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Ray Maps for Global Illumination

Ray Maps for Global Illumination

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16th Eurographics Symposium on Rendering Techniques, EGSR 2005

作者： Havran, Vlastimil Bittner, Jiří Herzog, Robert Seidel, Hans-Peter MPI Informatik Saarbrücken Germany Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)3905673231

We describe a novel data structure for representinglight transport called ray map. The ray map extends the concept of photon maps: it stores not only photon impacts but the whole photon paths. We demonstrate the utility of ray maps for global illumination by eliminating boundary bias and reducing topological bias of density estimation in global illumination. Thanks to the elimination of boundary bias we could use ray maps for fast direct visualization with the image quality being close to that obtained by the expensive final gathering step. We describe in detail our implementation of the ray map using a lazily constructed kD-tree. We also present several optimizations bringing the ray map query performance close to the performance of the photon map. © The Eurographics Association 2005.

关键词： Photons

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Meta-heuristics for reconstructing cross cut shredded text documents

Meta-heuristics for reconstructing cross cut shredded text d...

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11th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2009

作者： Prandtstetter, Matthias Raidl, Günther R. Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstraße 9-11/186-1 1040 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583259

In this work, we present two new approaches based on variable neighborhood search (VNS) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for the reconstruction of cross cut shredded text documents. For quickly obtaining initial solutions, we consider four different construction heuristics. While one of them is based on the well known algorithm of Prim, another one tries to match shreds according to the similarity of their borders. Two further construction heuristics rely on the fact that in most cases the left and right edges of paper documents are blank, i.e. no text is written on them. Randomized variants of these construction heuristics are applied within the ACO. Experimental tests reveal that regarding the solution quality the proposed ACO variants perform better than the VNS approaches in most cases, while the running times needed are shorter for VNS. The high potential of these approaches for reconstructing cross cut shredded text documents is underlined by the obtained results. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Ant colony optimization

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On-board powerplant numerical optimization of internal combustion engines in series hybrid-powertrains

On-board powerplant numerical optimization of internal combu...

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FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress

作者： Krenek, Thorsten Lauer, Thomas Geringer, Bernhard Christopher, Bacher Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642337765

Serial-hybrid-powertrains in extended-range electric vehicles (E-REV) pose different requirements to internal combustion engines (ICE) than conventional vehicles. In E-REVs ICEs are not used for propulsion but for battery charging and cabin heating. This work deals with the design of ICEs in serial-hybrid-powertrains. It considers different operating strategies as well as the dimensioning of the electric components of the powertrain and the thermal management. Therefore, a longitudinal dynamic model was developed using GT-SUITE including the ICE and the thermal management. The engine was operated on a test bench in parallel to create the necessary maps for the numerical investigations. Due to the high amount of parameters that can be optimized when determining the operating strategies and dimensioning the components, by a numerical optimization method that was developed and customized for this problem. The numerical investigations showed that for higher vehicle speeds the direct propulsion of the ICE is more efficient while for lower speeds the operation of the ICE as a generator is the more efficient strategy. Additionally, the influence of the ambient temperature on the efficiency was taken into account. At low ambient temperatures it is necessary to heat up the driver's cabin electrically. Using a thermal numerical model it was possible to show the dependency on the energy consumption, the component dimensioning and the configuration of the operation strategies. The most favourable powertrain setup and the most efficient operating strategies were achieved by using the described numerical optimization method. The new and comprehensive approach was to consider the entire vehicle including mechanical components, thermal components and operating strategies in the numerical model setup and the holistic optimization of them using self-developed numerical optimization software. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Internal combustion engines

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Practical spectral photography

Practical spectral photography

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33rd Annual Conference on European Association for computer graphics, EUROgraphics 2012

作者： Habel, Ralf Kudenov, Michael Wimmer, Michael Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Austria Optical Detection Lab. University of Arizona United States

