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Magnetic Microrobots Fabricated by Photopolymerization and Assembly

Cyborg and Bionic systems 2023年第1期4卷 41-46页

作者： Xiyue Liang Yue Zhao Dan Liu Yan Deng Tatsuo Arai Masaru Kojima Xiaoming Liu Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex SystemBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systemsand School of Mechatronical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Materials Engineering Science Osaka UniversityOsaka 560-8531Japan

Magnetic soft microrobots have great potential to access narrow spaces and conduct multiple tasks in the biomedical *** now,drug delivery,microsurgery,disease diagnosis,and dredging the blocked blood vessel have been realized by magnetic soft microrobots in vivo or in ***,as the tasks become more and more complex,more functional units have been embedded in the body of the developed magnetic *** magnetic soft microrobots with complex designed geometries,mechanisms,and magnetic orientation are now greatly challenging the fabrication of the magnetic *** this paper,we propose a new method combining photopolymerization and assembly for the fabrication of magnetic soft *** the micro-hand assembly system,magnetic modules with different shapes and materials are firstly arrayed with precise position and orientation ***,the developed photopolymerization system is employed to fix and link these modules with soft *** on the proposed fabrication method,3 kinds of soft magnetic microrobots were fabricated,and the fundamental locomotion was *** believe that the presented fabrication strategy could help accelerate the clinical application of magnetic microrobots.

关键词： Magnetic system precise

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Insights into the microstructural design of high-performance Ti alloys for laser powder bed fusion by tailoring columnar prior-βgrains andα-Ti morphology

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第20期187卷 156-168页

作者： S.X.Wang S.F.Li X.M.Gan R.D.K.Misra R.Zheng K.Kondoh Y.F.Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Particle Materials Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TexasEl Paso TX 79968USA Joining and Welding Research Institution Osaka University11-1 MihogaokaIbarakiOsaka 567-0047Japan

A high-performance Ti-Ni-B alloy with good tensile properties and reduced mechanical anisotropy was developed by promoting the columnar to equiaxed transition(CET)of prior-βgrains and modifyingα-laths to equiaxed *** Ni and B contributed to the refinement of columnar prior-βgrains during the L→βphase transformation by generating constitutional *** with Ni,B had a su-perior capability of generating constitutional undercooling,which not only replaced a significant amount of Ni with a minor addition to reduce the formation of brittle eutectoid,but also reacted with Ti to form TiB to promote heterogeneous nucleation ofα-Ti grains during theβ→αphase *** with the restricted growth ofα-laths induced by the refinement of prior-βgrains,a fully equiaxedα-Ti structure was *** competition between the negative effect of brittle eutectoid and the positive role ofα-lath to equiaxed grain transition on the ductility of as-printed Ti-Ni-B alloys was fundamen-tally governed by the morphology of eutectoid and technically dependent on the Ni-B *** the addition was 1.2Ni-0.06B(wt.%)or less,the positive effect ofα-lath on equiaxed grain transition can effectively mitigate the issue of reduced ductility caused by brittle *** contrast,at 1.8Ni-0.09B or greater,the negative effect of eutectoid *** insights into microstructural design obtained through the aforementioned approach were presented and discussed.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Titanium alloys Grain refinement Powder processing Anisotropy

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Label-free identification of biomolecules by single-defect-spectroscopy at the aqueous hexagonal boron nitride interface

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Miao Lozano, Cristina Izquierdo van Veen, Stijn Albertazzi, Lorenzo Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600MB Netherlands

Label-free single-molecule detection is essential for studying biomolecules in their native state, yet having materials with intrinsic molecular specificity to identify a broad range of molecules without complex functionalization remains challenging. We present a method that utilizes emissions from selectively activated defects at the aqueous hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) interface to detect and identify biomolecules, including lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids. Using spectrally-resolved single-molecule localization microscopy combined with machine learning, we harvest spatial, spectral and temporal data of individual events to uncover optical fingerprints of biomolecules. This approach allows us to probe fine chemical differences, as small as the single deprotonation of an amino acid's side chain and detect dynamics of biomolecules at the interface with exceptional detail. As a proof-of-concept, we identified five different amino acids at the single-molecule level with high accuracy. Our findings shed light on hBN-biomolecule interactions and highlight the potential of hBN for label-free single-molecule identification. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Boron nitride

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Crystal structure and ligandability of the 14-3-3/pyrin interface

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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2023年 651卷 1-7页

作者： Lau, Roxanne Hann, Michael M. Ottmann, Christian Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Den Dolech 2 Eindhoven 5612 AZ Netherlands GSK Medicines Research Centre Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom

