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4th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications, ICMNWC 2024

作者： Mallikarjuna, Shruthi Bennur Raju, Channakrishna Sjce Jss Science and Technological University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Mysuru India Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Ssahe Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Tumakuru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352931

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are designed to monitor sensor nodes systems, with a focus on data processing, collection and transmission. Developments in wireless communication have extended the scope of WSNs to various domains such as underwater communication and Internet of Things (IoT). However, secure clustering and routing remain challenging due to increased vulnerability to attacks in IoT-WSN, which negatively impact communication and data integrity. This research proposes Similarity Preference Weight-Chimp Optimization Algorithm (SPW-ChOA) for secure clustering and routing in WSN-IoT. Trust, node degree, distance between Cluster Head (CH) and Base Station (BS), energy and distance are employed as fitness functions for Secure CH (SCH) selection. The factors considered for routing in SPW-ChOA include energy and distance. The performance of SPW-ChOA is evaluated in terms of residual energy, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput and energy consumption, with the number of nodes varied at 500,1000,1500 and 2000. The proposed SPW-ChOA consumes lesser energy at 0.28 which compared to the existing Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and Antlion Optimization Algorithm (AOA). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Hybrid speech enhancement in modulation domain

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-31页

作者： P S, Praveen Kumar H S, Jayanna Technical Lead-Machine Learning Merit Data and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Information Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology Karnataka Tumkur India

This paper presents a comprehensive study on speech enhancement (SE) techniques, particularly focusing on the utilization of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the modulation domain (MD) in combination with the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and Kalman filter (KF) algorithms. The research investigates the efficacy of these techniques in improving speech quality and intelligibility under various noisy conditions, such as babble, drilling, horn, train, and traffic noises, across different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Additionally, the study evaluates the performance of recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithms alongside traditional SE approaches. The study highlights the advantages of employing DCT in the modulation domain over the traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in SE applications. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in objective quality metrics, including Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), composite measures, and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI), when implementing SE algorithms using discrete cosine transform in modulation domain. The proposed hybrid speech enhancement techniques, leveraging minimum mean square error and Kalman filter in combination with discrete cosine transform in modulation domain, outperform individual speech enhancement algorithms, showcasing superior noise reduction capabilities. This paper contributes to the advancement of speech enhancement methodologies, particularly in real-world noisy environments, and underscores the effectiveness of discrete cosine transform-based approaches in enhancing speech quality and intelligibility. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Transfer learning Based Approach to Classify Lung and Colon Cancer

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SN computer science 2024年第6期5卷 783页

作者： Singh, Onkar Singh, Koushlendra Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Machine Vision and Intelligence Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur

Several genetic disorders and other metabolic abnormalities work together to generate the lethal disease known as cancer. Today’s most contributing factors to mortality and disability in patients are lung and colon cancer. A World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 report listed cancer as one of the leading causes of mortality globally. About 2.735 million of these fatalities were caused by lung and colon cancer combined. A critical component of the patient’s treatment is the diagnosis of lung cancer by histopathology. Therefore, one of the leading research priorities, mostly in the domain of biomedical health information systems, is the identification and categorization of lung and colon cancer. The present article encompasses the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and transfer learning-based approaches to classify lung as well as colon cancer. LBP has been used for extracting features, and transfer learning has been used for the classification of lung and colon cancer. Histopathological (LC25000) lung and colon datasets are used to validate the proposed methodology. The results of the proposed method have also been compared with different existing methods and reported in the article. Our proposed method has an average accuracy of 99.00% and a F1 score of 99.2%, whereas precision and recall have 99.4% for lung and colon cancer detection. The results of the investigation demonstrate that our suggested technique greatly outperforms current models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Histopathology images Local binary pattern (LBP) Lung cancer Transfer learning

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Image Super Resolution using U-Net architecture and SRGAN: Comparative Analysis 2

Image Super Resolution using U-Net architecture and SRGAN: C...

