Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have evolved from a niche application for rapid prototyping into a crucial technological and economically significant industry for functional parts. However, many processes can...
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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have evolved from a niche application for rapid prototyping into a crucial technological and economically significant industry for functional parts. However, many processes cannot guarantee the required component properties for industrial applications. Here, anisotropic strength properties introduced in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are major constraints. These production-related strength properties originate in the weak bonds between plastic beads and thus between layers, which considerably affects the strength of the part in multi-axial stress conditions. Multi-axis FDM printing enables the diminishment of this effect by using Curved Layer Slicing. However, suitable path planning tools have not been developed to realize this approach on an industrial level. This paper describes a method for strength optimization under consideration of the manufacturing boundary conditions. This path planning method is based on a subdivision of the CAD part into sub-volumes, which comprise homogeneous sets of principal stress trajectories, as determined by the Finite Element Analysis. Subsequently, the sub-volumes are sliced individually using a Curved Layer Slicing approach and paths on the different layers are aligned with the principal stress trajectories. This method generates and uses strength-oriented meta data, which closes a crucial interface between CAD, CAM and AM processes.
During virtual commissioning, the real control technology is put into operation in advance using a model-based digital twin of the production system. The growing demands on the significance of digital twins result in ...
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During virtual commissioning, the real control technology is put into operation in advance using a model-based digital twin of the production system. The growing demands on the significance of digital twins result in the need for higher model depths and model scopes of the behavior models used. However, new approaches to enhance the usable computing power in a real-time simulation are required. This paper presents a real-time co-simulation platform for virtual commissioning. The platform includes the integration of powerful technology-specific simulation solutions based on integration interfaces and a real-time co-simulation architecture based on partitioning, parallelization, synchronization and data exchange mechanisms.
Since the rise of production planning and controlsystems those systems were subject to changes and further development due to new requirements and possibilities. Recently, Industry 4.0 and especially the cloud manufa...
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Since the rise of production planning and controlsystems those systems were subject to changes and further development due to new requirements and possibilities. Recently, Industry 4.0 and especially the cloud manufacturing paradigm brought up new requirements as connectivity demands, which are not fulfilled by current realizations of production planning and controlsystems. To adapt such systems to connectivity requirements, current software architectures have to be revised. Therefore, within this paper a new software architecture for production planning and controlsystems is introduced providing a basis for data exchange in-between such systems.
Complex production systems, which have to handle product diversity and short product life cycles, can only be stable and efficient when successfully tested prior to their start-up. Also, changes in automation software...
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Complex production systems, which have to handle product diversity and short product life cycles, can only be stable and efficient when successfully tested prior to their start-up. Also, changes in automation software within the life cycle of a production system should be verified through repetitive testing before applying the new software version. Therefore, test automation in combination with fault injection on a virtual model of the production system is seen as the next step to improve the verification and validation of a production system. This work presents an approach to achieve negative test cases for a test automation framework.
If existing communication systems are converted to OPC UA, an OPC UA information model is required for the existing data structures. In small systems, an information model can be created manually with reasonable effor...
If existing communication systems are converted to OPC UA, an OPC UA information model is required for the existing data structures. In small systems, an information model can be created manually with reasonable effort. In systems with numerous data structures, however, the effort for manual creation is too demanding. In order to continue using the existing data structures in the code without having to handle OPC UA-specific data structures, a transformation between the existing data structures and the OPC UA information model is necessary. This article presents a possibility of generating an OPC UA information model by a description of the existing data structures, e.g. generated based on ROS messages. The description of data structures is evaluated at runtime and linked with the existing data structures. The different representations for the different access types (read, request/response) in the OPC UA information model are discussed. In addition, an OPC UA client can read the information model from the descriptions of the data structures and write the read data back to the original data structure. In this way, both the provision of the data via OPC UA and the reception are possible. The adaptation effort of the existing software is minimal, since the existing structures are automatically populated and can still be used as usual.
In the area of production, individual domains are growing more and more closely together. Producing value-added chains and complex supply chains is becoming increasingly intertwined in the process of production planni...
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In the area of production, individual domains are growing more and more closely together. Producing value-added chains and complex supply chains is becoming increasingly intertwined in the process of production planning. The exchange of data between the involved partners plays a critical role. The needs of the customer, the current order situation of the supplier as well as the manufacturing process dependencies of the manufacturer must be coordinated in a symbiotic manner to achieve efficient production. Therefore, this paper presents a variant of cloud manufacturing, collective cloud manufacturing, which focuses on the formation of cross-company symbioses to exchange production information in an environment isolated for data protection via an evolutionary needs model. For this purpose, a previously presented concept and the challenges of industry strategies are described to show how the concept of collective cloud manufacturing can meet the requirements of digitalization.
Cloud manufacturing (CM) offers the possibility to use and provide production services within an as-a-service concept. The CM paradigm enables more efficient resource utilization in the context of industry 4.0 through...
Cloud manufacturing (CM) offers the possibility to use and provide production services within an as-a-service concept. The CM paradigm enables more efficient resource utilization in the context of industry 4.0 through fully automated order processing. Existing architecture solutions, however, follow a central platform approach with a global neutral data model. As a consequence, the individuality of companies within the CM is not given any room for expression and symbioses between companies are not established. The result is a disadvantage particularly for SMEs, which generate their competitive advantage from innovative production technologies and symbiotic connections with customers and other SMEs. The focus of Collective Cloud manufacturing (CCM) is the preservation of these characteristics, in which an over-approximation of costs through the integration of production-related simulations is to be reduced and the data security of the customer is to be enhanced. So in this work, a data model for an existing concept for CCM is presented. The requirements for the data model and the runtime behavior are defined. Subsequently, the state of the art of existing models in the domain of CM is presented. The developed data model is presented with an application evaluation.
Internet-of-Things is gaining importance in the field of industrial automation. Furthermore, for long-term success in dynamic markets producing companies need more and more agile and flexible production systems. There...
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In many sectors such as the aerospace industry, the manufacturing of rotating components is based on multi-stage production systems to achieve the complex requirements of high quality products. Even in the presence of...
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In many sectors such as the aerospace industry, the manufacturing of rotating components is based on multi-stage production systems to achieve the complex requirements of high quality products. Even in the presence of Industry 4.0 and the increasing connectivity, these systems are very prone to failure due to the high level of potential influences of both the system and the products, ultimately leading to defects. The project "ForZDM", funded by the EU under Horizon2020, envisions reducing scrap rate by avoiding and compensating defects at an early stage thus guaranteeing a high quality product. This paper presents an approach using an existing manufacturing line to compensate the dimensional deviations of an inner contour of a turbine shaft at an early stage. Based on measurements of the inner contour, a new rotation axis for the subsequent manufacturing processes is calculated in order to avoid unbalances at the end-of-line control. Different algorithms are developed and integrated in a web-based application to find an optimal rotation axis under consideration of the to-be-manufactured outer contour in an operator-friendly usage on the shop floor. The application is connected with the measurement system and the subsequent CNC machine which enables automatic execution and data transfer.
Since the rise of production planning and controlsystems those systems were subject to changes and further development due to new requirements and possibilities. This necessitates to continuously keep track of curren...
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