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arXiv 2025年

作者： Al-Khatib, Abdullah Ahmed, Abdullah Moessner, Klaus Timinger, Holger Institute for Data and Process Science Landshut University of Applied Sciences Germany Communications Engineering Technical University Chemnitz Germany

Onsite bandwidth reservation requests often face challenges such as price fluctuations and fairness issues due to unpredictable bandwidth availability and stringent latency requirements. Requesting bandwidth in advance can mitigate the impact of these fluctuations and ensure timely access to critical resources. In a multi-Mobile Network Operator (MNO) environment, vehicles need to select cost-effective and reliable resources for their safety-critical applications. This research aims to minimize resource costs by finding the best price among multiple MNOs. It formulates multi-operator scenarios as a Markov Decision process (MDP), utilizing a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm, specifically Dueling Deep Q-Learning. For efficient and stable learning, we propose a novel area-wise approach and an adaptive MDP synthetic close to the real environment. The Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) is used to handle time-dependent data and model training. Furthermore, the research leverages Amazon spot price data and adopts a multi-phase training approach, involving initial training on synthetic data, followed by real-world data. These phases enable the DRL agent to make informed decisions using insights from historical data and real-time observations. The results show that our model leads to significant cost reductions, up to 40%, compared to scenarios without a policy model in such a complex environment. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Markov processes

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Distribution and ecological risks of microplastics in a tropical tourism island area in Hainan,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2025年第2期43卷 433-445页

作者： Weijie BIAN Rui SUN Yurui LI Shuguo LÜ Dongwei YANG Hongbo LI Yingxu ZENG Min LIU Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute/Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-environment Process and Carbon Sink of Hainan Province/Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan/College of Ecology and Environment Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572022China Hainan Academy of Environmental Science Haikou 571126China Key Laboratory of Island Tourism Resource Data Mining and Monitoring Ministry of Culture and TourismHainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572022China National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Dalian 116023China

Microplastics are a widely distributed pollutant that threatens the growth and health of marine *** to the mainland,island ecosystems with unique characteristics are fragile and sensitive to natural and human *** investigated the characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in the soils of Wuzhizhou Island,Hainan,China,and its surrounding nearshore sediments affected by human *** show that the microplastic abundance in soil was 1116.67 items/kg;the particles were fragmented in size of less than 2 mm,the main polymer types were polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE),and polybutylene(PB),in transparent,gray,green,or *** microplastic abundances in nearshore sediments of Wuzhizhou Island and the surrounding Haitang Bay were 274.67 and 755.17 items/kg,respectively;the particles were mainly fibrous,less than 1 mm in size,the main polymer types were rayon and polyethylene terephthalate(PET),mostly *** abundance of microplastics showed a decreasing trend from shore to *** in the supratidal and intertidal zones differed in mainly the abundance and *** microplastics in land soil were from tourism activities and infrastructure while the those in nearshore sediments came from not only tourism but also domestic sewage and fishing *** ecological risk of microplastics in the terrestrial soils of Wuzhizhou Island was higher than that in its surrounding nearshore *** findings help to gain a deeper understanding of microplastic pollution in the island subjected to intensive human activities,and provide a scientific basis for subsequent in-situ toxicology research on microplastics and plastic pollution control.

关键词： microplastic occurrence characteristic ecological risk tropical tourism island

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Enhancing Machine Learning Potentials through Transfer Learning across Chemical Elements

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Röcken, Sebastien Zavadlav, Julija Department of Engineering Physics and Computation TUM School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Germany Munich Data Science Institute Munich Institute for Integrated Materials Energy and Process Engineering Technical University of Munich Germany