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2nd International Conference on computer, Communication and Control, IC4 2024

作者： Dandekar, Pranali Bhojwani, Bhavika Balpande, Aarya Zanwar, Sanskar Deb, Ankan Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Nagpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387933

Super-resolution is an important image processing task that improves the resolution of high-resolution images. Low resolution is used in many different fields, including medical imaging, satellite imagery, and computer vision. This paper presents a new approach to ultra-high resolution using the U-Net architecture, a deep learning framework known for its success in image segmentation and restoration *** this study, we propose an adaptive U-Net model specifically designed for ultra-high-resolution tasks. The architecture includes an encoder-decoder network with bypass connections, enabling multi-scale feature extraction and high-resolution detail reconstruction. Our model is trained on a diverse dataset of low- and high-resolution image pairs, allowing it to learn complex relationships and patterns in *** evaluate the performance of the U-Net based superresolution method using standard image quality metrics and qualitative visual evaluation. Test results show a significant improvement in image quality, with improved sharpness, texture, and detail recovery. Furthermore, our model outperforms state-of-the-art super-resolution methods in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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An Empirical Analysis on Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Large Multimodal Models

An Empirical Analysis on Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of L...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Shiri, Fatemeh Guo, Xiao-Yu Far, Mona Golestan Yu, Xin Haffari, Gholamreza Li, Yuan-Fang Department of Data Science & AI Monash University Australia Australian Institute for Machine Learning University of Adelaide Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Queensland Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM, to comprehensively study LMMs' spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities. Our analyses on object-relationship and multi-hop reasoning reveal several important findings. Firstly, bounding boxes and scene graphs, even synthetic ones, can significantly enhance LMMs' spatial reasoning. Secondly, LMMs struggle more with questions posed from the human perspective than the camera perspective about the image. Thirdly, chain of thought (CoT) prompting does not improve model performance on complex multi-hop questions involving spatial relations. Lastly, our perturbation analysis on GQA-spatial reveals that LMMs are much stronger at basic object detection than complex spatial reasoning. We believe our new benchmark dataset and in-depth analyses can spark further research on LMMs spatial reasoning. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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LSTM based Soft-Sensor for Estimating Nitrate Concentration in Aquaponics pond 3

LSTM based Soft-Sensor for Estimating Nitrate Concentration ...

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3rd International Conference for Innovation in Technology, INOCON 2024

作者： Dharshan, A. Kumar, Purushottam Ravimaran, S. Srinivasulu Reddy, U. Saranathan College of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Trichy India National Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning & Data Analytics Lab Trichy India National Institute of Technology Department of Computer Applications Machine Learning & Data Analytics Lab Trichy India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381931

In the field of aquaponics, where fish and plants coexist in a symbiotic environment, closely monitoring nitrate levels in the water is crucial due to their profound impact on aquatic and plant well-being. Traditional nitrate measurement methods are often time-consuming and costly. Various approaches, including first principles, IoT-based sensors, and machine learning-based soft sensors, have been attempted to address this challenge. However, these efforts face challenges such as expensive sensors, infrequent data collection, multistage data processing using limited sensor types, and the need for regular maintenance like cleaning and calibration. Additionally, varied environmental conditions affect sensor suitability for different water environments, and even some machine learning-based soft sensors have proven inaccurate. In response, soft sensors, especially deep learning-based ones, have gained prominence in industrial applications for their adaptability and accuracy. These sensors provide real-time insights into complex processes without requiring expensive hardware. In this study, an innovative solution was introduced using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technology, a neural network architecture in deep learning known for capturing complex temporal patterns. LSTM is well-suited for modeling and predicting nitrate concentration changes in aquaponics, trained with extensive data collected from various aquaponic ponds. Through rigorous evaluation, a remarkable MSE value of 0.00074 and an impressive R-squared score of 0.98 were achieved, holding potential for scaling up to commercial applications, benefiting aquaponics operations, supporting researchers, and enhancing sustainability and productivity in aquaponic systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Nitrates

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Typos Correction Training Against Misspellings from Text-to-Text Transformers 30

Typos Correction Training Against Misspellings from Text-to-...

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Joint 30th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 14th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024

作者： Xie, Guicai Zhang, Ke Duan, Lei Zhang, Wei Huang, Zeqian Machine Learning Platform Department Tencent Inc. China School of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9782493814104

Dense retrieval (DR) has become a mainstream approach to information seeking, where a system is required to return relevant information to a user query. In real-life applications, typoed queries resulting from the users' mistyping words or phonetic typing errors exist widely in search behaviors. Current dense retrievers experience a significant drop in retrieval effectiveness when they encounter typoed queries. Therefore, the search system requires the extra introduction of spell-checkers to deal with typos and then applies the DR model to perform robust matching. Herein, we argue that directly conducting the typos correction training would be beneficial to make an end-to-end retriever against misspellings. To this end, we propose a novel approach that can facilitate the incorporation of the spelling correction objective into the DR model using the encoder-decoder architecture. During typos correction training, we also develop a prompt-based augmentation technique to enhance the DR space alignment of the typoed query and its original query. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the effectiveness of our proposed end-to-end retriever significantly outperforms existing typos-aware training approaches and sophisticated training advanced retrievers. Our code is available at https://***/striver314/ToCoTR. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0.

