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arXiv 2024年

作者： Garud, Parth Aryana, Kiumars Popescu, Cosmin Constantin Vitale, Steven Sharma, Rashi Richardson, Kathleen Gu, Tian Hu, Juejun Kim, Hyun Jung NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681-2199 United States Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology LexingtonMA02421 United States The College of Optics and Photonics Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Electrically tunable optical devices present diverse functionalities for manipulating electromagnetic waves by leveraging elements capable of reversibly switching between different optical states. This adaptability in adjusting their responses to electromagnetic waves after fabrication is crucial for developing more efficient and compact optical systems for a broad range of applications including sensing, imaging, telecommunications, and data storage. Chalcogenide-based phase change materials (PCMs) have shown great promise due to their stable, non-volatile phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. Nonetheless, optimizing the switching parameters of PCM devices and maintaining their stable operation over thousands of cycles with minimal variation can be challenging. In this paper, we report on the critical role of PCM pattern as well as electrical pulse form in achieving reliable and stable switching, extending the operational lifetime of the device beyond 13,000 switching events. To achieve this, we have developed a computer-aided algorithm that monitors optical changes in the device and adjusts the applied voltage in accordance with the phase transformation process, thereby significantly enhancing the lifetime of these reconfigurable devices. Our findings reveal that patterned PCM structures show significantly higher endurance compared to blanket PCM thin films. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Phase change materials

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OneRel: Joint Entity and Relation Extraction with One Module in One Step

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Shang, Yu-Ming Huang, Heyan Mao, Xian-Ling School of Computer Science & Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications Beijing China

Joint entity and relation extraction is an essential task in natural language processing and knowledge graph construction. Existing approaches usually decompose the joint extraction task into several basic modules or processing steps to make it easy to conduct. However, such a paradigm ignores the fact that the three elements of a triple are interdependent and indivisible. Therefore, previous joint methods suffer from the problems of cascading errors and redundant information. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel joint entity and relation extraction model, named OneRel, which casts joint extraction as a fine-grained triple classification problem. Specifically, our model consists of a scoring-based classifier and a relation-specific horns tagging strategy. The former evaluates whether a token pair and a relation belong to a factual triple. The latter ensures a simple but effective decoding process. Extensive experimental results on two widely used datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art baselines, and delivers consistent performance gain on complex scenarios of various overlapping patterns and multiple triples. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Extraction

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Ask to Understand: Question Generation for Multi-hop Question Answering

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Jiawei Ren, Mucheng Gao, Yang Yang, Yizhe School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications Beijing China

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present. The former uses the "black-box" reasoning process to capture the potential relationship between entities and sentences, thus achieving good performance. At the same time, the latter provides a clear reasoning logical route by decomposing multi-hop questions into simple single-hop sub-questions. In this paper, we propose a novel method to complete multi-hop QA from the perspective of Question Generation (QG). Specifically, we carefully design an end-to-end QG module on the basis of a classical QA module, which could help the model understand the context by asking inherently logical sub-questions, thus inheriting interpretability from the QD-based method and showing superior performance. Experiments on the HotpotQA dataset demonstrate that the effectiveness of our proposed QG module, human evaluation further clarifies its interpretability quantitatively, and thorough analysis shows that the QG module could generate better sub-questions than QD methods in terms of fluency, consistency, and diversity. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decomposition

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Data Security in Distributed Environments

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Gupta, Ishu Swain, Smruti Rekha Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Cloud Computing Research Center Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra136119 India National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

This article comprehensively studies data security in cloud computing environments and presents ideas for solving everyday computing issues. Cloud Computing (CC) is a shared pool of resources that allocates those computing resources to cloud clients over the internet. CC provides a set of controls that act as controls between cloud users and storage. Storage has played a crucial role in the cloud and has become ubiquitous among organizations and clients. Nevertheless, various issues such as security, information protection, interoperability, and consistent quality should be defined appropriately. However, the underlying problem is data security and how cloud providers ensure it. Safe and secure protection technology is indispensable for exchanging information between clouds. Encryption technology is used to provide data security in cloud environments. Numerous cryptography algorithms exist to transform plain text to cipher text before placing the data in the cloud to ensure security. © 2022-12-09, CC BY.

关键词： Cryptography

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Cross-Lingual Phrase Retrieval

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Zheng, Heqi Zhang, Xiao Chi, Zewen Huang, Heyan Yan, Tan Lan, Tian Wei, Wei Mao, Xian-Ling School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology China Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications China Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

Cross-lingual retrieval aims to retrieve relevant text across languages. Current methods typically achieve cross-lingual retrieval by learning language-agnostic text representations in word or sentence level. However, how to learn phrase representations for cross-lingual phrase retrieval is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose XPR, a cross-lingual phrase retriever that extracts phrase representations from unlabeled example sentences. Moreover, we create a large-scale cross-lingual phrase retrieval dataset, which contains 65K bilingual phrase pairs and 4.2M example sentences in 8 English-centric language pairs. Experimental results show that XPR outperforms state-of-the-art baselines which utilize word-level or sentence-level representations. XPR also shows impressive zero-shot transferability that enables the model to perform retrieval in an unseen language pair during training. Our dataset, code, and trained models are publicly available at ***/cwszz/XPR/. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Large dataset