Machine Learning Potentials (MLPs) can enable simulations of ab initio accuracy at orders of magnitude lower computational cost. However, their effectiveness hinges on the availability of considerable datasets to ensure robust generalization across chemical space and thermodynamic conditions. The generation of such datasets can be labor-intensive, highlighting the need for innovative methods to train MLPs in data-scarce scenarios. Here, we introduce transfer learning of potential energy surfaces between chemically similar elements. Specifically, we leverage the trained MLP for silicon to initialize and expedite the training of an MLP for germanium. Utilizing classical force field and ab initio datasets, we demonstrate that transfer learning surpasses traditional training from scratch in force prediction, leading to more stable simulations and improved temperature transferability. These advantages become even more pronounced as the training dataset size decreases. The out-of-target property analysis shows that transfer learning leads to beneficial but sometimes adversarial effects. Our findings demonstrate that transfer learning across chemical elements is a promising technique for developing accurate and numerically stable MLPs, particularly in a data-scarce regime. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potential energy surfaces

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LARGE-SCALE THERMO-MECHANICAL SIMULATION OF LASER BEAM WELDING USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING: A QUALITATIVE REPRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bevilacqua, Tommaso Gumenyuk, Andrey Habibi, Niloufar Hartwig, Philipp Klawonn, Axel Lanser, Martin Rethmeier, Michael Scheunemann, Lisa Schröder, Jörg Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Germany Berlin Germany Institute of Mechanics Department of Civil Engineering University Duisburg-Essen Germany Center for Data and Simulation Science University of Cologne Germany Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Germany

Laser beam welding is a non-contact joining technique that has gained significant importance in the course of the increasing degree of automation in industrial manufacturing. This process has established itself as a suitable joining tool for metallic materials due to its non-contact processing, short cycle times, and small heat-affected zones. One potential problem, however, is the formation of solidification cracks, which particularly affects alloys with a pronounced melting range. Since solidification cracking is influenced by both temperature and strain rate, precise measurement technologies are of crucial importance. For this purpose, as an experimental setup, a Controlled Tensile Weldability (CTW) test combined with a local deformation measurement technique is used. The aim of the present work is the development of computational methods and software tools to numerically simulate the CTW. The numerical results are compared with those obtained from the experimental CTW. In this study, an austenitic stainless steel sheet is selected. A thermo-elastoplastic material behavior with temperature-dependent material parameters is assumed. The time-dependent problem is first discretized in time and then the resulting nonlinear problem is linearized with Newton’s method. For the discretization in space, finite elements are used. In order to obtain a sufficiently accurate solution, a large number of finite elements has to be used. In each Newton step, this yields a large linear system of equations that has to be solved. Therefore, a highly parallel scalable solver framework, based on the software library PETSc, was used to solve this computationally challenging problem on a high-performance computing architecture. Finally, the experimental results and the numerical simulations are compared, showing to be qualitatively in good *** Codes 65M55, 65M60, 74F05 Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser beam welding

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Unified Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhe Wu, Gaochang Zhang, Jing Zhu, Xiatian Tao, Dacheng Chai, Tianyou Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang China Wuhan University School of Computer Science China University of Surrey Surrey Institute for People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing Guildford United Kingdom Nanyang Technological University College of Computing & Data Science Singapore

Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation (UDA-SS) aims to transfer the supervision from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled and shifted target domain. The majority of existing UDA-SS works typically consider images whilst recent attempts have extended further to tackle videos by modeling the temporal dimension. Although two lines of research share the major challenges - overcoming the underlying domain distribution shift, their studies are largely independent. It causes several issues: (1) The insights gained from each line of research remain fragmented, leading to a lack of holistic understanding of the problem and potential solutions. (2) Preventing the unification of methods and best practices across two scenarios (images and videos) will lead to redundant efforts and missed opportunities for cross-pollination of ideas. (3) Without a unified approach, the knowledge and advancements made in one scenario may not be effectively transferred to the other, leading to suboptimal performance and slower progress. Under this observation, we advocate unifying the study of UDA-SS across video and image scenarios, enabling a more comprehensive understanding, synergistic advancements, and efficient knowledge sharing. To that end, we explore the unified UDA-SS from a general domain augmentation perspective, serving as a unifying framework, enabling improved generalization, and potential for cross-pollination, ultimately contributing to the practical impact and overall progress. Specifically, we propose a Quad-directional Mixup (QuadMix) method, characterized by tackling intra-domain discontinuity, fragmented gap bridging, and feature inconsistencies through four-directional paths designed for intra- and inter-domain mixing within an explicit feature space. To deal with temporal shifts within videos, we incorporate optical flow-guided feature aggregation across spatial and temporal dimensions for fine-grained domain alignment, which is extendable to image scenarios