关键词： Search engines

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Low-Rank Optimal Transport through Factor Relaxation with Latent Coupling 38

Low-Rank Optimal Transport through Factor Relaxation with La...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Halmos, Peter Liu, Xinhao Gold, Julian Raphael, Benjamin J. Department of Computer Science Princeton University United States Center for Statistics and Machine Learning Princeton University United States

Optimal transport (OT) is a general framework for finding a minimum-cost transport plan, or coupling, between probability distributions, and has many applications in machine learning. A key challenge in applying OT to massive datasets is the quadratic scaling of the coupling matrix with the size of the dataset. Forrow et al. (2019) introduced a factored coupling for the k-Wasserstein barycenter problem, which Scetbon et al. (2021) adapted to solve the primal low-rank OT problem. We derive an alternative parameterization of the low-rank problem based on the latent coupling (LC) factorization previously introduced by Lin et al. (2021) generalizing Forrow et al. (2019). The LC factorization has multiple advantages for low-rank OT including decoupling the problem into three OT problems and greater flexibility and interpretability. We leverage these advantages to derive a new algorithm Factor Relaxation with Latent Coupling (FRLC), which uses coordinate mirror descent to compute the LC factorization. FRLC handles multiple OT objectives (Wasserstein, Gromov-Wasserstein, Fused Gromov-Wasserstein), and marginal constraints (balanced, unbalanced, and semi-relaxed) with linear space complexity. We provide theoretical results on FRLC, and demonstrate superior performance on diverse applications - including graph clustering and spatial transcriptomics - while demonstrating its interpretability. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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GENOCARE PROGNOSTICATOR MODEL: HOST GENETICS PREDICT SEVERITY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 924-939页

作者： DUBEY, SHIVENDRA SINGH, SHWETA VERMA, DINESH KUMAR LODHI, SUDHEER KUMAR DUBEY, SAKSHI Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Manipal University Rajasthan Jaipur303007 India School of Engineering and Technology Jagran Lakecity University Madhya Pradesh Bhopal462042 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology Madhya Pradesh Guna473226 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Gujarat Vadodara391760 India

Scientific community understanding of the variance in severity of infectious disease like COVID-19 across patients is an important area of focus. The article presents an innovative voting ensemble GenoCare Prognosticator (GCP) model that incorporates XGBoost and Random Forest classifiers, two cutting-edge machine learning approaches. A large dataset that incorporates medical covariates like gender and age along with biological WES (Whole Exome Sequencing) data was used to train these models. Five-fold stratified cross-validation was used to process the dataset in order to improve model stability and avoid overfitting. Two medical covariates and sixteen recognized candidate gene variants were among the eighteen major features on which our GCP model had been verified using data from earlier studies. Specific post-hoc clarification of the model's predictions was provided by ExplainerDashboard, a Python open-source library, to improve interpretability. Furthermore, we utilized OpenTarget and Enrichr, two bioinformatic resources, to establish connections between the discovered variations in genetics and pertinent ontologies, biological pathways, and possible drug/disease relationships. Unsupervised clustering of SHAP key feature values was included in the analysis, which revealed intricate genetic interactions that affect the severity of the disease. Our results show that although gender and age are the main factors influencing the severity of COVID-19, complex genetic interactions cause severe symptoms in a specific subset of patients. This work contributes to our comprehension of the biological variables influencing the severity of COVID-19 and offers a reliable, comprehensible model that can help recognize patients at high risk and guide individualized treatment plans. © (2025), (West University of Timisoara). All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Detection of Medicinal Plants Using machine learning 12th

Detection of Medicinal Plants Using Machine Learning

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Ravikumar, S. Eugene Berna, I. Babu, R. Arockia Raj, Y. Vijay, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Erode India Department of Computational Intelligence School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Campus Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Rajalakshmi Engineering College Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819789450

An exciting new direction in plant categorization and identification is the use of machine learning techniques for medicinal plant detection. Using a variety of photo datasets containing medicinal plants, this technique trains models using ANNs. The ML model learns the complex traits that distinguish various plant species by using data from pre-trained models or by developing bespoke architectures. Thanks to the trained model’s precision in visually recognizing therapeutic plants, everyone from researchers to ecologists can reap the benefits. Methods for medicinal plant identification that are both accurate and objective are crucial to biodiversity research and attempts to safeguard resources. Considerations of ethics, model calibration, and data curation should be incorporated into the construction of such systems. Gather any and all images of plants used for medical purposes. Various viewpoints, lighting scenarios, and plant types will enhance the set. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Plant diseases

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