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Forensic Analysis of Synthetically Generated Western Blot Images

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mandelli, Sara Cozzolino, Davide Cannas, Edoardo Daniele Cardenuto, João Phillipe Moreira, Daniel Bestagini, Paolo Scheirer, Walter Rocha, Anderson Verdoliva, Luisa Tubaro, Stefano Delp, Edward J. The Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milan20133 Italy The Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e Tecnologie Dell'Informazione University Federico Ii of Naples Naples80125 Italy The Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale University Federico Ii of Naples Naples80125 Italy The Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States The Artificial Intelligence Lab RECOD.ai Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas13083-970 Brazil The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

The widespread diffusion of synthetically generated content is a serious threat that needs urgent countermeasures. As a matter of fact, the generation of synthetic content is not restricted to multimedia data like videos, photographs or audio sequences, but covers a significantly vast area that can include biological images as well, such as western blot and microscopic images. In this paper, we focus on the detection of synthetically generated western blot images. These images are largely explored in the biomedical literature and it has been already shown they can be easily counterfeited with few hopes to spot manipulations by visual inspection or by using standard forensics detectors. To overcome the absence of publicly available data for this task, we create a new dataset comprising more than 14K original western blot images and 24K synthetic western blot images, generated using four different state-of-the-art generation methods. We investigate different strategies to detect synthetic western blots, exploring binary classification methods as well as one-class detectors. In both scenarios, we never exploit synthetic western blot images at training stage. The achieved results show that synthetically generated western blot images can be spot with good accuracy, even though the exploited detectors are not optimized over synthetic versions of these scientific images. We also test the robustness of the developed detectors against post-processing operations commonly performed on scientific images, showing that we can be robust to JPEG compression and that some generative models are easily recognizable, despite the application of editing might alter the artifacts they leave. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image compression

A distributed neural network architecture for robust non-linear spatio-temporal prediction 28

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A distributed neural network architecture for robust non-lin...

28th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, ESANN 2020

作者： Karlbauer, Matthias Otte, Sebastian Lensch, Hendrik P.A. Scholten, Thomas Wulfmeyer, Volker Butz, Martin V. University of Tübingen Neuro-Cognitive Modeling Group Sand 14 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen Computer Graphics Maria-von-Linden-Straße 6 Tübingen72076 Germany University of Tübingen - Soil Science and Geomorphology Rümelinstraße 19-23 Tübingen72070 Germany University of Hohenheim Institute for Physics and Meteorology Garbenstraße 30 Stuttgart70599 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9782875870742

DISTANA - a distributed spatio-temporal artificial neural network architecture - learns to model and predict spatio-temporal time series dynamics. It learns in a parallel, spatially distributed manner while employing a mesh of recurrent, neural prediction kernels (PKs). Individual PKs predict the local data stream and exchange information laterally. DISTANA essentially assumes that generally applicable causes, which may be locally modified, generate the observed data. We show that DISTANA scales and generalizes to large problem spaces, can approximate complex dynamics, and is robust to overfitting, outperforming other competitive ANNs. © ESANN 2020 - Proceedings, 28th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning.

关键词： Network architecture

science with the Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS) 38

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Science with the Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS)