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Invariance Pair-Guided Learning: Enhancing Robustness in Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Surner, Martin Khelil, Abdelmajid Bothmann, Ludwig Institute for Data and Process Science Landshut University of Applied Sciences Am Lurzenhof 1 Landshut Bavaria84036 Germany Computer Science Department Landshut University of Applied Sciences Am Lurzenhof 1 Landshut Bavaria84036 Germany Department of Statistics LMU Munich Ludwigstraße 33 Munich80539 Germany Munich Germany

Out-of-distribution generalization of machine learning models remains challenging since the models are inherently bound to the training data distribution. This especially manifests, when the learned models rely on spurious correlations. Most of the existing approaches apply data manipulation, representation learning, or learning strategies to achieve generalizable models. Unfortunately, these approaches usually require multiple training domains, group labels, specialized augmentation, or pre-processing to reach generalizable models. We propose a novel approach that addresses these limitations by providing a technique to guide the neural network through the training phase. We first establish input pairs, representing the spurious attribute and describing the invariance, a characteristic that should not affect the outcome of the model. Based on these pairs, we form a corrective gradient complementing the traditional gradient descent approach. We further make this correction mechanism adaptive based on a predefined invariance condition. Experiments on ColoredMNIST, Waterbird-100, and CelebA datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and the robustness to group shifts. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Designing Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Membranes by Electrospinning and Cross-Linking for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第19期17卷 28222-28233页

作者： Yao, Ze Sun, Dezhi Qin, Tong Li, Zhengzheng Cao, Hongbin Li, Yuping Duan, Feng Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry Chemical Engineering Data Center CAS Beijing 100190 China National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources Beijing 100190 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Baowu Carbon Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201999 China

Traditional carbon-based materials suffer from fragility, low mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity when they are used as a gas diffusion layer (GDL) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), resulting in low power density. In this study, a flexible carbon nanofiber membrane (CFM) was studied for use as a GDL, prepared by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospinning with the incorporation of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyethylenimine (PEI) impregnation, glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking, and thermal treatment. The concentrations of MWCNTs in the electrospinning solution and PEI in the impregnation solution were investigated. Interestingly, the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of CFM showed a triangle trend with the MWCNTs or PEI concentration. The optimal sample (CNT1.5/PEI7/GA-CFM) demonstrated good flexibility, with an in-plane resistivity of 18.60 mΩ cm, a tensile strength of 7.94 MPa, and a bending strength of 20.65 MPa. The peak power density and maximum current density were respectively 1169 mW cm-2 and 2720 mA cm-2, exceeding those of commercial Toray and Cetech GDLs under identical testing conditions. These results illustrate the potential of high-performance electrospun CFMs for GDL applications. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： carbon fiber membrane cross-linking electrospinning gas diffusion layer proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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A novel augmented reality-based simulator for enhancing orthopedic surgical training

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109536-109536页

作者： Wu, Luohong Seibold, Matthias Cavalcanti, Nicola A. Hein, Jonas Gerth, Tatiana Lekar, Roni Hoch, Armando Vlachopoulos, Lazaros Grabner, Helmut Zingg, Patrick Farshad, Mazda Fürnstahl, Philipp Research in Orthopedic Computer Science Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich8008 Switzerland Department of Orthopaedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Forchstrasse 340 Zurich8008 Switzerland Computer Vision and Geometry Group ETH Zurich Ramistrasse 101 Zurich8092 Switzerland Institute of Computer Science School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Obere Kirchgasse 2 Winterthur8401 Switzerland Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 81 Winterthur8400 Switzerland