We introduce a low-cost and compact spectral imaging camera design based on unmodified consumer cameras and a custom camera objective. The device can be used in a high-resolution configuration that measures the spectrum of a column of an imaged scene with up to 0.8 nm spectral resolution, rivalling commercial non-imaging spectrometers, and a mid-resolution hyperspectral mode that allows the spectral measurement of a whole image, with up to 5 nm spectral resolution and 120×120 spatial resolution. We develop the necessary calibration methods based on halogen/fluorescent lamps and laser pointers to acquire all necessary information about the optical system. We also derive the mathematical methods to interpret and reconstruct spectra directly from the Bayer array images of a standard RGGB camera. This objective design introduces accurate spectral remote sensing to computational photography, with numerous applications in color theory, colorimetry, vision and rendering, making the acquisition of a spectral image as simple as taking a high-dynamic-range image. © 2012 The Author(s).

关键词： Cameras

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Image segmentation based on active contours without edges

Image segmentation based on active contours without edges

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2012 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent computer Communication and Processing, ICCP 2012

作者： Morar, Anca Moldoveanu, Florica Gröller, Eduard Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Romania Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467329514

There are a lot of image segmentation techniques that try to differentiate between background and object pixels, but many of them fail to discriminate between different objects that are close to each other. Some image characteristics like low contrast between background and foreground or inhomogeneity within the objects increase the difficulty of correctly segmenting images. We designed a new segmentation algorithm based on active contours without edges. We also used other image processing techniques such as nonlinear anisotropic diffusion and adaptive thresholding in order to overcome the images' problems stated above. Our algorithm was tested on very noisy images, and the results were compared to those obtained with known methods, like segmentation using active contours without edges and graph cuts. The new technique led to very good results, but the time complexity was a drawback. However, this drawback was significantly reduced with the use of graphical programming. Our segmentation method has been successfully integrated in a software application whose aim is to segment the bones from CT datasets, extract the femur and produce personalized prostheses in hip arthroplasty. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Exploiting hierarchical clustering for finding bounded diameter minimum spanning trees on Euclidean instances

Exploiting hierarchical clustering for finding bounded diame...

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11th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2009

作者： Gruber, Martin Raidl, Günther R. Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstraße 9-11/186-1 1040 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583259

The bounded diameter minimum spanning tree problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem arising, for example, in network design when quality of service is of concern. There exist various exact and metaheuristic approaches addressing this problem, whereas fast construction heuristics are primarily based on Prim's minimum spanning tree algorithm and fail to produce reasonable solutions in particular on large Euclidean instances. A method based on hierarchical clustering to guide the construction process of a diameter constrained tree is presented. Solutions obtained are further refined using a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure. Based on the idea of clustering we also designed a new neighborhood search for this problem. Especially on large Euclidean instances with a tight diameter bound the results are excellent. In this case the solution quality can also compete with that of a leading metaheuristic, whereas the computation only needs a fraction of the time. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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The event tunnel: Interactive visualization of complex event streams for business process pattern analysis

The event tunnel: Interactive visualization of complex event...

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2008 Pacific Visualization Symposium, PacificVis 2008

作者： Suntinger, Martin Schiefer, Josef Obweger, Hannes Gröller, M. Eduard SENACTIVE IT-Dienstleistungs GmbH Institute for Software Technology and Interactive Systems Vienna University of Technology Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419661

Event-based systems are gaining increasing popularity for building loosely coupled and distributed systems. Since business processes are becoming more interconnected and event-driven, event-based systems fit well for supporting and monitoring business processes. In this paper, we present an event-based business intelligence tool, the Event Tunnel framework. It provides an interactive visualization of event streams to support business analysts in exploring business incidents. The visualization is based on the metaphor of considering the event stream as a cylindrical tunnel, which is presented to the user from multiple perspectives. The information of single events laid out in the Event Tunnel is encoded in event glyphs that allow for a selective mapping of event attributes to colors, size and position. Different policies for the placement of the events in the tunnel as well as a clustering mechanism generate various views on historical event data. The Event Tunnel is able to display the relationships between events. This facilitates users to discover root causes and causal dependencies of event patterns. Our framework couples the event-tunnel visualization with query tools that allow users to search for relevant events within a data repository. Using query, filter and highlighting operations the analyst can navigate through the Event Tunnel until the required information or event patterns become visible. We demonstrate our approach with use cases from the fraud management and logistics domain. ©2008 IEEE.

