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Artificial Intelligence without Restriction Surpassing Human Intelligence with Probability One: Theoretical Insight into Secrets of the Brain with AI Twins of the Brain

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Guang-Bin Westover, M. Brandon Tan, Eng-King Wang, Haibo Cui, Dongshun Ma, Wei-Ying Wang, Tiantong He, Qi Wei, Haikun Wang, Ning Tian, Qiyuan Lam, Kwok-Yan Yao, Xin Wong, Tien Yin School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing China Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston United States Department of Neurology National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China Duke-NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Mind PointEye Singapore Institute for AI Industry Research Tsinghua University Beijing China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Singapore AI Safety Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Data Science Lingnan University Hong Kong School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Tsinghua Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical question which would affect human sustainability remains open: Will artificial intelligence (AI) evolve to surpass human intelligence in the future? This paper shows that in theory new AI twins with fresh cellular level of AI techniques for neuroscience could approximate the brain and its functioning systems (e.g. perception and cognition functions) with any expected small error and AI without restrictions could surpass human intelligence with probability one in the end. This paper indirectly proves the validity of the conjecture made by Frank Rosenblatt 70 years ago about the potential capabilities of AI, especially in the realm of artificial neural networks. This paper also gives the answer to the two widely discussed fundamental questions: 1) whether AI could have potentials of discovering new principles in nature;2) whether error backpropagation (BP) algorithm commonly and efficiently used in tuning parameters in AI applications is also adopted in the brain. Intelligence is just one of fortuitous but sophisticated creations of the nature which has not been fully discovered. Like mathematics and physics, with no restrictions artificial intelligence would lead to a new subject with its self-contained systems and principles. We anticipate that this paper opens new doors for 1) AI twins and other AI techniques to be used in cellular level of efficient neuroscience dynamic analysis, functioning analysis of the brain and brain illness solutions;2) new worldwide collaborative scheme for interdisciplinary teams concurrently working on and modelling different types of neurons and synapses and different level of functioning subsystems of the brain with AI techniques;3) development of low energy of AI techniques with the aid of fundament

关键词： Neurology

Large-scale hyperspectral image clustering using contrastive learning

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cai, Yaoming Zhang, Zijia Liu, Yan Ghamisi, Pedram Li, Kun Liu, Xiaobo Cai, Zhihua School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology Freiberg09599 Germany Vienna1030 Austria College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Automation China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China

Clustering of hyperspectral images is a fundamental but challenging task. The recent development of hyperspectral image clustering has evolved from shallow models to deep and achieved promising results in many benchmark datasets. However, their poor scalability, robustness, and generalization ability, mainly resulting from their offline clustering scenarios, greatly limit their application to large-scale hyperspectral data. To circumvent these problems, we present a scalable deep online clustering model, named Spectral-Spatial Contrastive Clustering (SSCC), based on self-supervised learning. Specifically, we exploit a symmetric twin neural network comprised of a projection head with a dimensionality of the cluster number to conduct dual contrastive learning from a spectral-spatial augmentation pool. We define the objective function by implicitly encouraging withincluster similarity and reducing between-cluster redundancy. The resulting approach is trained in an end-to-end fashion by batch-wise optimization, making it robust in large-scale data and resulting in good generalization ability for unseen data. Extensive experiments on three hyperspectral image benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and show that we advance the state-of-the-art approaches by large margins. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectroscopy

A hierarchical conditional random field-based attention mechanism approach for gastric histopathology image classification

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Yixin Wu, Xinran Li, Chen Sun, Changhao Rahaman, Md Chen, Haoyuan Yao, Yudong Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yong Jiang, Tao Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering Northeastern University China Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ07030 United States China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute Shenyang China Control Engineering College Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China