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-established and common orthopedic surgery. Due to the complexity involved in THA, orthopedic surgeons require rigorous training. However, the current gold standard, the tutor-guided and -evaluated apprenticeship model is time-consuming, costly, and poses risks to patients. There is a pressing need for additional training resources to enhance the efficiency and safety of the training process. In this work, we present a novel Augmented Reality (AR)-based simulator designed for THA that helps enable a new self-paced training and learning paradigm without the need for instructors. Methods: The simulator reduces the need for instructors by integrating an AR guidance module and an automated performance evaluation module. Three types of AR guidance were developed: Overlay, Virtual Twin, and Sectional Views. A feasibility study was conducted with five resident surgeons and two senior surgeons to compare these guidance methods quantitatively and qualitatively. The automated performance evaluation module was assessed against manual performance evaluation using Bland-Altman analysis with limits of agreement (LoA) and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The quantitative feasibility results indicate the efficacy of the developed AR guidance, characterized by mean transitional and rotational deviation errors below 3 mm and 3 degrees. Based on the qualitative results, we provide recommendations for efficient AR guidance designs. The Bland-Altman analysis results (0.22±1.32mm with LoA −2.37 to 2.81 mm for distance deviation, 0.94±2.41 degrees with LoA −3.78 to 5.66 degrees for yaw deviation, −0.34±1.30 degrees with LoA −2.90 to 2.22 degrees for pitch deviation) and p-values of Mann–Whitney U tests (0.64 for distance deviation, 0.12 for yaw deviation, 0.11 for pitch deviation) indicate no statistically significant differences between the automated and manual performance evaluation at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: This work sh

关键词： Augmented reality

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How do we improve the reproducibility and accuracy of EIS and Tafel testing in corrosion science?

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Surface science and Technology 2025年第1期3卷 1-22页

作者： Shao, Zexi Ma, Mingyuan Liu, Xuhui Yuan, Sicheng Lin, Dan Bai, Ziheng Hu, Haodong Yu, Jingtai Du, Yafei Zhu, Yanji Wang, Huaiyuan School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin P.R. China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety and Equipment Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P.R. China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China School of Materials and New Energy Ningxia University Yinchuan P.R. China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology National Materials Corrosion and Protection Scientific Data Center University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

Electrochemical is crucial in corrosion, energy storage, and electrocatalysts and are essential for mitigating carbon emissions. However, deviations in electrochemical testing can result from experiment errors and electrode preparation differences. Therefore, electrochemical experiment results are required to assess the reproducibility. Herein we found that the surface resistance is a key factor of electrochemical testing, and the difference of surface resistance could inform future anode oxidation devices, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of electrochemical testing.

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Agile Working during COVID-19 Pandemic

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IEEE Engineering Management Review 2021年第2期49卷 18-32页

作者： Schmidtner, Markus Doering, Claudia Timinger, Holger Institute for Data and Process Science University of Applied Sciences Landshut LandshutD-84036 Germany

Values and principles of agile working emphasize the benefits of personal communication and open team spaces with members sitting in close proximity. This facilitates customer-oriented results and reduces the risk for failures based on misunderstandings. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, most companies reduced office times and encouraged their employees to work from home in order to protect people from infection. Direct face-to-face communication was replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats, and cloud-based collaboration. This significantly changed the way of working. While online-based tools for remote collaboration were familiar to many employees before, others were reluctant to use them in the past. The sudden need to utilize these tools in order to be able to participate in business at all opened such tools for people who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, the results of a recent study are presented, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world is derived. The study was conducted as an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic significantly changed the way of working. However, people value digital tools and were able to find methods of effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments. © 1973-2011 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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