Introduction Increasing vaccine uptake is an effective way to prevent COVID-19 infection in individual countries after the relaxation of social distancing. However, under the limited vaccine resources, vaccine inequal...
Introduction Increasing vaccine uptake is an effective way to prevent COVID-19 infection in individual countries after the relaxation of social distancing. However, under the limited vaccine resources, vaccine inequality between high- and low-income countries can also produce more infection and cost. Reducing such inequality relies on a more cooperative (unselfish) strategy, such as vaccine donation from high-income countries, which may initially increase their cost. The study aims to analyze the impact of vaccine inequality on cooperative decision-making between two populations. The results provide important insights on achieving global control of infectious disease outbreaks. Material and Methods We developed a transmission model incorporating virus evolution under different vaccine-induced natural selection and the migration to allow a long-term repeated outbreak. Vaccine allocation strategies were implemented between two populations the high vaccine coverage population (HC) and the low coverage population (LC). A game theory approach was employed to explore whether pursuing minimum cost for both sides (cooperative strategy) or itself (non-cooperative strategy) for each population. We estimated the effect of each strategy on the total cost (i.e. the sum of vaccine, hospitalization and labor costs). The Nash equilibrium was obtained by minimizing their own cost for individual countries under different vaccine inequality scenarios (from low to high inequality). Results Under low inequality, both populations achieved the same optimal cost with both cooperative and non-cooperative strategies. Under medium or high inequality, both populations reached a Nash equilibrium with non-cooperative strategies and could not reach global optimum. When inequality was high, HC tended towards vaccine donation even though non-cooperative strategies were adopted. Discussion When inequality is high, although cooperative decisions can obtain global optimal outcomes, populations tend to
Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, necessitating precise delivery of radiation to tumors while sparing healthy tissues over multiple days. Computed tomography (CT) is integral for treatment pl...
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A key factor for assessing the state of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is to measure whether the myocardium segment is viable after reperfusion or revascularization therapy. Delayed enhancement-MRI or DE-M...
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We propose a novel and principled method to learn a nonparametric graph model called graphon, which is defined in an infinite-dimensional space and represents arbitrary-size graphs. Based on the weak regularity lemma ...
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Demand for peptide-based pharmaceuticals has been steadily increasing, but only limited success has been achieved to date. To expedite peptide-based drug discovery, we developed a general scheme for cell-based screeni...
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Demand for peptide-based pharmaceuticals has been steadily increasing, but only limited success has been achieved to date. To expedite peptide-based drug discovery, we developed a general scheme for cell-based screening of cyclic peptide inhibitors armed with a user-designed warhead. We combined unnatural amino acid incorporation and split intein-mediated peptide cyclization techniques and integrated a yeast-based colorimetric screening assay to generate a new scheme that we call the custom-designed warhead-armed cyclic peptide screening platform (CWCPS). This strategy successfully discovered a potent inhibitor, CY5-6Q, that targets human histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) with a K D value of 15 nM. This approach can be a versatile and general platform for discovering cyclic peptide inhibitors.
This study presents an advanced hybrid approach for detecting near-duplicate texts in the Kazakh language, addressing the specific challenges posed by its agglutinative morphology. The proposed method combines statist...
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This study presents an advanced hybrid approach for detecting near-duplicate texts in the Kazakh language, addressing the specific challenges posed by its agglutinative morphology. The proposed method combines statistical and semantic techniques, including N-gram analysis, TF-IDF, LSH, LSA, and LDA, and is benchmarked against the bert-base-multilingual-cased model. Experiments were conducted on the purpose-built Arailym-aitu/KazakhTextDuplicates corpus, which contains over 25,000 manually modified text fragments using typical techniques, such as paraphrasing, word order changes, synonym substitution, and morphological transformations. The results show that the hybrid model achieves a precision of 1.00, a recall of 0.73, and an F1-score of 0.84, significantly outperforming traditional N-gram and TF-IDF approaches and demonstrating comparable accuracy to the BERT model while requiring substantially lower computational resources. The hybrid model proved highly effective in detecting various types of near-duplicate texts, including paraphrased and structurally modified content, making it suitable for practical applications in academic integrity verification, plagiarism detection, and intelligent text analysis. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of lightweight hybrid architectures as a practical alternative to large transformer-based models, particularly for languages with limited annotated corpora and linguistic resources. It lays the foundation for future research in cross-lingual duplicate detection and deep model adaptation for the Kazakh language.
The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)swept across the world in early 2020,triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries,including China,Spain,India,the U.K.,Italy,France,G...
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The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)swept across the world in early 2020,triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries,including China,Spain,India,the U.K.,Italy,France,Germany,Brazil,Russia,and the *** transmission of the virus accelerated rapidly with the most confirmed cases in the U.S.,India,Russia,and *** response to this national and global emergency,the NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center brought together a taskforce of international researchers and assembled implementation strategies to rapidly respond to this crisis,for supporting research,saving lives,and protecting the health of global *** perspective paper presents our collective view on the global health emergency and our effort in collecting,analyzing,and sharing relevant data on global policy and government responses,human mobility,environmental impact,socioeconomical impact;in developing research capabilities and mitigation measures with global scientists,promoting collaborative research on outbreak dynamics,and reflecting on the dynamic responses from human societies.
The photon polarization in b→sγ transitions is measured for the first time in radiative b -baryon decays exploiting the unique spin structure of Λb0→Λγ decays. A data sample corresponding to an integrated lumino...
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The photon polarization in b→sγ transitions is measured for the first time in radiative b -baryon decays exploiting the unique spin structure of Λb0→Λγ decays. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used. The photon polarization is measured to be αγ=0.82−0.26−0.13+0.17+0.04, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and previous measurements in b -meson decays. Charge-parity breaking effects are studied for the first time in this observable and found to be consistent with CP symmetry.
Computed Tomography (CT) takes X-ray measurements on the subjects to reconstruct tomographic images. As X-ray is radioactive, it is desirable to control the total amount of dose of X-ray for safety concerns. Therefore...
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