State of the art natural language processing tools are built on context-dependent word embeddings, but no direct method for evaluating these representations currently exists. Standard tasks and datasets for intrinsic ...
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Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT gen...
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Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.
Recently, modified hydrotalcite-like materials featuring layers of metal oxides have gained significant attention as improved supports for nanoparticles (NPs) due to their well electronic effects that intrinsically st...
Recently, modified hydrotalcite-like materials featuring layers of metal oxides have gained significant attention as improved supports for nanoparticles (NPs) due to their well electronic effects that intrinsically stabilize the deposited NPs. This research presents a refined methodology for synthesizing palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using green tea extract-modified zinc-aluminum mixed oxides (Zn(Al)O/GT extract/Pd NPs). Green tea extract serves as a platform and a green reducing agent, enabling the in situ formation of Pd NPs without the use of harsh chemicals. This innovative approach represents the first occasion of designing and bio-generating Pd NPs coordinated on Zn(Al)O mixed oxides, along with their catalytic effects for the cyanation of aryl halides. The physicochemical properties of the resulting materials were evaluated utilizing a range of techniques including FE-SEM, elemental mapping, EDX, TEM, and ICP-OES analysis. The Zn(Al)O/GT extract/Pd NPs nanocatalyst showed exceptional catalytic efficiency as a recyclable platform for the cyanation of iodo- and bromo-benzene derivatives, employing K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] as the cyanating sorce. The obtained benzonitriles were produced in good yields, and the catalyst demonstrated the capacity to be reused up to 7 runs with only a minimal reduction in its efficacy.
T cells exercise a multitude of functions such as cytotoxicity, secretion of immunomodulating cytokines or regulation of tolerance, collectively resulting in an effective control of immune-related disease. Through the...
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T cells exercise a multitude of functions such as cytotoxicity, secretion of immunomodulating cytokines or regulation of tolerance, collectively resulting in an effective control of immune-related disease. Through the unique mechanism of V(D)J recombination, T cells express a highly specific receptor complex known as the T-cell receptor (TCR). Single-cell sequencing technologies have paved the road for interrogating the transcriptome and the paired αβ TCR repertoire of a single T cell in tandem. In contrast, conventional bulk methods are restricted to only one layer of information. This combination of transcriptomic- and repertoire information can provide novel insight into the functional character of T cell immunity. Recently, single-cell technologies have gained in popularity due to improvements in throughput, decrease in cost and the ability for multimodal experiments that integrate different information layers. Consequently, this prompts the need for the development of novel computational tools that integrate transcriptomic profiles and corresponding features of the TCR repertoire. Here we discuss the current progress in the field of single-cell T cell sequencing, with a focus on the multimodality of new approaches that allow the paired profiling of cellular phenotype and clonotype information. In addition, this review provides detailed descriptions of recent computational developments for analyzing single-cell TCR sequencing data in an integrative manner using novel computational approaches. Finally, we present an overview of the available software tools that can be used to perform integrative analysis of gene expression and TCR profiles.
The toxicity of drugs causes various adverse effects in patients. While antidotes that neutralize drug toxicity help reduce systemic damage during clinical therapy, these antidotes are generally accompanied by the los...
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The toxicity of drugs causes various adverse effects in patients. While antidotes that neutralize drug toxicity help reduce systemic damage during clinical therapy, these antidotes are generally accompanied by the loss of drug efficacy. Herein, the spatiotemporally targeted polycystine-based nanoantidotes were designed as a neutralizer of cisplatin (CDDP) to decrease its toxicity without affecting its anticancer efficacy. The nanoantidotes administered before CDDP selectively accumulated in the liver and kidney and then firmly bound to CDDP through the highly stable Pt−S bond during subsequent chemotherapy. This two-step administration strategy reduced the level of Pt in normal organs, shortened the half-life of CDDP in plasma, and increased the tolerance to CDDP. More importantly, the nanoantidotes maintained the anticancer efficacy of CDDP after reducing systemic toxicity, indicating its great potential in expanding the clinical application of CDDP.
Coastal urban environments face unique challenges associated with air quality-meteorology interactions. In this study, high resolution chemical transport modeling over the Greater Boston area was performed to improve ...
