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2022 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications, SIBCON 2022

作者： Djigan, Victor Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665476287

Arithmetic complexity of the Adaptive Antenna Array (AAA) consists of two parts: the complexity of the beamforming (the AAA input signal weighting and combination) and the AAA weights computation (the adaptive algorithm). The beamforming complexity cannot be reduced because it depends on the number of the antennas/channels which are selected to ensure the required properties of the array. At the same time, if the number of the adaptively controlled weights is less than the total number of the array weights, the arithmetic complexity of the adaptive algorithm can be reduced. Such an AAA is called a partially adaptive one. In the case of the rectangular AAA the partial adaptation can be achieved by the combination of the signals received by the antennas of the rows and the columns of the array prior to the adaptive weighting. This reduces the adaptive algorithm complexity because the reduced number of the adaptively computed/controlled weights is required in this case. However if the receiving signals number (the informational one and the interfering ones) is less than the array rows and columns number the partially adaptive array provides the steady-state performance which is almost the same as that of the array with all adaptively controlled weights. If the AAA is a symmetrical one (the pairs of its weights, which correspond the antennas placed in the locations symmetrical relatively the array phase center, are complex conjugated to each other) then a further reduction of the arithmetic complexity might be achieved by means of the usage of the real-valued computations. The main steps of the development of the real-valued partially adaptive antenna array with the combination of the row and column signals are considered in this paper. The AAA architecture, its computational procedure and the results of the AAA simulation are also considered. This simulation demonstrates about 3 dB better cancellation of the interferences and about two times shorter transient response

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Decision Directed Adaptive Antenna Array for Operation in Low SNR Conditions

Decision Directed Adaptive Antenna Array for Operation in Lo...

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Systems of Signal Synchronization, Generating and Processing in Telecommunications (SYNCHROINFO)

作者： V. I. Djigan Department of Integrated Circuits Design Methodology Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9798350373448

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373455

This paper presents an Adaptive Antenna Array (AAA) which is able to suppress the signals of the interferences at its output, to receive the informational signal under the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions and to steer its beam (the radiation pattern main lobe) towards the source of the informational signal even if the angular location of the source is initially unknown. It is presented the AAA architecture. The architecture is compared with other architectures of the AAA that are able or not able to operate under the same conditions. The ability to operate in low SNR condition is ensured because of the preprocessing of the AAA channel signals by the correlators or by the matched filters. Such preprocessing is possible if the received informational signal is a Pseudo Random Sequence (PRS). Using the signal as a desired one also allows to use the least squares criterion adaptive algorithms for the AAA weights calculation. This ensures the interferences suppression and the AAA beam steering simultaneously. The considered AAA is able to process the modulated PRS. This ability is provided by the usage of a slicer (like in a decision directed equalizer) which produces the desired signal from the AAA output signal during the steady-state operation. Two versions of the algorithms for the AAA weights calculations are presented. They are the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) adaptive filtering algorithms based on the inverse QR decomposition. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and the efficiency of the considered AAA.

关键词： Training Transient response Three-dimensional displays Adaptive arrays Receiving antennas Steady-state Telecommunications

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Pathfinder Algorithm Modification for FPGA Routing Stage

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Russian microelectronics 2022年第7期51卷 573-578页

作者： Zapletina, M.A. Gavrilov, S.V. Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia National Research University of Electronic Technology Moscow Russia

Abstract: One of the main advantages of FPGA design flow is the high development speed;therefore, the importance of effective computer-aided design tools for modern microcircuits of these classes cannot be overestimated. Placement and routing are the most time-consuming stages of FPGA design flow. The quality of results of these stages is crucial to the final performance of custom digital circuits implemented on FPGA. The paper discusses an approach to accelerating the routing stage within the layout synthesis flow for FPGA by introducing a few algorithmic improvements to a routing procedure. The basic routing algorithm under study is a modified Pathfinder for a mixed routing resources graph. Pathfinder is a well-known negotiation-based routing algorithm that works on the principle of iteratively eliminating congestions of chip routing resources. The sets of test digital circuits ISCAS’85, ISCAS’89, LGSynth’89 and several custom industrial projects were used for computational experiments. The impact of the proposed algorithmic improvements was analyzed using four FPGA architectures. It has been established that due to the improvements of the algorithm proposed in the paper, the average reduction in routing time was from 1.3 to 2.6 times, depending on the FPGA architecture, with no significant negative effect on the timing characteristics of the designed circuits. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Espresso-like Iterative Algorithm for Three-Level Logic Minimization

Espresso-like Iterative Algorithm for Three-Level Logic Mini...

