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International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON)

作者： Simon T. Kappenstein Veit Hagenmeyer Lutz Gröll Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350365771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365788

This paper introduces a multiobjective optimization strategy for minimizing both energy pulsation and power dissipation in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The occurrence of energy pulsation and power dissipation in MMCs has the negative potential to lead to a reduction in efficiency, to an increase in thermal stress, and to reliability issues. A Pareto front analysis shows that simultaneous improvement of both objectives is not possible. Analytical function optimization provides an exact solution for the case where only energy dissipation is considered. By optimizing the tradeoffs between minimizing energy pulsation and reducing power losses, this work offers a comprehensive solution to enhance the performance of MMCs.

关键词： Electrical engineering Multilevel converters Energy dissipation Power dissipation Reliability Optimization Thermal stresses Stress

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The Gap between Experiment and Simulation: Grid Forming Inverter Control during Islanding Transition

The Gap between Experiment and Simulation: Grid Forming Inve...

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Kai Baumgarten Jan Wachter Friedrich Wiegel Richard Jumar Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331505493

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505509

In order to integrate distributed energy resources into the power grid, grid forming inverters have gained popularity in research activities over the past two decades. Simulated models have long been used to analyze developed control strategies, but their real-world applicability often remains untested. The present article aims to spotlight this gap between simulation and real implementation of the same inverter control scheme. For this, the transition of a stand-alone system from grid-connected to island mode is exemplarily investigated. Good agreement of the dynamics of time-averaged quantities is observed, but the simulation shows limited representation of fast timescale effects. Furthermore, hidden challenges related to the implementation and operation of the experiment are addressed.

关键词： Analytical models Islanding Conferences Power system dynamics Microgrids Distributed power generation Impedance Grid forming

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ePowCoRe: A Novel Generic Representation of Power Grids Enabling Open-Source Model Conversion Modules

ePowCoRe: A Novel Generic Representation of Power Grids Enab...

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Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES)

作者： Moritz Weber Alexander Kocher Hüseyin K. Çakmak Veit Hagenmeyer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350384680

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384697

With the rapid changes of modern power grids, modeling and simulation of these systems become increasingly important. For these tasks, various specialized proprietary and open tools exist. Since every tool has its strengths and weaknesses, it is often beneficial to analyze the same system with multiple different tools. However, as most of these tools come with their own distinct data format, this requires a conversion of models. In the present paper, we introduce new model conversion methods based on a novel generic representation for power system models. This representation is based on a graph data structure comprising flexible power system component models. We evaluate the implementation of these new methods by converting an IEEE 39 bus system model from DIgSILENT PowerFactory to Matpower, Simscape Electrical, and RSCAD FX using the newly developed methods and existing methods. The resulting models are compared with the original PowerFactory model using power flow, RMS and EMT simulations. The source code of the presented modeling format and methods is released to the community for transparency and further development.

关键词： Source coding Data structures Power grids Data models Power system modeling Open source software Load flow

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Advancing Distributed Ac Optimal Power Flow for Integrated Transmission-Distribution Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dai, Xinliang Zhai, Junyi Jiang, Yuning Guo, Yi Jones, Colin N. Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany China Switzerland Switzerland

This paper introduces a distributed operational solution for integrated transmission-distribution (ITD) system management. A fundamental challenge in designing distributed approaches for AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems in ITD systems is the nonconvexity and nonlinearity of the optimization problems for both transmission and distribution systems. To tackle the challenges, our research introduces an enhanced version of the Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (aladin), which incorporates a second-order correction strategy and convexification. The former improves the algorithm’s ability to follow curved trajectories effectively with minimal additional computational demand, while the latter simplifies the decoupled subproblems without introducing the combinatory complexity typically associated with additional inequality constraints. The theoretical studies demonstrate that the proposed distributed algorithm operates the ITD systems with a local quadratic convergence guarantee. Extensive simulations on various ITD configurations highlight the superior performance of our distributed approach in terms of convergence speed, computational efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Ratio-based features for bridge damage detection based on displacement influence line and curvature influence line 11th

Ratio-based features for bridge damage detection based on di...

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11th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2022

作者： Döring, A. Vogelbacher, M. Schneider, O. Müller, J. Hinz, S. Matthes, J. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Büro für Strukturmechanik Coburg Germany Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781032345314

Bridges are getting older and older in Germany. This leads to a high demand of maintenance in the future. Stuctural health monitoring can be a helpful tool for bridge assessment in identifying bridge damage in the early stages. Our goal is a system that is non-invasive, mobile and can be retrofitted on existing bridges under ongoing operation of traffic. The conventional methods of bridge assessment and monitoring use strain measurements and acceleration sensors and are based on modal properties-such as natural frequencies, modal damping and displacement modes or curvature/strain modes-which are prone to environmental changes such as temperature and vehicles. Recent papers introduce features based on the curvature influence line. Some of the introduced features are based on ratios and single vehicle crosses. The advantage of ratio-based features is the reduction of the unknown load. The results show promising results for strain based signals. The question now arises how well the ratio-based features for strain signals can be transferred to the displacement signals measured by an interferometric radar. The advantage of using radar over strain sensors is that the radar is non-invasive and mobile. We compare here the performance of ratio-based features using the displacement influence line with the same features using the curvature/strain influence line for damage detection. In addition to the ratio-based features, we investigate for the comparison other features like peak position and maximum value. We assess the performance of the features with supervised machine learning with various combinations of damage position and damage severity. The considerations are made with an analytical stepped continuous Euler-Bernoulli beam. © 2022 the Author(s).