Coastal urban environments face unique challenges associated with air quality-meteorology interactions. In this study, high resolution chemical transport modeling over the Greater Boston area was performed to improve our understanding of sea breezes impacts on the spatiotemporal variability of primary and secondary pollutants. We perform WRF-Chem simulations at 3 km resolution over June 22 to 10 July 2019 (a period that included 10 sea breeze occurrences), and use Pandora tropospheric NO 2 column, surface air quality monitoring, and vertical meteorological aircraft profiles for evaluation. The model generally reproduces observed spatiotemporal variability of air pollution during sea breezes well. Tropospheric columns of NO 2 predicted by the model and observed by the Pandora instrument show that sea breezes are associated with rapid increases and steep gradients in tropospheric NO 2 and confirm accumulation of local primary emissions. Spatial heterogeneity in tropospheric NO 2 is strongly governed by inland penetration lengths of the sea breeze front. Process diagnostics show that three sea-breeze days where O 3 observations recorded hourly concentrations >70 ppb have both efficient net chemical O 3 production in the boundary layer (>10 ppb/hr) and rapid O 3 convergence in the near-surface convergence zone (>20 ppb/hr). During sea breezes, interactions between photochemistry, the convergence zone inland penetration, and urban NO x titration effects, contribute to strong heterogeneity and high O 3 inland that is not captured by the current monitoring network. We discuss monitoring needs and model applications for the sea breeze scenarios, with broad implications for air quality monitoring in coastal urban environments. High resolution WRF-Chem modeling reproduces observed spatiotemporal variability of NO 2 and O 3 during sea breezes in the Greater Boston area Model results suggest high O 3 pollution and NO 2 column spatial variability associated with sea breezes is n
A search for the doubly charmed baryon ?cc+ with the decay mode c Ω_(cc)^(+)→ Ξc+K-π+ is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016...
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A search for the doubly charmed baryon ?cc+ with the decay mode c Ω_(cc)^(+)→ Ξc+K-π+ is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1. No significant signal is observed within the invariant mass range of 3.6 to 4.0 GeV/c2. Upper limits are set on the ratio R of the production cross-section times the total branching fraction of the Ω_(cc)^(+)→ Ξc+K-π+ decay with respect to the Ξcc++→ Λc+K-π+π+ decay. Upper limits at 95% credibility level for R in the range 0.005 to 0.11 are obtained for diferent hypotheses on the ?cc+ mass and lifetime in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/c.
Performance comparisons are fundamental in medical imaging Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, often driving claims of superiority based on relative improvements in common performance metrics. However, such claims ...
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Accurate computing, analysis and modeling of the ventricles and myocardium from medical images are important, especially in the diagnosis and treatment management for patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI)...
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Accurate computing, analysis and modeling of the ventricles and myocardium from medical images are important, especially in the diagnosis and treatment management for patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides an important protocol to visualize MI. However, automated segmentation of LGE CMR is still challenging, due to the indistinguishable boundaries, heterogeneous intensity distribution and complex enhancement patterns of pathological myocardium from LGE CMR. Furthermore, compared with the other sequences LGE CMR images with gold standard labels are particularly limited, which represents another obstacle for developing novel algorithms for automatic segmentation of LGE CMR. This paper presents the selective results from the Multi-Sequence Cardiac MR (MS-CMR) Segmentation challenge, in conjunction with MICCAI 2019. The challenge offered a data set of paired MS-CMR images, including auxiliary CMR sequences as well as LGE CMR, from 45 patients who underwent cardiomyopathy. It was aimed to develop new algorithms, as well as benchmark existing ones for LGE CMR segmentation and compare them objectively. In addition, the paired MS-CMR images could enable algorithms to combine the complementary information from the other sequences for the segmentation of LGE CMR. Nine representative works were selected for evaluation and comparisons, among which three methods are unsupervised methods and the other six are supervised. The results showed that the average performance of the nine methods was comparable to the inter-observer variations. Particularly, the top-ranking algorithms from both the supervised and unsupervised methods could generate reliable and robust segmentation results. The success of these methods was mainly attributed to the inclusion of the auxiliary sequences from the MS-CMR images, which provide important label information for the training of deep neural networks. The challeng
A search for the doubly charmed baryon ?cc+with the decay mode ?cc+→Ξc+K-π+is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018, co...
A search for the doubly charmed baryon ?cc+with the decay mode ?cc+→Ξc+K-π+is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1. No significant signal is observed within the invariant mass range of 3.6 to 4.0 GeV/c2. Upper limits are set on the ratio R of the production cross-section times the total branching fraction of the ?cc+→Ξc+K-π+decay with respect to the Ξcc++→Λc+K-π+π+decay. Upper limits at 95% credibility level for R in the range 0.005 to 0.11 are obtained for diferent hypotheses on the ?cc+mass and lifetime in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/c.
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