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Networks, Circuits and Systems (NCS), Seminar on

作者： Alexander L. Stempkovsky Dmitry V. Telpukhov Vladislav V. Nadolenko Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Russia

Minimization is an important part of any logic synthesis algorithm. Espresso algorithm can be used as a first step for global two-level minimization. Then factorization is performed to obtain multi-level structure and various local optimization algorithms are applied. This paper presents a new algorithm called Xpresso to replace Espresso in described synthesis flow. It works with three-level logic circuit structure in a form of DNF with an extra layer of XORs. Such structure allows more compact representation than pure DNF while keeping global minimization feasible. Proposed minimization algorithm consists of three iterative Espresso-like steps: expand, irredundant and reduce, tweaked to work with three-level structure. Computational complexity stays mostly at original Espresso's level with most expensive part of expand being transferred to GPU. Experimental results are provided for combinational logic circuits from LGSynth'91 benchmark. Xpresso's outputs are compared to those of Espresso by operation count and a few other metrics.

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Signal Source Angular Location Tracking Algorithm

Signal Source Angular Location Tracking Algorithm

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Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA), International Conference on

作者： Victor I. Djigan Department of Integrated Circuits Design Methodology Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Russia

This paper presents an algorithm of the signal source angular location tracking. The tracking is carried out by means of an antenna array. Traditional angular tracking is based on the usage of a monopulse (sum and difference) architecture which combines the output signals of the directional antennas (with mechanical or electronic steering). This requires the usage of a few antennas and a combiner of the antenna output signals. The algorithm, presented in this paper, allows to find the signal source angular location using only one directional antenna that is the antenna array. It is assumed the usage of the antenna array with the digital beamforming. However, the analog phased array can be used as well. This is because the algorithm is based on the processing of the antenna array output signal estimates after the changing (perturbations) only the phases of the array channel signals. This changing can be done by means of the phased shifters in a phased array or by means of the complex-valued weights with the unity absolute values in an antenna array with the digital beamforming. The paper considers the usage of the algorithm in a linear antenna array. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the array output samples are processed by a correlator or a matched filter. For this reason, the measured signal must be a pseudo noise sequence. The paper describes the proposed algorithm and the simulation results that confirm the algorithm's operation and demonstrate its efficiency.

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Measuring Far-Field Radiation Patterns of Digital Beamforming Antenna Arrays

Measuring Far-Field Radiation Patterns of Digital Beamformin...

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Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications

作者： V. I. Djigan Department of Integrated Circuits Design Methodology Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Russia

A method of the antenna array far-field Radiation Pattern (RP) measurement is considered. This method is designed for the usage with the receiving Digital Beamforming Antenna Arrays (DBAA). Such type of antenna arrays typically does not have a radiofrequency output. Hence, the standard methods of the RP measurement, based on the radiation and the reception of the monochromatic probing signal, cannot be used for the DBAA RP measurement. The proposed method assumes the radiation of a probing signal modulated by a pseudo-noise sequence and the base-band processing of the DBAA output signal by means of a matched filter or a correlator. The paper presents the description of the measurement setup and the mathematical explanation of the measuring procedure. It has been shown that the accuracy of the RP measurement depends on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the outputs of the DBAA channel receivers, the number of the array channels and the number of the pseudo-noise sequence symbols. The accuracy increases on 3 dB each time as the number of the array antennas or the pseudo-noise sequence symbols is doubled. This result is confirmed by the simulation of the RP measurement of the eight and the sixteen channel linear antenna arrays with the usage of the maximum length pseudo-noise sequence of 1023 and 2047 symbols.

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Adaptive Processing of Matched Filter Output Signals in Antenna Array

Adaptive Processing of Matched Filter Output Signals in Ante...

