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Overview of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment

Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2004年第3期21卷 343-360页

作者：丁一汇李崇银柳艳菊 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid DynamicsInstitute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029he present paper gives an overview of the key project " South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)" operated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the period of 1996-2001. The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic field experiment which aims to better understand the onset maintenance and variability of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS). It is a large-scale international effort with many participating countries and regions cooperatively involved in this experiment. With the field observation in May-August 1998 a large amount of meteorological and oceanic data was acquired which provides excellent datasets for the study of the SCS monsoon and the East Asian monsoon and their interaction with the ocean. The preliminary research achievements are as follows. (1) The earliest onset of the Asian monsoon over the SCS and Indo-China Peninsula has been well documented. Prom the viewpoint of the synoptic process its onset is closely related to the early rapid development of a twin cyclone to the east of Sri Lanka. The conceptual modei of the SCS monsoon onset in 1998 was put forward. The 50-year time series of the SCS monsoon onset date was also made. (2) Two major modes namely the 30-60-day and 10-20-day oscillations were ascertained. The influences of the abnormal SCS monsoon on the precipitation over eastern China and its modes were identifled. A strong (weak) monsoon over the SCS usually leads to less (more) precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The present paper gives an overview of the key project ' South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)' operated by the Ministry of science and Technology of China during the period of 1996-2001. The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic field experiment which aims to better understand the onset, maintenance, and variability of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS). It is a large-scale international effort with many participating countries and regions cooperatively involved in this experiment. With the field observation in May-August 1998, a large amount of meteorological and oceanic data was acquired, which provides excellent datasets for the study of the SCS monsoon and the East Asian monsoon and their interaction with the ocean. The preliminary research achievements are as follows. (1) The earliest onset of the Asian monsoon over the SCS and Indo-China Peninsula has been well documented. Prom the viewpoint of the synoptic process, its onset is closely related to the early rapid development of a twin cyclone to the east of Sri Lanka. The conceptual modei of the SCS monsoon onset in 1998 was put forward. The 50-year time series of the SCS monsoon onset date was also made. (2) Two major modes, namely the 30-60-day and 10-20-day oscillations were ascertained. The influences of the abnormal SCS monsoon on the precipitation over eastern China and its modes were identifled. A strong (weak) monsoon over the SCS usually leads to less (more) precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, and more (less) precipitation in North China. (3) During the monsoon onset over the SCS, a wide variety of organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were observed by a Doppler radar array deployed over the northern SCS. The relationship between large-scale circulations and MCSs during the monsoon onset process in 1998 was clearly revealed. It was suggested that there is a kind of positive feedback mechanism between large-scale circulations and

关键词： field experiment South China Sea monsoon low frequency oscillation (LFO) meso scale convective systems (MSCs) air-sea interaction numerical simulation

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Exploring outliers in crowdsourced ranking for QoE

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Xu, Qianqian Yan, Ming Huang, Chendi Xiong, Jiechao Huang, Qingming Yao, Yuan Institute of Information Engineering Cas Beijing100093 Department of Computational Mathematics Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States BICMR-LMAM-LMEQF-LMP School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 Tencent Ai Lab Shenzhen518057 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Key Lab of Intell. Info. Process. Inst. of Comput. Tech. Cas Beijing100190 Key Lab of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management Cas Beijing100190 Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 100871 Hong Kong

Outlier detection is a crucial part of robust evaluation for crowd-sourceable assessment of Quality of Experience (QoE) and has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose some simple and fast algorithms for outlier detection and robust QoE evaluation based on the nonconvex optimization principle. Several iterative procedures are designed with or without knowing the number of outliers in samples. Theoretical analysis is given to show that such procedures can reach statistically good estimates under mild conditions. Finally, experimental results with simulated and real-world crowdsourcing datasets show that the proposed algorithms could produce similar performance to Huber-LASSO approach in robust ranking, yet with nearly 8 or 90 times speed-up, without or with a prior knowledge on the sparsity size of outliers, respectively. Therefore the proposed methodology provides us a set of helpful tools for robust QoE evaluation with crowdsourcing data. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Exploiting dynamic nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Chaohao Ding, Lei Liu, Baolei Du, Ziqin Liu, Yongtao Di, Xiangjun Shan, Xuchen Lin, Chenxiao Zhang, Min Xu, Xiaoxue Zhong, Xiaolan Wang, Jianfeng Chang, Lingqian Halkon, Ben J. Chen, Xin Cheng, Faliang Wang, Fan Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan523808 China Department of Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia School of Physics Beihang University Beijing100191 China Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Province Nanjing210094 China Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz Berlin14109 Germany School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Centre for Audio Acoustics & Vibration Faculty of Engineering & IT University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia School of Electrical and Data Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia

Single-beam super-resolution microscopy, also known as superlinear microscopy, exploits the nonlinear response of fluorescent probes in confocal microscopy. The technique requires no complex purpose-built system, light field modulation, or beam shaping. Here, we present a strategy to enhance this technique's spatial resolution by modulating excitation intensity during image acquisition. This modulation induces dynamic optical nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in variations of higher spatial-frequency information in the obtained images. The high-order information can be extracted with a proposed weighted finite difference imaging algorithm from raw fluorescence images, to generate an image with a higher resolution than superlinear microscopy images. We apply this approach to resolve two adjacent nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited area, improving the resolution to 130 nm. This work suggests a new scope for developing dynamic nonlinear fluorescent probes in super-resolution nanoscopy. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Model bias in calculating factor importance of climate on vegetation growth

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Global and Planetary Change 2023年第1期228卷

作者： Liang, Boyi Liu, Hongyan Wang, Shaopeng Cressey, Elizabeth L. Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L. Xu, Chongyang Wang, Jia Wang, Zong Liu, Feng Feng, Siwen Shi, Liang Dai, Jingyu Cao, Jing Li, Fufu Quine, Timothy A. College of Forestry Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing100871 China Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter ExeterEX4 4RJ United Kingdom School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3QY United Kingdom Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot7610001 Israel Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China National Ecosystem Science Data Center Beijing100101 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing100012 China

Machine learning is increasingly used to study vegetation growth, however, more often than not, predicting and simulating functions are prioritized over quantitative estimates of the drivers of vegetation growth such as climate. In this paper, we, for the first time, systematically investigate the model bias in calculating factor importance of climate on vegetation growth, especially when various kinds of machine learning models are considered. We undertake two case studies to simulate research in remote sensing and ground-based scenarios from which the difference in quantitative relationships between climate and vegetation is evaluated across multiple models. We found that model complexity increased the determination coefficient (R2) but reduced the absolute importance of the preselected independent variables. As the fitting accuracy increases, the absolute factor importance of dominant factor and all the other influencing factors decreases simultaneously, and factor importance calculated by different models tended to be more normally distributed across the study region. The reduction in factor importance was accompanied by the increased effect of model selection;e.g. the model that was used to estimate vegetation growth played a larger role in producing the factor importance (shown by variance analysis, remote sensing scenario, F-statistic = 555.2;ground based scenario, F-statistic = 30.8) than the climate variables (variance analysis, remote sensing scenario, F = 460.8;ground based scenario, F = 28.8). Critically, for those machine learning models with highest fitting accuracy, the resultant factor importance of climate factors had smaller difference with that of random factor. In contrast, the relative factor influence among the selected climate factor is more robust and reliable (in variation analysis, model was detected no significant impact on the resultant factor importance). For 5 of 8 models, the dominant factor (temperature) has relative influence over 0.

关键词： Machine learning

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Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Anchored on Graphene for Enhanced Organic Pollutant Removal

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第35期134卷

作者： Dr. Changxia Li Patrick Guggenberger Dr. Seung Won Han Dr. Wei-Lu Ding Prof. Dr. Freddy Kleitz Department of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional Materials Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 South Korea Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Resources (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Resources (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Formal analysis (supporting) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (supporting) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of great potential as adsorbents owing to their tailorable functionalities, low density and high porosity. However, their intrinsically stacked two-dimensional (2D) structure limits the full use of their complete surface for sorption, especially the internal pores. The construction of ultrathin COFs could increase the exposure of active sites to the targeted molecules in a pollutant environment. Herein, an ultrathin COF with a uniform thickness of ca. 2 nm is prepared employing graphene as the surface template. The resulting hybrid aerogel with an ultralow density (7.1 mg cm −3 ) exhibits the ability to remove organic dye molecules of different sizes with high efficiency. The three-dimensional (3D) macroporous structure and well-exposed adsorption sites permit rapid diffusion of solution and efficient adsorption of organic pollutants, thereby, greatly contributing to its enhanced uptake capacity. This work highlights the effect of COF layer thickness on adsorption performance.