In the Gastric Histopathology Image Classification (GHIC) tasks, which are usually weakly supervised learning missions, there is inevitably redundant information in the images. Therefore, designing networks that can focus on distinguishing features has become a popular research topic. In this paper, to accomplish the tasks of GHIC superiorly and assist pathologists in clinical diagnosis, an intelligent Hierarchical Conditional Random Field based Attention Mechanism (HCRF-AM) model is proposed. The HCRF-AM model consists of an Attention Mechanism (AM) module and an Image Classification (IC) module. In the AM module, an HCRF model is built to extract attention regions. In the IC module, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is trained with the attention regions selected, and then an algorithm called Classification Probability-based Ensemble Learning is applied to obtain the image-level results from the patch-level output of the CNN. In the experiment, a classification specificity of 96:67% is achieved on a gastric histopathology dataset with 700 images. Our HCRF-AM model demonstrates high classification performance and shows its effectiveness and future potential in the GHIC field. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image classification

Variational Distillation for Multi-View Learning

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tian, Xudong Zhang, Zhizhong Wang, Cong Zhang, Wensheng Qu, Yanyun Ma, Lizhuang Wu, Zongze Xie, Yuan Tao, Dacheng School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China The Distributed and Parallel Software Laboratory 2012 Labs Huawei Technologies Hangzhou China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Information Science and Technology Xiamen University Fujian361005 China School of Computer Science and Techology East China Normal University Shanghai China The School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China JD Exploer Academy China The University of Sydney Australia

Information Bottleneck (IB) based multi-view learning provides an information theoretic principle for seeking shared information contained in heterogeneous data descriptions. However, its great success is generally attributed to estimate the multivariate mutual information which is intractable when the network becomes complicated. Moreover, the representation learning tradeoff, i.e., prediction-compression and sufficiency-consistency tradeoff, makes the IB hard to satisfy both requirements simultaneously. In this paper, we design several variational information bottlenecks to exploit two key characteristics (i.e., sufficiency and consistency) for multi-view representation learning. Specifically, we propose a Multi-View Variational Distillation (MV2D) strategy to provide a scalable, flexible and analytical solution to fitting MI by giving arbitrary input of viewpoints but without explicitly estimating it. Under rigorously theoretical guarantee, our approach enables IB to grasp the intrinsic correlation between observations and semantic labels, producing predictive and compact representations naturally. Also, our information-theoretic constraint can effectively neutralize the sensitivity to heterogeneous data by eliminating both task-irrelevant and view-specific information, preventing both tradeoffs in multiple view cases. To verify our theoretically grounded strategies, we apply our approaches to various benchmarks under three different applications. Extensive experiments to quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach against state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

Pinning boundary sampled-data synchronization of coupled reaction–diffusion neural networks

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Neurocomputing 2025年 648卷

作者： Zi-Peng Wang Bo-Ming Chen Junfei Qiao Biao Luo Huai-Ning Wu Tingwen Huang Guangwei Chen School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System and Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China School of Automation Central South University Changsha 410083 China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518107 China

In this paper, the pinning boundary sampled-data (SD) synchronization problem of coupled reaction–diffusion neural networks (CRDNNs) with SD-based couplings is investigated under boundary and distributed SD measurements. First, a pinning boundary SD controller is designed to effectively address the synchronization problem of CRDNNs, utilizing boundary and distributed SD measurements and requiring only a small number of sensors and actuators. Then, linear matrix inequalities provide adequate conditions that ensure exponential stability of the synchronization error system by using the designed pinning boundary SD controller, derived through inequality techniques and Lyapunov functionals. Finally, we present a numerical example to showcase the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed pinning boundary SD synchronization method.

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A Learner Model Integrating Cognitive and Metacognitive And Its Application on Scratch Programming Projects

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第5期53卷 644-649页

作者： Sifeng Jing Ying Tang Xiwei Liu Xiaoyan Gong The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Smart Education Systems Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries Qingdao 266044 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 USA

learner’s cognitive and metacognitive are key personal profile for individualized teaching. To evaluate learner’s comprehensive characteristics, existing learner model were reviewed. Two challenges of constructing an accurate and comprehensive learner model integrating cognitive and metacognitive were summarized. A plan of constructing a comprehensive learner model was made based on analysis of existing massive online learning environment, sensor information technology and educational data-mining. As a case study, a method of how to map learning data onto learners’ cognitive and metacognitive was proposed based on an analysis of a number of pupils’ Scratch projects. Three mapping table were established. Pupil’s cognitive skill could be evaluated from technology shown from Scratch project, namely, data structure, algorithm, computational practices and overall evaluation. Content shown from Scratch project were used to infer pupil’s cognitive style. Meta-cognitive ability can be measured from computational practices and behavior in programming process.

