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Instruction based Built-in-Testing of Instruction Select Multiplexer in Arithmetic Logic Unit

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期364卷

作者： P Tsoozol J Börcsök M Schwarz Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany

Due to the complexity of microprocessor, an efficient testing is a crucial point and serious challenge in safety systems. A new instruction opcode for ALU based Built-In-Test (BIT) is proposed in this paper. With this novel method stuck-at-fault in Multiplexer (MUX) for Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) can be determined. A model that consists of the command and faulty states is developed. According to the designed state model, an algorithm and pseudo program that tests the stuck-at-fault in MUX is implemented and described in this paper.

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A New Method to Detect and Correct the Critical Errors and Determine the Software-Reliability in Critical Software-system

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期364卷

作者： Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Germany

In order to use electronic systems comprising of software and hardware components in safety related and high safety related applications, it is necessary to meet the Marginal risk numbers required by standards and legislative provisions. Existing processes and mathematical models are used to verify the risk numbers. On the hardware side, various accepted mathematical models, processes, and methods exist to provide the required proof. To this day, however, there are no closed models or mathematical procedures known that allow for a dependable prediction of software reliability. This work presents a method that makes a prognosis on the residual critical error number in software. Conventional models lack this ability and right now, there are no methods that forecast critical errors. The new method will show that an estimate of the residual error number of critical errors in software systems is possible by using a combination of prediction models, a ratio of critical errors, and the total error number. Subsequently, the critical expected value-function at any point in time can be derived from the new solution method, provided the detection rate has been calculated using an appropriate estimation method. Also, the presented method makes it possible to make an estimate on the critical failure rate. The approach is modelled on a real process and therefore describes two essential processes - detection and correction process.

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The Relationship between Diagnostic Coverage and Proof Test Interval for 1oo2 and 1oo2D architectures

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第24期45卷 181-184页

作者： İlker üstoğlu özgür T. Kaymakçı Josef Börcsök Yıldız Technical University Davutpaşa Campus A209 34220 34220 Esenler İstanbul TURKEY (Tel: +90-535-418-22-64 ) Yıldız Technical University Davutpaşa Campus A210 34220 34220 Esenler İstanbul TURKEY University Kassel Faculty of Electrical Engineering/Computer Science Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 34121 Kassel GERMANY

In order to measure the effectiveness of safety protection systems there are several design parameters. Diagnostic coverage factor is one of the most important parameter which influences all architectures. In this short paper the relationship between PFD avg , DC and T I are presented. 1oo2 and 1oo2D architectures are considered as examples.

关键词： Functional safety 1002 architecture

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Estimation and evaluation of the 1004-architecture for safety related systems

Estimation and evaluation of the 1004-architecture for safet...

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7th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ELECO 2011

作者： Börcsök, Josef Hayek, Ali Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 34121 Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9786050102048

In the standard IEC 61508 miscellaneous architectures for safety related systems are introduced. Depending on the required safety, reliability and availability levels several architectures such as 1002-, 2002-, 1003-, and 2003-architectures can be selected. In this paper, the concept and calculation of a novel architecture is presented. The 1004-architecture (one out of four) represents an advanced safety architecture, which is 3-failure safe. This means that at least one of the four channels have to work correctly in order to trigger the safety function. In order to classify the quality of the proposed architecture for safety related systems the PFD-value is calculated. Additionally, the Markov-model for a 1004-architecture is introduced and the MTTF-value for this architecture is calculated. The results are high safety and high reliability. © 2011 Chamber of Turkish Electric.

关键词： architecture

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Sophisticated Calculation of the 1oo4-architecture for Safety-related systems Conforming to IEC61508

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期364卷

作者： A Hayek M Al Bokhaiti M H Schwarz J Boercsoek To whom any correspondence should be addressed Institute of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Wilhelmshoeher Allee 71 34121 Kassel Germany

With the publication and enforcement of the standard IEC 61508 of safety related systems, recent system architectures have been presented and evaluated. Among a number of techniques and measures to the evaluation of safety integrity level (SIL) for safety-related systems, several measures such as reliability block diagrams and Markov models are used to analyze the probability of failure on demand (PFD) and mean time to failure (MTTF) which conform to IEC 61508. The current paper deals with the quantitative analysis of the novel 1oo4-architecture (one out of four) presented in recent work. Therefore sophisticated calculations for the required parameters are introduced. The provided 1oo4-architecture represents an advanced safety architecture based on on-chip redundancy, which is 3-failure safe. This means that at least one of the four channels have to work correctly in order to trigger the safety function.

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Towards safe data flow processing by integration of design by contract in deterministic UML activities

Towards safe data flow processing by integration of design b...