关键词： Aerogel Covalent Organic Frameworks Graphene Organic Pollutants Ultrathin Materials

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Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week science Run of KATRIN

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第9期126卷 091803-091803页

作者： M. Aker K. Altenmüller A. Beglarian J. Behrens A. Berlev U. Besserer B. Bieringer K. Blaum F. Block B. Bornschein L. Bornschein M. Böttcher T. Brunst T. S. Caldwell L. La Cascio S. Chilingaryan W. Choi D. Díaz Barrero K. Debowski M. Deffert M. Descher P. J. Doe O. Dragoun G. Drexlin S. Dyba F. Edzards K. Eitel E. Ellinger R. Engel S. Enomoto M. Fedkevych A. Felden J. A. Formaggio F. M. Fränkle G. B. Franklin F. Friedel A. Fulst K. Gauda W. Gil F. Glück R. Grössle R. Gumbsheimer T. Höhn V. Hannen N. Haußmann K. Helbing S. Hickford R. Hiller D. Hillesheimer D. Hinz T. Houdy A. Huber A. Jansen L. Köllenberger C. Karl J. Kellerer L. Kippenbrock M. Klein A. Kopmann M. Korzeczek A. Kovalík B. Krasch H. Krause T. Lasserre T. L. Le O. Lebeda N. Le Guennic B. Lehnert A. Lokhov J. M. Lopez Poyato K. Müller M. Machatschek E. Malcherek M. Mark A. Marsteller E. L. Martin C. Melzer S. Mertens S. Niemes P. Oelpmann A. Osipowicz D. S. Parno A. W. P. Poon F. Priester M. Röllig C. Röttele O. Rest R. G. H. Robertson C. Rodenbeck M. Ryšavý R. Sack A. Saenz A. Schaller P. Schäfer L. Schimpf M. Schlösser K. Schlösser L. Schlüter M. Schrank B. Schulz M. Šefčík H. Seitz-Moskaliuk V. Sibille D. Siegmann M. Slezák F. Spanier M. Steidl M. Sturm M. Sun H. H. Telle T. Thümmler L. A. Thorne N. Titov I. Tkachev N. Trost D. Vénos K. Valerius A. P. Vizcaya Hernández S. Wüstling M. Weber C. Weinheimer C. Weiss S. Welte J. Wendel J. F. Wilkerson J. Wolf W. Xu Y.-R. Yen S. Zadoroghny G. Zeller Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Technische Universität München James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany IRFU (DPhP and APC) CEA Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a 117312 Moscow Russia Institut für Kernphysik Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9 48149 Münster Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 80805 München Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Departamento de Química Física Aplicada Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Deptartment of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS v. v. i. CZ-250 68 Řež Czech Republic Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Institute for Nuclea

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino. The analysis is sensitive to the mass, m4, of the fourth mass state for m42≲1000 eV2 and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to |Ue4|2≳2×10−2. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results for m42≲1000 eV2 and improve the Troitsk bound for m42<30 eV2. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for 100<Δm412<1000 eV2.

关键词： Sterile neutrinos

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Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第22期123卷 221802-221802页