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A Near-Optimal Category Information Sampling in RFID Systems

引用

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Wang, Xiujun Liu, Zhi Zhou, Xiaokang Liao, Yong Hu, Han Zheng, Xiao Li, Jie Anhui University of Technology School of Computer Science Ma'anshan243032 China Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Ma'anshan243032 China University of Electro-Communications Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering Tokyo182- 8585 Japan Shiga University Faculty of Data Science Hikone522-8522 Japan RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo103-0027 Japan University of Science and Technology of China School of Cyber Science and Technology Hefei China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China

In many RFID-enabled applications, objects are classified into different categories, and the information associated with each object's category (called category information) is written into the attached tag, allowing the reader to access it later. The category information sampling in such RFID systems, which is to randomly choose (sample) a few tags from each category and collect their category information, is fundamental for providing real-time monitoring and analysis in RFID. However, to the best of our knowledge, two technical challenges, i.e., how to guarantee a minimized execution time and reduce collection failure caused by missing tags, remain unsolved for this problem. In this paper, we address these two limitations by considering how to use the shortest possible time to sample a different number of random tags from each category and collect their category information sequentially in small batches. In particular, we first obtain a lower bound on the execution time of any protocol that can solve this problem. Subsequently, we present a near-OPTimal Category information sampling protocol (OPT-C) that solves the problem with an execution time close to the lower bound. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate the superiority of OPT-C over existing protocols, while real-world experiments further validate its practicality. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： category information sampling execution time lower bound near-optimal protocol RFID systems

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AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detection

引用

IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2025年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taipei11529 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Institute of Information Systems and Applications Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Chengchi University Department of Computer Science Taipei11605 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei11529 Taiwan

The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous studies on detecting artificial intelligence-generated fake videos only utilize visual modality or audio modality. While some methods exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multimodal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations, and are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with low detection accuracy. Considering that human cognition instinctively integrates multisensory information including audio and visual cues to perceive and interpret content and the success of transformer in various fields, this study introduces the audio-visual transformer-based ensemble network (AVTENet). This innovative framework tackles the complexities of deepfake technology by integrating both acoustic and visual manipulations to enhance the accuracy of video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multimodal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We also compare AVTENet against humans in detecting video forgery. The results show that AVTENet significantly outperforms humans. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： audio-visual AVTENet Deepfake detection

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Compendium of Data Security in Cloud Storage By Applying Hybridization of Encryption Algorithm

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Gupta, Ishu Gurnani, Deeksha Gupta, Neha Singla, Caffy Thakral, Prateek Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Cloud Computing Research Center Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra136119 India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Himachal Pradesh Solan India

This paper is about preserving the Cloud data whose idea is to cure everyday problems with computing. Cloud computing is fundamentally pooling the resources virtually and the resources like storage are provided to the end-users through the web. Information preservation, security, uniform quality, and interoperability are some issues related to cloud computing. However, the most essential issue is Security and how it is ensured by a cloud supplier. Security of data can be offered by means of cryptography. This paper presents an improved composite data protection mechanism to protect data on the cloud from illegitimate access. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Cryptography

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Efficient Exploitation for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning via a Novel Multi-scale Tabular Buffer

Efficient Exploitation for Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning...

引用

Information engineering (ACIE), IEEE Asia Conference on

作者： Shicheng Guo Wei Xue Wei Zhao Yuanxia Shen Gaohang Yu School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243032 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei 230088 China Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Maanshan 243032 China School of Sciences Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China

This paper is concerned with sample efficiency in off-policy reinforcement learning. For efficient exploitation of samples, we propose a novel method for updating buffer that allows important samples to remain in the buffer longer. Specifically, we first propose a new metric to determine the importance of a sample, which takes into account the value of the state and the period confidence level. Secondly, based on this metric, the multi-scale tabular buffer method is proposed, which sets multiple tables in the original buffer, and the size of the tables changes with time. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods on a range of benchmark tasks. In particular, on some tasks, our method only requires half of samples to achieve the state-of-the-art performance.

关键词：

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applications and resource estimates for open system simulation on a quantum computer

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Mozgunov, Evgeny Marshall, Jeffrey Anand, Namit Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Southern California United States Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Mountain ViewCA94043 United States KBR Inc. 601 Jefferson St. HoustonTX77002 United States

We present two applications where open system quantum simulation is the preferred approach on a quantum computer. We choose concrete parameters for the problems in such a way that the application value, which we call utility, can be obtained from the solution directly. The scientific utility is exemplified by a computation of nonequilibrium behavior of Ca3Co2O6, which is studied in $2M MagLab experiments. For industrial utility, we develop a methodology that allows researchers of various backgrounds to estimate the economic value of an emerging technology consistently. Our approach predicts $400M utility for the applications of materials with a Metal-Insulator Transition. We focus on the transport calculation in the Hubbard model as the simplest problem that needs to be solved in a large-scale material search. The resource estimates for both problems suffer from a large required runtime, which motivates us to propose novel algorithm optimizations, taking advantage of the translation invariance and the parallelism of the T-gate application. Finally, we introduce several planted solution problems and their obfuscated versions as a benchmark for future quantum devices. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Metal insulator transition

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