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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Xiao Wen, Xinyi Schäfer, Benjamin Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, characterised by low inertia and intermittent disturbances, presents substantial challenges to power system stability. As critical indicators of system stability, frequency dynamics and associated oscillatory phenomena have attracted significant research attention. While existing studies predominantly employ linearized models, our findings demonstrate that linear approximations exhibit considerable errors when predicting frequency oscillation dynamics across multiple time scales, thus necessitating the incorporation of nonlinear characteristics. This paper proposes a data-driven approach based on higher-order dynamical mode decomposition (HODMD) for learning frequency dynamics. The proposed method offers distinct advantages over alternative nonlinear methods, including no prior knowledge required, adaptability to high-dimensional systems, and robust performance. Furthermore, HODMD demonstrates superior capability in capturing system-wide spatio-temporal modes, successfully identifying modal behaviour that remains undetectable through standard Dynamic Mode Decomposition techniques. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated through comprehensive case studies on both IEEE 14-bus and WECC systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic mode decomposition

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A Spatial Decomposition Method for Solving the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem 7

A Spatial Decomposition Method for Solving the Security-Cons...

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7th IEEE International Humanitarian Technologies Conference, IHTC 2024

作者： Madhusoodhanan, Arjun Kumar Giuntoli, Marco Schmitt, Susanne Harjunkoski, Iiro Poland, Jan Leibfried, Thomas Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Electrical Energy Systems and High Voltage Technology Karlsruhe Germany Hitachi Energy Research Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354645

Today, we are experiencing exponential growth in distributed energy sources and storage systems, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which participate in the day-ahead energy market. Moreover, the need for energy market coupling to ensure social welfare maximization and grid security makes the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problem more challenging due to the increasing problem size. This work proposes a novel approach for solving the SCUC problem in a distributed manner by decomposing the grid into multiple areas connected by tie-lines. The solution leverages the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the problem efficiently. The proposed Spatially Decomposed SCUC method significantly reduces the computational burden arising from the combinatorial nature of the problem. The speed-up and optimality of the proposed method is validated on the IEEE 118-bus and RTE 6468-bus systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Commerce

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IoT Device Using LoRaWAN for Data Transfer for Long Distances 6th

IoT Device Using LoRaWAN for Data Transfer for Long Distance...

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6th Computational Methods in Systems and Software, CoMeSySo 2022

作者： Horák, Tibor Střelec, Peter Kováč, Szabolcs Nemlaha, Eduard Tanuška, Pavol Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Trnava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031214349

IoT devices can advantageously be used to monitor various variables. IoT communication is usually limited to shorter distances. The presented IoT device design allows use for areas where the data needs to be secured over longer distances and the frequency of sending is uncritical for control. It can be used for farmers or for cities where data sending can be done by multiple, must secure the communication of IoT device over long distances. LoRaWAN is one option to provide this type of communication. The demonstration is an IoT device that monitors soil moisture and provides data collection. The prepared IoT device can be used for designing IoT devices where data transmission over longer distances needs to be achieved. Collecting data using an IoT device, in this way, allow data to be obtained for analysis. The protocol can impact the power consumption of a device. The design of the IoT device is implemented in a way that it can be functional for as long as possible on battery power. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Chirp spread spectrum IoT LoRa transmits LoRaWAN

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Implementation of Digital Shadow Concept in the Field of Industrial automation 11

Implementation of Digital Shadow Concept in the Field of Ind...

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11th International Scientific Conference on Computer Science, COMSCI 2023

作者： Peter, Radovan Juhas, Martin Juhasova, Bohuslava Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Trnava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325256

We are currently witnessing a gradual increase in interest in digital shadow and digital twin solutions in the field of industrial automation. These solutions require advanced approaches in the process of their creation and are gradually becoming an integral part of industrial automation. This paper focuses on the creation of a digital shadow of a physical robotic cell and progressively goes through all the phases from the analysis of communication problems through the design of possible solutions to the actual implementation of one of the proposed solutions. The connection between the virtual robotic cell and the industrial camera is based on the processing of the data sent by the camera located above the physical robotic cell. This data is processed by a program in the PLC and then transferred to the virtual environment of the digital shadow by communication between the two OPC servers. This paper provides a more detailed overview of one possible technique for connecting the virtual environment with the physical robotic cell. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Suitability of MQTT and REST Communication Protocols for AIoT or IIoT Devices Based on ESP32 S3 1

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6th Computational Methods in Systems and Software, CoMeSySo 2022

作者： Nemlaha, Eduard Střelec, Peter Horák, Tibor Kováč, Szabolcs Tanuška, Pavol Institute of Applied Informatics Automation and Mechatronics Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Trnava Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9783031214356

ISBN: (纸本)9783031214349

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are not just simple devices anymore. The introduction of industry IoT (IIoT) and Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) creates new challenges in terms of communication. The presented comparation shows the advantages and disadvantages of two communication protocols, which are suitable for new coming generation of IoT devices. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Representational State Transfer (REST) can provide extended functions for data acquisition and they offer different options in terms of data transfer. A demonstration of the integration of IoT devices is shown, based on both protocols and there are classified from the functional perspective in terms of Industry 4.0. The experiment is built on the ESP32 S3 development board and data are processed by Node-Red flow. Data are acquired and saved into relation database. Verification of data transfer is performed and is visible on the dashboard. The transfer of data and connections were also recorded. The IoT device sends three data types, which are produced by sensors. Data types were selected to demonstrate a possibility how to work with standard data types like char variables or numerical values but main topic is to show how to transfer binary or complex data structures like JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). The experiment also demonstrates how communication protocol can impact the power consumption of a device. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： AIoT ESP32 S3 IoT MQTT REST

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Direct Window-to-Wall Ratio Prediction Using Deep Learning Approaches

Direct Window-to-Wall Ratio Prediction Using Deep Learning A...