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Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA), International Conference on

作者： Victor I. Djigan Department of Integrated Circuits Design Methodology Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Russia

An Adaptive Antenna Array (AAA) is presented in this paper. The least squares criterion adaptive algorithms are used for the array weights calculation. The informational signal of the AAA is a periodic pseudo random sequence, which is hidden by the noise of the array channels. Such sequences are often used in modern radar, navigation and communication systems. The Matched Filters (MF) or the correlators are used for the processing of the AAA channel signals and this enables the usage of the adaptive algorithms based on the least squares criterion. The output signals of the MF are the cross-correlation functions of the AAA channel signals and the pseudo random sequence. The AAA weights calculation algorithm processes the periodic samples of the maximal values of the MF output signals and processes the error signal between the output and desired signals of the array. The desired signal is also composed using the samples of the maximal values of the auto-correlation function of the pseudo random sequence. The calculation of the AAA weights is provided by the Matrix Inversion Lemma Recursive Least Squares algorithm and its two computationally efficient modifications. The simulation demonstrates that the AAA can suppress the interfering signals and can track the informational signal source angular location simultaneously even if the location is initially unknown. This allows to use the AAA for the signal receiving from a moving source in the presence of the interfering signals.

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Algorithm of Signal Source Angular Location Searching and Tracking by Two-Dimensional Rectangular Array

Algorithm of Signal Source Angular Location Searching and Tr...

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Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF)

作者： V. I. Djigan Department of Integrated Circuits Design Methodology Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS Moscow Russia

ISBN: (数字)9798350364989

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364996

An algorithm of searching and tracking the angular location of a signal source is presented. It is designed for the usage in a two-dimensional equidistant rectangular receiving antenna array. This algorithm uses symmetric perturbations of the array phase distribution on a fixed phase value and uses estimations of the signal values at the array output after these perturbations. It is required to make four such the perturbations in a two-dimensional array or to make two such the perturbations in a one-dimensional linear array. The array has to be a symmetric one for the algorithm usage. This means, that the phase distribution over the array aperture has to be an odd symmetric relatively the array phase center. Because of the phase perturbation, the algorithm can be used in the analog arrays with the phase only control or in the digital beamforming arrays with the complex-valued weights control. To improve the algorithm accuracy, it is suggested to use a correlator or a matched filter to estimate the array output signals. The estimation can be used if the array receives a pseudo random signal. Such the signals are widely used as the informational ones in a number of modern radio systems. Mathematical details of the proposed algorithm are presented. Simulation demonstrates the performance and the efficiency of this algorithm.

关键词： Phased arrays Matched filters Weight control Perturbation methods Estimation Receiving antennas Filtering algorithms

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TCAD Modeling of Nanoscale FinFET Structures on Bulk Silicon, Taking into Account the Effects of Radiation

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Russian microelectronics 2022年第7期51卷 545-551页

作者： Petrosyants, K.O. Silkin, D.S. Popov, D.A. Li, Bo Zhang, Xu National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Abstract: The transition from planar MOSFET structures to 3D FinFET structures provides resistance to various types of radiation. However, the characteristics of irradiated devices created at different manufacturers differ significantly, and it is rather difficult to explain the dependence of the radiation resistance of FinFE-T structures on variations in their physical and topological parameters and electrical modes. We develop a radiation version of the TCAD model of a FinFET MOSFET on bulk silicon. Additional semiempirical radiation dependences specific for FinFET structures for the effective mobility of charge carriers and the concentration of traps in the volumes of SiO2 and HfO2 oxides and at the oxide–silicon interfaces are introduced in the basic model of a nanometer MOSFET. The model is implemented in the Sentaurus Synopsys TCAD environment. The model is validated on a test set of FinFET structures with a channel length of 60 to 7 nm without irradiation and in the range of gamma irradiation doses up to 1 Mrad. A comparison of the static current-voltage characteristics obtained by simulation with the experimental results showed an error not exceeding 15%. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： Ionizing radiation

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Different Approaches to Digital System Debugging 3

Different Approaches to Digital System Debugging

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3rd moscow Workshop on Electronic and Networking Technologies, MWENT 2022

作者： Ivannikov, Alexander The Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496650

In digital system design, it is necessary to check the infallibility of the design and to eliminate errors, if any. This process is called design debugging. It requires a debugging object, debugging modes for digital system functioning, a set of tests representing all modes of digital system functioning, the opportunity to define the correctness of output and internal variables of the debugging object and possibilities to correct the design. design debugging can be done on a hardware prototype or computer model of a digital system. Intermediate approaches include prototyping only non-typical electronic blocks and connecting them with a typical hardware core or adding special hardware blocks to the computer model of a digital system. All abovementioned components of the debugging process are discussed for four cases of debug objects representing digital system. Fundamental possibility, convenience, cost and efficiency are considered. It is shown that the most universal and convenient approach is to use the computer model of a digital system design as a debug object. This approach could be used for any structure and architecture of a digital system. Nevertheless, other approaches are also used. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： design

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