作者： M. Aker K. Altenmüller M. Arenz M. Babutzka J. Barrett S. Bauer M. Beck A. Beglarian J. Behrens T. Bergmann U. Besserer K. Blaum F. Block S. Bobien K. Bokeloh J. Bonn B. Bornschein L. Bornschein H. Bouquet T. Brunst T. S. Caldwell L. La Cascio S. Chilingaryan W. Choi T. J. Corona K. Debowski M. Deffert M. Descher P. J. Doe O. Dragoun G. Drexlin J. A. Dunmore S. Dyba F. Edzards L. Eisenblätter K. Eitel E. Ellinger R. Engel S. Enomoto M. Erhard D. Eversheim M. Fedkevych A. Felden S. Fischer B. Flatt J. A. Formaggio F. M. Fränkle G. B. Franklin H. Frankrone F. Friedel D. Fuchs A. Fulst D. Furse K. Gauda H. Gemmeke W. Gil F. Glück S. Görhardt S. Groh S. Grohmann R. Grössle R. Gumbsheimer M. Ha Minh M. Hackenjos V. Hannen F. Harms J. Hartmann N. Haußmann F. Heizmann K. Helbing S. Hickford D. Hilk B. Hillen D. Hillesheimer D. Hinz T. Höhn B. Holzapfel S. Holzmann T. Houdy M. A. Howe A. Huber T. M. James A. Jansen A. Kaboth C. Karl O. Kazachenko J. Kellerer N. Kernert L. Kippenbrock M. Kleesiek M. Klein C. Köhler L. Köllenberger A. Kopmann M. Korzeczek A. Kosmider A. Kovalík B. Krasch M. Kraus H. Krause L. Kuckert B. Kuffner N. Kunka T. Lasserre T. L. Le O. Lebeda M. Leber B. Lehnert J. Letnev F. Leven S. Lichter V. M. Lobashev A. Lokhov M. Machatschek E. Malcherek K. Müller M. Mark A. Marsteller E. L. Martin C. Melzer A. Menshikov S. Mertens L. I. Minter S. Mirz B. Monreal P. I. Morales Guzmán U. Naumann W. Ndeke H. Neumann S. Niemes M. Noe N. S. Oblath H.-W. Ortjohann A. Osipowicz B. Ostrick E. Otten D. S. Parno D. G. Phillips, II P. Plischke A. Pollithy A. W. P. Poon J. Pouryamout M. Prall F. Priester M. Röllig C. Röttele P. C.-O. Ranitzsch O. Rest R. Rinderspacher R. G. H. Robertson C. Rodenbeck P. Rohr Ch. Roll S. Rupp M. Ryšavý R. Sack A. Saenz P. Schäfer L. Schimpf K. Schlösser M. Schlösser L. Schlüter H. Schön K. Schönung M. Schrank B. Schulz J. Schwarz H. Seitz-Moskaliuk W. Seller V. Sibille D. Siegmann A. Skasyrskaya M. Slezák A. Špalek F. Spanier M. Steidl N. Steinbrink M. Sturm M. Suesser M. Sun D. Tcherniak Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute for Technical Physics (ITEP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 80805 München Germany Technische Universität München James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany IRFU (DPhP & APC) CEA Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Nussallee 14-16 53115 Bonn Germany Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Institut für Kernphysik Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9 48149 Münster Germany Institut für Physik Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55099 Mainz Germany Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Wuppertal Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS v. v. i. CZ-250 68 Řež Czech Republic Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Acade

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of (−1.0−1.1+0.9) eV2. From this, we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90% confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of 2 and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.

关键词： Neutrinos

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Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

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Physical Review D 2021年第1期104卷 012005-012005页

作者： M. Aker K. Altenmüller A. Beglarian J. Behrens A. Berlev U. Besserer B. Bieringer K. Blaum F. Block B. Bornschein L. Bornschein M. Böttcher T. Brunst T. S. Caldwell L. La Cascio S. Chilingaryan W. Choi D. Díaz Barrero K. Debowski M. Deffert M. Descher P. J. Doe O. Dragoun G. Drexlin S. Dyba F. Edzards K. Eitel E. Ellinger R. Engel S. Enomoto M. Fedkevych A. Felden J. A. Formaggio F. M. Fränkle G. B. Franklin F. Friedel A. Fulst K. Gauda W. Gil F. Glück R. Grössle R. Gumbsheimer T. Höhn V. Hannen N. Haußmann K. Helbing S. Hickford R. Hiller D. Hillesheimer D. Hinz T. Houdy A. Huber A. Jansen L. Köllenberger C. Karl J. Kellerer L. Kippenbrock M. Klein A. Kopmann M. Korzeczek A. Kovalík B. Krasch H. Krause T. Lasserre T. L. Le O. Lebeda B. Lehnert A. Lokhov J. M. Lopez Poyato K. Müller M. Machatschek E. Malcherek M. Mark A. Marsteller E. L. Martin C. Melzer S. Mertens S. Niemes P. Oelpmann A. Osipowicz D. S. Parno A. W. P. Poon F. Priester M. Röllig C. Röttele O. Rest R. G. H. Robertson C. Rodenbeck M. Ryšavý R. Sack A. Saenz A. Schaller (née Pollithy) P. Schäfer L. Schimpf K. Schlösser M. Schlösser L. Schlüter M. Schrank B. Schulz M. Šefčík H. Seitz-Moskaliuk V. Sibille D. Siegmann M. Slezák F. Spanier M. Steidl M. Sturm M. Sun H. H. Telle T. Thümmler L. A. Thorne N. Titov I. Tkachev N. Trost D. Vénos K. Valerius A. P. Vizcaya Hernández S. Wüstling M. Weber C. Weinheimer C. Weiss S. Welte J. Wendel J. F. Wilkerson J. Wolf W. Xu Y.-R. Yen S. Zadoroghny G. Zeller Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany IRFU (DPhP & APC) CEA Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a 117312 Moscow Russia Institut für Kernphysik Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9 48149 Münster Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 80805 München Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 USA Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Departamento de Química Física Aplicada Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS v. v. i. CZ-250 68 Řež Czech Republic Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Institute for Nuclear and Parti