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2023 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2023

作者： Zhuo, Xiangyu Tian, Jiaojiao Hafele, Karl-Heinz Remote Sensing Technology Institute German Aerospace Center Weßling Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665493734

A building's window-to-wall ratio (WWR) plays a critical role in estimating heat loss, solar gain and daylighting levels, and is therefore essential for building energy modeling applications. Typically, an accurate WWR estimation corresponds to an accurate window segmentation result, which requires high quality rectified and annotated façade images. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end regression model that directly predicts the invisible building attribute, the WWR, from façade imagery. For comparison, we have adopted the latest proposed semantic segmentation of windows from façade images and calculate the WWR based on the result of the semantic segmentation. These two approaches are performed and compared on three public façade benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that the direct prediction of invisible building attributes is feasible. Furthermore, the regression-based approach can achieve similar WWR accuracy as the segmentation-based method when they use the same backbone. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Modular Platform for Automated Characterisation of Printed Structures, Devices and Circuits

Modular Platform for Automated Characterisation of Printed S...

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Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Liane Koker Klaus-Martin Reichert Ulrich Gengenbach Markus Reischl Martin Ungerer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350378269

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378276

We present a real-time-controlled platform applied for automated characterisation of structures, devices and circuits printed on planar substrates. Its modular setup allows for implementation of different probe heads and a large number of instruments for electrical testing. Microscope optics are used to capture high-resolution images of entire printed substrates. Based on these images printed structures on the substrates are optically inspected for printing errors by means of image processing and electrically tested. Applications include fast identification of optimal printing parameters for various ink-substrate combinations, characterisation of complex printed devices and circuits and identification of known-good structures for multi-stage printing.

关键词： Printing Optical microscopy Microscopy Circuits Packaging Optical imaging Object recognition

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ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS WITH A NOVEL MODULAR CONFIGURABLE MULTI-MODAL WHITE-BOX BUILDING MODEL

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Haozhen Hagenmeyer, Veit Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

This paper presents a novel modeling approach for building performance simulation, characterized as a white-box model with a high degree of modularity and flexibility, enabling direct integration into complex large-scale energy system co-simulations. The introduced model is described in detail, with a focus on its modular structure, and proposes various configurations that include various building insulation, heating methods, occupancy patterns, and weather data to analyze different scenarios, and the energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and heating costs are compared and analyzed across 36 introduced scenarios. The thermodynamic behavior of the model is shown to be consistent with real-world conditions, and the comparison of the scenarios concludes that the use of heat pumps for indoor heating in well-insulated buildings has significant economic and sustainability benefits, whereas the use of natural gas-fueled boilers is more cost-effective for buildings with low energy ratings. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable building

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NEW CO-SIMULATION VARIANTS FOR EMISSIONS AND COST REDUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DISTRICT HEATING PLANNING

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Haozhen Buccoliero, Verena Kocher, Alexander Hagenmeyer, Veit Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

Classical heating of residential areas is very energy-intensive, so alternatives are needed, including renewable energies and advanced heating technologies. Thus, the present paper introduces a new methodology for comprehensive variant analysis for future district heating planning, aiming at optimizing emissions and costs. For this, an extensive Modelica-based modeling study comprising models of heating center, heat grid pipelines and heating interface units to buildings are coupled in co-simulations. These enable a comparative analysis of the economic feasibility and sustainability for various technologies and energy carriers to be carried out. The new modular and highly parameterizable building model serves for validation of the introduced heat grid model. The results show that bio-methane as an energy source reduces carbon equivalent emissions by nearly 70% compared to conventional natural gas heating, and the use of hydrogen as an energy source reduces carbon equivalent emissions by 77% when equipped with a heat pump. In addition, the use of ground source heat pumps has a high economic viability when economic benefits are taken into account. The study findings highlight the importance of strategic planning and flexible design in the early stages of district development in order to achieve improved energy efficiency and a reduced carbon footprint. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon capture and utilization

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Industrial Application of the Shapley value-based Redispatch Cost Allocation to Large-Scale Power Grids requires AC Optimal Power Flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bauer, Rebecca Dai, Xinliang Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

A burgeoning topic in the current energy transition are the huge costs of redispatch congestion management (CM) in large transmission systems. One of the German transmission system operators (TSOs) raised the critical inquiry of how to allocate the redispatch costs amongst TSOs in an equitable and beneficial way. Previously, a Shapley value-based approach has been introduced on small test grids, using the linear DC approximation of optimal power flow (OPF). However, within the application of CM, its feasibility and accuracy for large-scale power grids and its impact on the computed congestions remain uncertain. Therefore, this study investigates the applicability of the DC OPF compared to the exact AC OPF with regard to the Shapley values, for both small and large-scale grids. Numerical simulation shows significant differences in the congested lines, the overall redispatch costs, and the Shapley values. These findings suggest that for future CM, the TSOs should further investigate AC OPF solutions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Costs

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