38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Batista, Rafael Alves Ahlers, M. Alves Batista, R. Assis, P. Battisti, M. Bellido, J.A. Bhatnagar, S. Bismark, K. Bister, T. Bohacova, M. Caccianiga, L. Caruso, R. Carvalho, W. Castellina, A. Colalillo, R. Convenga, F. Dawson, B. De Mitri, I. de Palma, F. Deval, L. di Matteo, A. DuVernois, M. Engel, R. Eser, J. Fitoussi, T. Flaggs, B. Fujii, T. Garzelli, M.V. Gkika, V. Hamal, P. Hariharan, B. Haungs, A. Hnatyk, B. Hörandel, J. Horváth, P. Hrabovsky, M. Huege, T. Ikeda, D. Isar, P.G. James, R. Johnsen, J. Kampert, K.-H. Kleifges, M. Koundal, P. Liu, J. Longo, F. Mandat, D. Mariş, I.C. Matthews, J. Mayotte, E. Medina-Tanco, G. Mulrey, K. Muzio, M.S. Nellen, L. Niechciol, M. Ogio, S. Oikonomou, F. Ostrowski, M. Pont, B. Porcelli, A. Rautenberg, J. Rieger, F. Risse, M. Roth, M. Sako, T. Salamida, F. Santangelo, A. Santos, E. Sarazin, F. Saveliev, A. Schimp, M. Schmidt, D. Schröder, F. Sergijenko, O. Sigl, G. Soldin, D. Spiczak, G. Tameda, Y. Unger, M. van Vliet, A. Vorobiov, S. Wibig, T. Wundheiler, B. Yushkov, A. Zotov, M. Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC C Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Madrid28049 Spain Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid M-15 Madrid28049 Spain Niels Bohr Institute Copenhagen Denmark Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Madrid Spain Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Departamento de Física Teórica Madrid Spain Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico Lisboa Portugal Universidade de Lisboa Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas Lisboa Portugal Université de Paris Astroparticule et Cosmologie Paris France The University of Adelaide Physics Department Adelaide Australia Dayalbagh Educational Institute Department of Physics and Computer Science Agra India Institute for Experimental Particle Physics Karlsruhe Germany Radboud University Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Nijmegen Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands Institute of Physics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Sezione di Milano Milan Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy "E. Majorana" University of Catania Catania Italy Sezione di Catania Catania Italy Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Turin Italy Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Naples Italy Sezione di Napoli Naples Italy Università dell’Aquila Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche L’Aquila Italy Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso L’Aquila Assergi Italy Gran Sasso Science Institute L’Aquila Italy Università del Salento Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" Lecce Italy Institute for Astroparticle Physics Karlsruhe Germany University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Physics MadisonWI United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center MadisonWI United States The University of Chicago Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics ChicagoIL United States University of Delaware Bartol Research Institute NewarkDE United States Osaka Metropolitan Univers

The Global Cosmic-ray Observatory (GCOS) is a proposed large-scale observatory for studying ultra-high-energy cosmic particles, including ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), photons, and neutrinos. Its primary goal is to characterise the properties of the highest-energy particles in Nature with unprecedented accuracy, and to identify their elusive sources. With an aperture at least a ten-fold larger than existing observatories, this next-generation facility should start operating after 2030, when present-day detectors will gradually cease their activities. Here we briefly review the scientific case motivating GCOS. We present the status of the project, preliminary ideas for its design, and some estimates of its capabilities. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Recommendations for repositories and scientific gateways from a neuroscience perspective

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sandström, Malin Abrams, Mathew Bjaalie, Jan Hicks, Mona Kennedy, David Kumar, Arvind Poline, J.B. Roy, Prasun Tiesinga, Paul Wachtler, Thomas Goscinski, Wojtek INCF Secretariat Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Institute Of Basic Medical Sciences University Of Oslo Oslo Norway One Mind Department Of Psychiatry University Of Massachusetts Chan Medical School North. Worcester United States Div. Of Computational Science And Technology School Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm Sweden Montreal Neurological Institute Faculty Of Medicine And Health Sciences McGill University Montreal Canada Varanasi India Department Of Neuroinformatics Donders Centre For Neuroscience Faculty Of Science Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Department Of Biology II Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Planegg-Martinsried Germany National Imaging Facility University Of Queensland St Lucia Australia Monash EResearch Centre Monash University Clayton3800 Australia

Digital services such as repositories and science gateways have become key resources for the neuroscience community, but users often have a hard time orienting themselves in the service landscape to find the best fit for their particular needs. INCF (International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility) has developed a set of recommendations and associated criteria for choosing or setting up and running a repository or scientific gateway, intended for the neuroscience community, with a FAIR neuroscience perspective. These recommendations have neurosciences as their primary use case but are often general. Considering the perspectives of researchers and providers of repositories as well as scientific gateways, the recommendations harmonize and complement existing work on criteria for repositories and best practices. The recommendations cover a range of important areas including accessibility, licensing, community responsibility and technical and financial sustainability of a service. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Neurology

Improved Upper Bounds on the Growth Constants of Polyominoes and Polycubes

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Barequet, Gill Shalah, Mira Center for Graphics Geometric Computing Computer Science Department Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Computer Science Department Stanford University CA United States

