convex Optimization With Time-Varying Constraints

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IEEE Transactions on control of Network Systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Kunpeng Yi, Xinlei Wen, Guanghui Cao, Ming Johansson, Karl H. Chai, Tianyou Yang, Tao Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110819 China Ministry of Education Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai201210 China Southeast University School of Automation Nanjing210096 China University of Groningen Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen Faculty of Science and Engineering GroningenAG 9747 Netherlands KTH Royal Institute of Technology Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm10044 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Digital Futures Stockholm10044 Sweden

This paper considers the distributed bandit convex optimization problem with time-varying inequality constraints over a network of agents, where the goal is to minimize network regret and cumulative constraint violation. Existing distributed online algorithms solving this problem require that each agent broadcasts its decision to its neighbors at each iteration. However, communication resources are often limited. To better utilize communication resources, we propose a distributed event-triggered online primal-dual algorithm with two-point bandit feedback. Under several classes of appropriately chosen decreasing parameter sequences and non-increasing event-triggered threshold sequences, we establish dynamic network regret and network cumulative constraint violation bounds. These bounds are comparable to the results achieved by distributed event-triggered online algorithms with full-information feedback. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the theoretical results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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