We report on the dataset, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the β-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T2 gas. The β electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts β electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology.

关键词： Neutrinos

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Bi-affinity Electrolyte Optimizing High-Voltage Lithium-Rich Manganese Oxide Battery via Interface Modulation Strategy

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第30期135卷

作者： Xuedi Yuan Dr. Tao Dong Jiaxin Liu Dr. Yingyue Cui Haotian Dong Dr. Du Yuan Prof. Haitao Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China School of Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) Supervision (lead) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) College of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology 960 2nd Section Changsha Hunan 410004 P. R. China Henan Key Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Processes Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology Zhengzhou 450003 P. R. China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Funding acquisition (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

The practical implementation of high-voltage lithium-rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathode is limited by the unanticipated electrolyte decomposition and dissolution of transition metal ions. The present study proposes a bi-affinity electrolyte formulation, wherein the sulfonyl group of ethyl vinyl sulfone (EVS) imparts a highly adsorptive nature to LRMO, while fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) exhibits a reductive nature towards Li metal. This interface modulation strategy involves the synergistic use of EVS and FEC as additives to form robust interphase layers on the electrode. As-formed S-endorsed but LiF-assisted configuration cathode electrolyte interphase with a more dominant −SO 2 − component may promote the interface transport kinetics and prevent the dissolution of transition metal ions. Furthermore, the incorporation of S component into the solid electrolyte interphase and the reduction of its poorly conducting component can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Therefore, a 4.8 V LRMO/Li cell with optimized electrolyte may demonstrate a remarkable retention capacity of 97 % even after undergoing 300 cycles at 1 C.

关键词： Bi-Affinity Electrolyte Ethyl Vinyl Sulfone Fluoroethylene Carbonate Interphase Modulation Strategy Lithium Rich Manganese Oxide Cathode

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Crafting the future: Enhancing gas separation with nanoarchitectonics of bimetallic Ni–Co-ZIF-67 in polysulfone-based mixed matrix membranes

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Sulistiono, Dety Oktavia Ali, Badrut Tamam Ibnu Widyanto, Alvin Rahmad Ediati, Ratna Widiastuti, Nurul Lestari, Witri Wahyu Akhlus, Syafsir Iqbal, Rendy Muhamad Senda, Semuel Pati Fansuri, Hamzah Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Data Analytics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Sukolilo Surabaya 60111 Indonesia Automotive Engineering Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Jember Jember 68101 Indonesia Center for Process and Manufacturing Industry Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Technology Energy Cluster PUSPIPTEK 625 Building South Tangerang Indonesia Department of Applied Chemistry Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Palangka Raya Kampus UPR Tunjung Nyaho Palangkaraya 73111 Indonesia Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC) Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Skudai 81310 Malaysia

In response to global clean energy demands, this study develops mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation in renewable energy applications. MMMs are produced through phase inversion by employing polysulfone and bimetallic-ZIF (Ni–Co-ZIF-67). Bimetallic-ZIF, formed in-situ by Co and Ni metals in water solvent with triethylamine, enhances gas selectivity. MMMs with 4 wt% bimetallic-ZIF, Co: Ni ratio of 9:1 (4Ni10Z67), exhibit remarkable selectivity: CO₂/CH₄ (21.19), H₂/N₂ (1.47), H₂/CH₄ (44.82), and N₂/CH₄ (30.40). Strong interactions between bimetallic-ZIF and CO₂, facilitated by molecular sieving and Ni–Co sites, contribute to these results. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Bimetallic-ZIF CO2 capture Gas emissions Metal substitution Renewable energy

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