关键词： learner model cognitive state metacognitive ability individualized teaching

An Efficient Evolutionary Algorithm for High-Speed Train Rescheduling Under a Partial Station Blockage

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Rongsheng Zhang, Qi Dai, Xuewu Yuan, Zhiming Zhang, Tao Ding, Shuxin Jin, Yaochu China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Beijing100081 China Signal and Communication Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Beijing100081 China Train Operation Control Laboratory for High-Speed Railway National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Faculty of Technology Bielefeld University BielefeldD-33615 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom

This paper investigates the high-speed train rescheduling (HSTR) problem under a partial station blockage and proposes an efficient problem-specific strengthen elitist genetic algorithm (PS-SEGA) for HSTR. An HSTR model that is subject to train operation constraints is established to minimize the total train delay. The PS-SEGA framework consists of the following main steps. Firstly, a permutation-based encoding method is developed to define an efficient search space based on a train departure sequence. A decoding method is employed to output the rescheduled timetable and objective value based on the departure sequence. Moreover, a hybrid initialization method involving an efficient heuristic strategy (EHS) is put forward to accelerate the convergence speed of Evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Using problem-specific knowledge, EHS generates an efficient and feasible solution for the initial population. Finally, a restart strategy is presented to maintain genetic diversity. Compared with other advanced EAs and their improved variants also using the PS-SEGA framework, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PS-SEGA for addressing HSTR scenarios under the partial station blockage. As for the scenarios that CPLEX can not obtain optimal solutions within 10 minutes, PS-SEGA can all provide quasi-optimal solutions in real-time. Furthermore, compared with the other two strategies (i.e., First-Scheduled-First-Served and EHS), PS-SEGA can find the best departure sequence that can output the timetable with a quasi-optimal solution. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

Neural-Network-Based Terminal Sliding Mode control for Frequency Stabilization of Renewable Power Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第3期5卷 706-717页

作者： Dianwei Qian Guoliang Fan School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

This paper addresses a terminal sliding mode control(T-SMC) method for load frequency control(LFC) in renewable power systems with generation rate constraints(GRC).A two-area interconnected power system with wind turbines is taken into account for simulation studies. The terminal sliding mode controllers are assigned in each area to achieve the LFC goal. The increasing complexity of the nonlinear power system aggravates the effects of system uncertainties. Radial basis function neural networks(RBF NNs) are designed to approximate the entire uncertainties. The terminal sliding mode controllers and the RBF NNs work in parallel to solve the LFC problem for the renewable power system. Some simulation results illustrate the feasibility and validity of the presented scheme.

关键词： Generation rate constraint(GRC) load frequency control(LFC) radial basis function neural networks(RBF NNs) renewable power system terminal sliding mode control(T-SMC)

controlling CAN Servo Step Drives and Their Remote Monitoring by Using Protocol OPC UA

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Controlling CAN Servo Step Drives and Their Remote Monitorin...

International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon)

作者： G Martinov A Issa L Martinova dept. Computer control systems Institute of Automation and Robotics Moscow Russia

The diverse requirements of customers in automation systems increase the need for improved adaptability, flexibility and of simplicity production processes. which creates new horizons for modern production systems. Fortunately, the achievements of the Industry 4.0 (fourth industrial revolution) have provided many solutions to these problems. In this study, an OPC UA-based solution is proposed for monitoring the working process of CAN servo drives. By integrating C++ based OPC UA libraries to implement common OPC UA functionality and developing protocol of interaction between the kernel of CNC system and OPC UA server. The aim of this work is to ensure the connection mechanism between OPC UA Server of CNC system and OPC UA clients which are currently existed on the market. This flexible model allows users to remotely tune and set up CAN servo drives and monitor their work.

关键词： Servers Libraries Servomotors automation Monitoring C++ languages Protocols