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2011 23rd International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT 2011

作者： Daw, Zamira Vetter, Marcus Boercsoek, Josef Institute of Embedded Systems Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany Dept. of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781457707469

Data flow processing is a common task of embedded systems which is usually modeled as a pipeline. Errors in a block of this pipeline can be propagated through it thus leading to unexpected and erroneous behaviors. For safety related applications, this pipeline has to be able to identify and react to failures. The DMOSES model-driven development method uses deterministic UML activities to describe and implement data flow processing. This method ensures deterministic behavior of concurrent processing. Design by Contract defines formal, precise and verifiable interfaces for software components. We propose a development method for safe data flow processing based on the integration of this concept in deterministic UML activities. This integration allows the identification of errors by detection of contracts violation. This paper presents an extension of the DMOSES tool for contracts verification at the model level and their monitoring at runtime. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Pipelines

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Data transmission via erasure type channels protected by linear codes

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期364卷

作者： H D Wacker P Pendli J Börcsök To whom any correspondence should be addressed University Kassel Faculty of Electrical Engineering/Computer Science Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 34121 Kassel

The paper is concerned with data transmission via channels composed of a memoryless binary symmetric channel and the erasure channel of Peter Elias. Channels of this type play an important role in modelling different types of networks especially wireless networks, and have been investigated using, amongst others, the theory of Markov chains. Channel Capacities and network flows have been determined. The authors focus their interest on some aspects of coding theory. They assume the data transmission to be protected by a linear code, a CRC for example, and determine the probability of undetected error of the code. They then consider redundant transmission via two or more channels with bit inversion, and calculate the probability of undetected error. They prove some inequalities that are useful instruments to estimate the rate of transmission errors and to determine safety integrity levels according to the standards. Finally the authors apply their results to Bluetooth channels suffering from different types of noise.

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New approach to determine the critical number of failure in software systems

New approach to determine the critical number of failure in ...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： Ossmane Krini Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Software-Engineering is very important today. In industry (specifically by software critical system) it is important to produce high reliable software, i.e. software with low proportion of faults. To produce such reliable software, a long handling process is required, and because this process consumes a large amount of time and resources to achieve the desired reliability goals it is useful to use Software Reliability Stochastic Models to predict the required software testing time. In this paper a new approach to reflecting the residual number of critical failures in software-systems is introduced. There are currently very few processes enabling us to predict the reliability of the critical failures or the critical failure rate for critical systems. Furthermore, we will focus on distinguishing the critical failures in the software. We will thus distinguish both critical as well as non-critical failures in the Software. Therefore it is important to divide the process into two classes, detection- and correction class. To develop an approach it is necessary to determine corresponding distribution functions and model assumptions.

关键词： Software Software reliability Mathematical model Weibull distribution Maximum likelihood estimation

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Enhancing a simulation environment for computer architecture to a systemC based testbench tool for design verification

Enhancing a simulation environment for computer architecture...

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XXII International Symposium on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies, ICAT

作者： M. Westmeier B. Herwig J. Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

This paper presents a simulation environment, which is a C++/systemC based integrated framework for functional verification of designed components or electronic architectures and enhances the existing computer architecture simulation tool named sefca. As the VHDL sources are converted to systemC it is sufficient for verification engineers to have a fundamental knowledge of C++ and the systemC library. The testbench framework uses the same graphical user interface (GUI) based on the wxPython library, which was presented in the sefca tool. Verification of the design is supported by the systemC verification library (SCV). Inter-Process-Communication is used to send the stimuli for simulation input from the GUI to the simulation process and the simulation results back to the online viewer in the GUI. With these enhancements sefca becomes a universal tool for testing the software and the hardware part of a new design at the same time. Working on the transaction level model (TLM) the proposed methodology offers a high performance and a high level of abstraction.

关键词： Clocks Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling Libraries computer architecture Software Hardware

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Estimation and evaluation of the 1004-architecture for safety related systems

Estimation and evaluation of the 1004-architecture for safet...

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International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ELECO

作者： Josef Börcsök Ali Hayek Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

In the standard IEC 61508 miscellaneous architectures for safety related systems are introduced. Depending on the required safety, reliability and availability levels several architectures such as 1oo2-, 2oo2-, 1oo3-, and 2oo3-architectures can be selected. In this paper, the concept and calculation of a novel architecture is presented. The 1oo4-architecture (one out of four) represents an advanced safety architecture, which is 3-failure safe. This means that at least one of the four channels have to work correctly in order to trigger the safety function. In order to classify the quality of the proposed architecture for safety related systems the PFD-value is calculated. Additionally, the Markov-model for a 1oo4-architecture is introduced and the MTTF-value for this architecture is calculated. The results are high safety and high reliability.

关键词： Safety computer architecture Phase frequency detector Availability Probability Markov processes

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