关键词： Damage detection

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Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroids

Prediction of Fluorescent Ki67 Staining in 3D Tumor Spheroid...

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作者： Bruch, Roman Vitacolonna, Mario Rudolf, Rüdiger Reischl, Markus Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany

3D cell culture models are important tools for the development and testing of new therapeutics. In combination with immunoassays and 3D confocal microscopy, crucial information like morphological or metabolic changes can be examined during drug testing. However, a common limitation of immunostainings is the number of dyes that can be imaged simultaneously, as overlaps in the spectral profiles of the different dyes may result in cross talk. We therefore present a 3D deep learning method, able to predict fluorescent stainings of specific antigens on the basis of a nuclei staining. Using the proliferation marker Ki67, we showed that the presented model was able to predict the Ki67 staining with a strong correlation to the real signal. Additional analysis showed, that the model was not relying on signal cross talk. This approach, based on staining of the cell nuclei and subsequent prediction of the target antigen, could reduce the number of parallel antigen stains to a minimum and incompatible staining panels could be circumvented in the future. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Forecasting

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Automating Substation Modeling Using Labeled Images

Automating Substation Modeling Using Labeled Images

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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Arjun Kumar Madhusoodhanan Julian Hoffmann Pascal Emanuel Schmidt Marco Schott Uwe Kühnapfel Veit Hagenmeyer Institute of Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350375589

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375596

This paper presents a comprehensive workflow for automating substation modeling using labeled aerial images. Our approach streamlines the process into three key steps: generating the input dataset as labeled images, inferring an electrical substation model based on standard design principles and exemplarily importing the model into DIgSILENT PowerFactory as a simulation environment. We demonstrate that this new automated process significantly enhances speed, improves consistency, and facilitates easier updation of models, outperforming traditional manual methods.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Substations Manuals Streaming media Standards

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Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

Towards a Real-World Dispatchable Feeder

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Sebastian Beichter Maximilian Beichter Dorina Werling Johannes Galenzowski Victor Weise Christoph Hildenbrand Friedrich Wiegel Ralf Mikut Simon Waczowicz Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

With the integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and batteries at the low-voltage distribution grid level, residential buildings are increasingly evolving from consumers to prosumers. As the prosumers burden the distribution grid with their uncertain interactions, the need for solutions to counteract this uncertainty becomes more important. One such solution is schedule-based control strategies, such as the dispatchable feeder. Thereby, the dispatchable feeder uses intelligent managed flexible components such as battery energy storage system (BESS) and controllable loads to follow a committed schedule. While the concept of the dispatchable feeder is widely discussed in the literature, the practical challenges associated with its real-world implementation remain under-explored. Therefore, this paper identifies challenges associated with the real-world implementation of the dispatchable feeder in residential buildings. Further, it discusses important future research questions regarding the concept and its valuable integration into the real world. It also proposes an experimental research infrastructure for systematically investigating the raised questions using the real-world laboratory of the Energy Lab 2.0.

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Transformer Training Strategies for Forecasting Multiple Load Time Series

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hertel, Matthias Beichter, Maximilian Heidrich, Benedikt Neumann, Oliver Schäfer, Benjamin Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

In the smart grid of the future, accurate load forecasts on the level of individual clients can help to balance supply and demand locally and to prevent grid outages. While the number of monitored clients will increase with the ongoing smart meter rollout, the amount of data per client will always be limited. We evaluate whether a Transformer load forecasting model benefits from a transfer learning strategy, where a global univariate model is trained on the load time series from multiple clients. In experiments with two datasets containing load time series from several hundred clients, we find that the global training strategy is superior to the multivariate and local training strategies used in related work. On average, the global training strategy results in 21.8% and 12.8% lower forecasting errors than the two other strategies, measured across forecasting horizons from one day to one month into the future. A comparison to linear models, multi-layer perceptrons and LSTMs shows that Transformers are effective for load forecasting when they are trained with the global training strategy. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Experimental validation of demand side response rates for frequency control 8

Experimental validation of demand side response rates for fr...

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8th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid, eGRID 2023

作者： Casasola-Aignesberger, Leo Wiegel, Friedrich Waczowicz, Simon Hagenmeyer, Veit Martinez, Sergio Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales Department of Electrical Engineering Madrid Spain Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327007

Renewable energy generation is replacing conventional synchronous generators in electrical power systems around the world. A side effect of this trend is a reduction in system inertia and the power available for frequency control. In this study, the authors investigate an island power system of interest under different conditions with varying levels of demand side response penetration and analyze its impact on frequency behavior. The obtained simulation results are then complemented with a series of experiments carried out using a combination of real hardware and Power-Hardware-In-The-Loop equipment, to test the validity and limitations of the simulation results. In summary, demand side response can notably improve the frequency response of an island power system, but excessive demand side response leads to unacceptable frequency oscillations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency response

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