关键词： Visualization

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Finding consensus trees by evolutionary, variable neighborhood search, and hybrid algorithms 08

Finding consensus trees by evolutionary, variable neighborho...

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10th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2008

作者： Pirkwieser, Sandro Raidl, Günther R. Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstraße 9-11/186-1 1040 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781605581309

The consensus tree problem arises in the domain of phylogenetics and seeks to find for a given collection of trees a single tree best representing it. Usually, such a tree collection is obtained by biologists for a given taxa set either via different phylogenetic inference methods or multiple applications of a non-deterministic procedure. There exist various consensus methods which often have the drawback of being very strict, limiting the resulting consensus tree in terms of its resolution and/or precision. A reason for this typically is the coarse granularity of the tree metric used. To find fully resolved (binary) consensus trees of high quality, we consider the fine-grained TreeRank similarity measure and extend a previously presented evolutionary algorithm (EA) to a memetic algorithm (MA) by including different variants of local search using neighborhoods based on moves of single taxa as well as subtrees. Furthermore, we propose a variable neighborhood search (VNS) with an embedded variable neighborhood descent (VND) based on the same neighborhood structures. Finally sequential and intertwined combinations of the EA and MA with the VNS/VND are investigated. We give results on real and artificially generated data indicating in particular the benefits of the hybrid methods. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Phylogenetic

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2nd International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications, DBKDA 2010

作者： Suntinger, Martin Obweger, Hannes Schiefer, Josef Limbeck, Philip Raidl, Günther UC4 Senactive Software GmbH Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539812

In this paper, we present a novel approach towards time-series similarity search. Our technique relies on trends in a curve's movement over time. A trend is characterized by a series' values channeling in a certain direction (up, down, sideways) over a given time period before changing direction. We extract trend-turning points and utilize them for computing the similarity of two series based on the slopes between their turning points. For the turning point extraction, well-known techniques from financial market analysis are applied. The method supports queries of variable lengths and is resistant to different scaling of query and candidate sequence. It supports both subsequence searching and full sequence matching. One particular focus of this work is to enable simple modeling of query patterns as well as efficient similarity score updates in case of appending new data points. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Data mining

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Applying (hybrid) metaheuristics to fuel consumption optimization of hybrid electric vehicles

Applying (hybrid) metaheuristics to fuel consumption optimiz...

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EvoCOMNET, EvoCOMPLEX, EvoFIN, EvoGAMES, EvoHOT, EvoIASP, EvoNUM, EvoPAR, EvoRISK, EvoSTIM, and EvoSTOC, EvoApplications 2012

作者： Krenek, Thorsten Ruthmair, Mario Raidl, Günther R. Planer, Michael Institute for Powertrains and Automotive Technology Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642291777

This work deals with the application of metaheuristics to the fuel consumption minimization problem of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) considering exactly specified driving cycles. A genetic algorithm, a downhill-simplex method and an algorithm based on swarm intelligence are used to find appropriate parameter values aiming at fuel consumption minimization. Finally, the individual metaheuristics are combined to a hybrid optimization algorithm taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of the single procedures. Due to the required time-consuming simulations it is crucial to keep the number of candidate solutions to be evaluated low. This is partly achieved by starting the heuristic search with already meaningful solutions identified by a Monte-Carlo procedure. Experimental results indicate that the implemented hybrid algorithm achieves better results than previously existing optimization methods on a simplified HEV model. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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