Overactivation of Pyrin is the cause of the inflammatory diseases Mediterranean Fever and Pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND). Binding of 14-3-3 proteins reduces the pro-inflammatory activity of Pyrin, hence small molecules that stabilize the Pyrin/14-3-3 complex could convey an anti-inflammatory effect. We have solved the atomic resolution crystal structures of phosphorylated peptides derived from PyrinpS208 and PyrinpS242 – the two principle 14-3-3 binding sites in Pyrin - in complex with 14-3-3 and analyzed the ligandability of these protein-peptide interfaces by crystal-based fragment soaking. The complex between 14-3-3 and PyrinpS242 appears to be much more amenable for small-molecule binding than that of 14-3-3/PyrinpS208. Consequently, only for the 14-3-3/PyrinpS242 complex could we find an interface-binding fragment, validating protein crystallography and fragment soaking as a method to evaluate the ligandability of protein surfaces. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Fragments Molecular glues Protein-protein interactions Small-molecule drug discovery X-ray crystallography

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The Two Fundamental Shapes of Sleep Heart Rate Dynamics and Their Connection to Mental Health in College Students

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Digital Biomarkers 2024年第1期8卷 120-131页

作者： Fudolig, Mikaela Irene Bloomfield, Laura S.P. Price, Matthew Bird, Yoshi M. Hidalgo, Johanna E. Kim, Julia N. Llorin, Jordan Lovato, Juniper McGinnis, Ellen W. McGinnis, Ryan S. Ricketts, Taylor Stanton, Kathryn Dodds, Peter Sheridan Danforth, Christopher M. Vermont Complex Systems Center MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Computational Story Lab MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Department of Psychological Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Project Lemurs University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Department of Computer Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-SalemNC United States Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont BurlingtonVT United States Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM United States

Introduction: Wearable devices are rapidly improving our ability to observe health-related processes for extended durations in an unintrusive manner. In this study, we use wearable devices to understand how the shape of the heart rate curve during sleep relates to mental health. Methods: As part of the Lived Experiences Measured Using Rings Study (LEMURS), we collected heart rate measurements using the Oura ring (Gen3) for over 25,000 sleep periods and self-reported mental health indicators from roughly 600 first-year university students in the USA during the fall semester of 2022. Using clustering techniques, we find that the sleeping heart rate curves can be broadly separated into two categories that are mainly differentiated by how far along the sleep period the lowest heart rate is reached. Results: Sleep periods characterized by reaching the lowest heart rate later during sleep are also associated with shorter deep and REM sleep and longer light sleep, but not a difference in total sleep duration. Aggregating sleep periods at the individual level, we find that consistently reaching the lowest heart rate later during sleep is a significant predictor of (1) self-reported impairment due to anxiety or depression, (2) a prior mental health diagnosis, and (3) firsthand experience in traumatic events. This association is more pronounced among females. Conclusion: Our results show that the shape of the sleeping heart rate curve, which is only weakly correlated with descriptive statistics such as the average or the minimum heart rate, is a viable but mostly overlooked metric that can help quantify the relationship between sleep and mental health. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

关键词： Wearable technology

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Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses

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Smart Materials in Medicine 2022年 3卷 257-273页

作者： Bril, Maaike Fredrich, Sebastian Kurniawan, Nicholas A. Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 Eindhoven5600 MB Netherlands

Cells in the body reside within the extracellular matrix (ECM), a three-dimensional environment that not only provides structural support for the cells, but also influences cellular processes, like migration and differentiation. The ECM and the cells continuously engage in a complex and highly dynamic interplay, shaping both the matrix as well as the cellular outcome. To study these dynamic, bidirectional interactions in a systematic manner, the ability to dynamically control cellular environments is highly desirable. Stimuli-responsive materials are a class of materials that have been engineered to respond to external cues, e.g., light, electricity, or magnetic field, and therefore hold fascinating potentials as an ideal experimental platform to introduce changing spatiotemporal signals to cells. Here, we review the state of the art in stimuli-responsive materials and their design strategies, with an emphasis on the dynamic introduction of physical and mechanical cues. The effects of such dynamic stimuli on the responses of living cells are examined on three different levels: cellular phenotypes, intracellular and cytoskeletal changes, and nuclear and epigenetic effects. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations as well as the potential outlooks in exploiting stimuli-responsive biomaterials. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Dynamics

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Highly ductile hypereutectic Al-Si alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第15期110卷 84-95页

作者： Yafeng Yang Kang Geng Shaofu Li Michael Bermingham R.D.K.Misra State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El Paso500 W University AvenueEl PasoTX 79968USA