A d-dimensional polycube is a facet-connected set of cells (cubes) on the d-dimensional cubical lattice Zd. Let Ad(n) denote the number of d-dimensional polycubes (distinct up to translations) with n cubes, and λd denote the limit of the ratio Ad(n+1)/Ad(n) as n → ∞. The exact value of λd is still unknown rigorously for any dimension d ≥ 2;the asymptotics of λd, as d → ∞, also remained elusive as of today. In this paper, we revisit and extend the approach presented by Klarner and Rivest in 1973 to bound A2(n) from above. Our contributions are: • Using available computing power, we prove that λ2 ≤ 4.5252. This is the first improvement of the upper bound on λ2 in almost half a century;• We prove that λd ≤ (2d−2)e+o(1) for any value of d ≥ 2, using a novel construction of a rational generating function which dominates that of the sequence (Ad(n));• For d = 3, this provides a subtantial improvement of the upper bound on λ3 from 12.2071 to 9.8073;• However, we implement an iterative process in three dimensions, which improves further the upper bound on λ3 to 9.3835;Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rational functions

Apple Vision Pro for Healthcare: "The Ultimate Display"? Entering the Wonderland of Precision Medicine

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Egger, Jan Gsaxner, Christina Chen, Xiaojun Bian, Jiang Kleesiek, Jens Puladi, Behrus Girardetstraße 2 Essen45131 Germany Hufelandstraße 55 Essen45147 Germany Hufelandstraße 55 Essen45147 Germany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstraße 30 Aachen52074 Germany Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16/II Graz8010 Austria Institute of Biomedical Manufacturing and Life Quality Engineering State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dongchuan Road 800 Minhang District Shanghai200240 China Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dongchuan Road 800 Minhang District Shanghai200240 China Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine University of Florida GainesvilleFL32610 United States Partner Site Essen Hufelandstraße 55 Essen45147 Germany Department of Physics TU Dortmund University August-Schmidt-Str. 4 Dortmund44227 Germany Institute of Medical Informatics University Hospital RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstraße 30 Aachen52074 Germany

At the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in June 2023, Apple introduced the Vision Pro. The Vision Pro is a Mixed Reality (MR) headset, more specifically it is a Virtual Reality (VR) device with an additional Video See-Through (VST) capability. The VST capability turns the Vision Pro also into an Augmented Reality (AR) device. The AR feature is enabled by streaming the real world via cameras to the (VR) screens in front of the user’s eyes. This is of course not unique and similar to other devices, like the Varjo XR-3. Nevertheless, the Vision Pro has some interesting features, like an inside-out screen that can show the headset wearers’ eyes to "outsiders" or a button on the top, called "Digital Crown", that allows you to seamlessly blend digital content with your physical space by turning it. In addition, it is untethered, except for the cable to the battery, which makes the headset more agile, compared to the Varjo XR-3. This could actually come closer to the "Ultimate Display", which Ivan Sutherland had already sketched in 1965. Not available to the public yet, like the Ultimate Display, we want to take a look into the crystal ball in this perspective to see if it can overcome some clinical challenges that - especially - AR still faces in the medical domain, but also go beyond and discuss if the Vision Pro could support clinicians in essential tasks to spend more time with their patients. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Augmented reality

Characterization of two electronic subsystems in cuprates through optical conductivity

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kumar, C.M.N. Akrap, A. Homes, C.C. Martino, E. Klebel-Knobloch, B. Tabis, W. Barišić, O.S. Sunko, D.K. Barišić, N. Institute of Solid State Physics TU Wien Vienna1040 Austria Institute of Physics Bijenička cesta 46 ZagrebHR-10000 Croatia The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences 152 Radzikowskiego Str. Krakow31-342 Poland Department of Physics University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 3 FribourgCH-1700 Switzerland Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States LausanneCH-1015 Switzerland AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow30-059 Poland Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Bijenička cesta 32 ZagrebHR-10000 Croatia

Understanding the physical properties of unconventional superconductors as well as of other correlated materials presents a formidable challenge. Their unusual evolution with doping, frequency, and temperature has frequently led to non-Fermi-liquid (non-FL) interpretations. Optical conductivity is a major challenge in this context. Here, the optical spectra of two archetypal cuprates, underdoped HgBa2CuO4+δ and optimally-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, are interpreted based on the standard Fermi liquid (FL) paradigm. At both dopings, perfect frequency-temperature FL scaling is found to be modified by the presence of a second, gapped electronic subsystem. This non-FL component emerges as a well-defined mid-infrared spectral feature after the FL contribution—determined independently by transport—is subtracted. Temperature, frequency, and doping evolution of the MIR feature identify a gapped rather than dissipative response. In contrast, the dissipative response is found to be relevant for pnictides and ruthenates. Such an unbiased FL/non-FL separation is extended across the cuprate phase diagram, capturing all the key features of the normal state and providing a natural explanation why the superfluid density is attenuated on the overdoped side. Thus, we obtain a unified interpretation of optical responses and transport measurements in all analyzed physical regimes and all analyzed compounds. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Fermi liquids

Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA): Technological initiatives for 'One Health'

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Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2023年第1期32卷 320-329页

作者： Abd-Alrazaq, Alaa Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb Lakhdari, Kheira Elbokl, Ahmed Farouk, Hani Wahba, Hoda Elgasser, Naema Mohell, Rania Emara, Tamer Ayatollahi, Haleh Kalhori, Sharareh R. Niakan Rabiei, Reza Tara, Mahmood Akhu-Zaheya, Laila Al-Qutob, Raeda Alrazak, Sadam Alabed Al-Jafar, Eiman Alhuwail, Dari Ghazal, Hassan Dehbi, Zineb El Otmani Al Idrissi, Najib Fihri, Ouafaa Fassi Belyamani, Lahcen Shahzad, Tariq Ahmed, Zakiuddin Ahmad, Arfan Shah, Zubair Hamra, Eman Abu Taweel, Adel Nashwan, Abdulqadir J. Househ, Mowafa Hamdi, Mounir Al-Thani, Dena Alam, Tanvir Alshammari, Abdulwahhab Alnafrani, Sana Alali, Haitham AI Center for Precision Health Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatarc Doha Qatar EHealth Development Association Amman Jordan Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen Chetouane Algeria Ain Shams University Virtual Hospital Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt World Health Organization Cairo Egypt Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Center Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Health Management and Economics Research Center Health Management Research Institute Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Information Management School of Health Management and Information Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Information Management School of Allied Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics (PLRI) Technical University of Braunschweig Hannover Medical School Braunschweig Germany Department of Health Information Technology and Management School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciencesc Tehran Iran Department of Medical Informatics Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesc Mashhad Iran School of Nursing Jordan University of Science and Technology Jordan Jordan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Amman Jordan Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Kuwait Health Informatics Association Kuwait Information Science Department College of Life Sciences Kuwait University Kuwait Health Informatics Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Casablanca Morocco National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) Rabat Morocco Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Rabat Morocco COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Islamabad Pakistan Digital Care Karachi Pakistan College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Al Quds Unive

MENAHIA (Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association) is the International Medical Informatics Association chapter dedicated to the Middle East and North Africa region. This region is rapidly growing in terms of the use of health informatics or what has been recently coined digital health. Human health is highly affected by the health of the environment, animal health, food, nutrition, climate change, and many other factors that are beyond the biological or genetic structure of human beings. The impact of animal health and the health of the environment on people's health is an old phenomenon but recent reemerging and appearance of diseases have clearly demonstrated the link between these. The Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that almost all of us have been suffering from is an example of this. A number of countries in the region have already shown the depth and the work that they do to integrate the concept of 'One Health' in the public health surveillance system as they have described the work that has been done to capture data from databases other than those dealing with human beings. The examples that were provided to monitor the health of animals, agriculture, environmental health, climate change, and man-made and natural disasters are just examples of what countries have been registering in their databases and informing the health authorities of these changes and emerging trends. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： 'One Health' 'One Health' informatics Algeria Artificial Intelligence Climate Change Digital Health Egypt Health Informatics Health Information Technologies International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Iran Jordan Kuwait MENAHIA Middle East and North Africa Morocco Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Zoonitic Diseases

Content-Aware Multi-Level Guidance for Interactive Instance Segmentation

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Content-Aware Multi-Level Guidance for Interactive Instance ...

IEEE/CVF Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

作者： Soumajit Majumder Angela Yao Institute of Computer Science II University of Bonn School of Computing National University of Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781728132945

In interactive instance segmentation, users give feedback to iteratively refine segmentation masks. The user-provided clicks are transformed into guidance maps which provide the network with necessary cues on the whereabouts of the object of interest. Guidance maps used in current systems are purely distance-based and are either too localized or non-informative. We propose a novel transformation of user clicks to generate content-aware guidance maps that leverage the hierarchical structural information present in an image. Using our guidance maps, even the most basic FCNs are able to outperform existing approaches that require state-of-the-art segmentation networks pre-trained on large scale segmentation datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed transformation strategy through comprehensive experimentation in which we significantly raise state-of-the-art on four standard interactive segmentation benchmarks.

关键词： Guidance Interactive maps Feedback Consumers Imagery (Psychotherapy) images