In the endeavor to maximize the refinement effect of primary Si and alleviate the inherent brittleness of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy,the approach of coating P as a modifier on powder was *** ultimate aim was to create more heterogeneous fine Al P nucleus and enhance the nucleation efficiency of primary Si on Al P to refine the coarse primary Si to nano-scale during 3D *** the combination of large undercooling and high density of nucleation sites,the size of primary Si was successfully refined to 200–300 nm and the divorced eutectic was also induced to modify the microstructure of *** the presence of nano-scale primary Si,the melting pool boundary(MPB)feature disappeared and the fracture mechanism also changed from load transfer to interfacial *** with the pristine alloy,the ductility was increased four times without significantly changing the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and wear *** improvement of ductility is attributed to the refinement of primary Si,the disappearance of MPB features and the formation of divorced *** optimal tensile properties were:UTS-482 MPa,yield strength-320 MPa and ductility of 8.1%at 0.05 wt.%*** are comparable to those for high-strength Al alloys.

关键词： Al-Si alloys Heterogeneous nucleation Ductility Powder processing Selective laser melting

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Effect of adaptation functions and multilayer topology on synchronization

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Physical Review E 2024年第2期109卷 024221-024221页

作者： Dhrubajyoti Biswas Sayan Gupta Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras 600036 India The Uncertainty Lab Department of Applied Mechanics & Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras 600036 India and Complex Systems and Dynamics Group Indian Institute of Technology Madras Madras 600036 India

This study investigates the synchronization of globally coupled Kuramoto oscillators in monolayer and multilayer configurations. The interactions are taken to be pairwise, whose strength adapts with the instantaneous synchronization order parameter. The route to synchronization is analytically investigated using the Ott-Antonsen ansatz for two broad classes of adaptation functions that capture a wide range of transition scenarios. The formulation is subsequently extended to adaptively coupled multilayer configurations, using which a wider range of transition scenarios is uncovered for a bilayer model with cross-adaptive interlayer interactions.

关键词： Collective dynamics Continuous phase transition Discontinuous phase transition Dynamics of networks Network phase transitions Synchronization transition

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Cartilage-derived cells display heterogeneous pericellular matrix synthesis in agarose microgels

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Matrix Biology Plus 2024年 23卷 100157页

作者： van Mourik, Marloes Tiemeijer, Bart M. van Zon, Maarten Abinzano, Florencia Tel, Jurjen Foolen, Jasper Ito, Keita Orthopaedic Biomechanics Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Laboratory of Immunoengineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology

The pericellular matrix (PCM) surrounding chondrocytes is essential for articular cartilage tissue engineering. As the current isolation methods to obtain chondrocytes with their PCM (chondrons) result in a heterogeneous mixture of chondrocytes and chondrons, regenerating the PCM using a tissue engineering approach could prove beneficial. In this study, we aimed to discern the behavior of articular chondrocytes (ACs) in regenerating the PCM in such an approach and whether this would also be true for articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells (ACPCs), as an alternative cell source. Bovine ACs and ACPCs were encapsulated in agarose microgels using droplet-based microfluidics. ACs were stimulated with TGF-β1 and dexamethasone and ACPCs were sequentially stimulated with BMP-9 followed by TGF-β1 and dexamethasone. After 0, 3, 5, and 10 days of culture, PCM components, type-VI collagen and perlecan, and ECM component, type-II collagen, were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both ACs and ACPCs synthesized the PCM before the ECM. It was seen for the first time that synthesis of type-VI collagen always preceded perlecan. While the PCM synthesized by ACs resembled native chondrons after only 5 days of culture, ACPCs often made less well-structured PCMs. Both cell types showed variations between individual cells and donors. On one hand, this was more prominent in ACPCs, but also a subset of ACPCs showed superior PCM and ECM regeneration, suggesting that isolating these cells may potentially improve cartilage repair strategies. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Chondrocytes Chondroprogenitors Microgels Pericellular matrix Perlecan Type-VI collagen

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Effects of Internal Resonance and Damping on Koopman Modes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Das, Rahul Bajaj, Anil K. Gupta, Sayan Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras India School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University Purdue United States Center for Complex Systems and Dynamics IIT Madras India

This study investigates the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of a system comprising of two coupled Duffing oscillators, with one oscillator being grounded and with the coupling being both linear and nonlinear. The study utilizes the eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator and validates their connection with the Shaw-Piere invariant manifold framework for NNMs. Furthermore, the study delves into the impact of internal resonance and dissipation on the accuracy of this framework by defining a continuous quantitative measure for internal resonance. The applicability and robustness of the framework for the systems which are very similar qualitatively to that of an ENO, are also observed and discussed about the limitations of the approximation technique. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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