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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Lars Klingel Alexander Heine Steven Acher Niklas Dausend Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW) University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

The usage of simulation technology is deeply established in the development and commissioning of automated production systems. Impending collisions of moving kinematics, such as robots, can therefore already be detected with the help of simulations before the production system goes into operation. However, changes in the control software of production systems that occur in the operating phase are often not secured, which entails risk, especially in the age of cyber-physical and adaptive production systems. This work presents a predictive simulation-based approach for the online collision avoidance of automated production systems by enabling virtual commissioning simulations for the application in the operating phase. This allows a cost-efficient way to achieve the safe operation of production systems without the need of additional configurations and sensors.

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Isolating Shared Resources for Time-Triggered Networking of Containerized Applications

Isolating Shared Resources for Time-Triggered Networking of ...

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International Conference on Mechatronics and machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP)

作者： Christian von Arnim Moritz Walker Armin Lechler Oliver Riedel Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW) University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

Multiple real-time applications can share a real-time network using the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme. For TDMA to be effective, each real-time application respects or is forced to respect its assigned network access slots. Container-based virtualization is one way of using common hardware for real-time applications. However, while methods for time isolation of computing resources such as CPU, memory bandwidth, and cache are available, there is still a lack of mechanisms for node-level network access isolation of multiple containers sharing a TDMA-based real-time network. This work qualitatively and quantitatively compares five approaches for achieving shared network resources for time-triggered real-time applications using prototypical implementations. Approaches compared include mandatory access control, proxying, iptables, extended Berkeley packet filtering, and virtualized process sand-boxing.

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Evaluation of Isolation and Communication Mechanisms for Real-Time Containers

Evaluation of Isolation and Communication Mechanisms for Rea...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Moritz Walker Marc Fischer Armin Lechler Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW) University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

The use of lightweight methods for virtualization has potential for control technology, such as increased update rates and an extension of control systems with value-added services. A programmable logic controller (PLC) is no longer a closed system but extensively offers interfaces to the outside. The trends towards decentralization, highly flexible systems, and a flattening of the automation pyramid create new requirements that classic control architectures need to meet. In this context, a high degree of integration between components with simultaneous temporal and spatial isolation is crucial. This paper addresses the conception of an isolation mechanism for the extension of the control functionality by value-added services. The basis for this is a combination of a partitioning hypervisor and software containers, which was chosen based on an evaluation of current isolation mechanisms for container solutions. Different messaging-based approaches with a common API for communication between components are developed and evaluated.

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Ambiguity tolerant commissioning ontology: Targeting client communication

Ambiguity tolerant commissioning ontology: Targeting client ...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on engineering, Technology and Innovation, ICE/ITMC 2021

作者： Ellwein, Carsten Krimstein, Viktor Riedel, Oliver Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665449632

There are various standards for the description of geometrical data, in terms of computer-aided design, as well as for the description of manufacturing processes. However, there is a lack in a data model that allows a product to be described partly by its geometry and partly by the description of the manufacturing process;whereby both forms of description are to be regarded as equivalent. Such a model would greatly facilitate communication in contract and job order manufacturing, especially in the computer-aided outsourcing of orders according to the cloud manufacturing paradigm. In this paper, this kind of data model is further justified and one ontological description, in compliance with existing standards, is introduced. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Ontology

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Modeling and Identification of Load-Dependent Properties for Electrically Preloaded Rack-and-Pinion Drives

Modeling and Identification of Load-Dependent Properties for...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Valentin Leipe Lukas Steinle Xabier Agirre Bikuña Armin Lechler Alexander Verl Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Mondragon Unibertsitatea - Faculty of Engineering Arrasate-Mondragon Spain

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Rack-and-pinion drives are preferred feed drives for long travel distances and heavy loads in large machine tools. One of the advantages compared to other feed drive systems is consistent stiffness regardless of travel length. A primary challenge with rack-and-pinion drives is the achievable accu-racy due to backlash. To compensate for backlash, electrically preloaded systems are commonly used in machine tools. In the case of electrical preload between two motors, the system is more complex to identify because the feed drive specific properties cannot be directly assigned to the respective drive train. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel method for modeling and identifying the load-dependent stiffness and damping of an electrically preloaded system. For this purpose, a mathematical modeling based on experimental data from a test bench with industrial components is presented to separate the drive train specific properties. This allows the system behavior to be modeled more accurately and used for control approaches.

关键词： Damping Accuracy Drives Motors Mathematical models Data models machine tools

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Design and Damping Characterization of Sandwich Composite Made of Particle-Filled Hollow Spheres and Steel Sheets

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Xin Penter, Lars Jehring, Ulrike Göhler, Hartmut Weißgärber, Thomas Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Chair of Machine Tools Development and Adaptive Control Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM Branch Lab Dresden Germany

Sandwich composites of particle-filled hollow sphere structures (PHSS) and steel plates offer outstanding lightweight and damping properties, making them ideal for high-speed machine tool components under dynamic loads. Previous research has focused on single particle-filled hollow sphere (PHS) and small-sized PHSS, leaving gap in understanding of the behavior of PHSS/steel sandwich composites. As a result, this material cannot yet be used in the design of machine tools. In this study, a test rig was developed, a design of experiments approach and response surface analysis were used to investigate the effect of design parameters (shell and core thickness), and particle parameters (filling ratio and particle size) on the damping performance of PHSS/steel sandwich. The experimental results indicate that the design parameters have a more significant influence on damping, so they should be given priority in the design of PHSS/steel sandwiches. Secondly, the correlation between design and particle parameters substantially affects the damping performance of the sandwich. Minimizing particle size, increasing filling ratio, thinning the face layer, and thickening the core layer significantly increase structural *** address the manufacturing tolerances of the cellular structure, this study develops a finite element (FE) model-based optimization approach that accurately determines the material parameters of PHSS. These parameters were used in a FE-model of PHSS/steel composite using identified contact parameters by minimizing the difference of measurement and simulation. It shows that the homogenized material model and linear model using global damping parameters accurately replicates the dynamic properties of PHSS/steel sandwich composite in low vibration modes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Damping

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Edge-Cloud Automation of Manufacturing machines: Analysis of Potential Designs and their Impact on the machine Performance

Edge-Cloud Automation of Manufacturing Machines: Analysis of...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Marco Giani Timur Tasci Patrick Wiener Alexander Verl Robert Bosch GmbH Renningen Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units Stuttgart Germany

The migration of industrial automation systems to an edge-cloud hosted on factory premises can reduce the operation costs of a manufacturing line and increase its flexibility thanks to computation scalability and use of cloud-native operation concepts. One limiting factor in the realization of edge-cloud automation systems (ECASs) lies in its operation mode over the network. This may result in tangible delays between the industrial process and the edge-cloud. This paper analyzes how the network delay affects the process performance of an industrial machine on the base of the real-time requirements of the control functions hosted in the edge-cloud. For this purpose, two potential scenarios for the migration of the control system of a real machine to the edge-cloud are implemented. Each scenario features the offloading of more real-time critical control functions to the edge-cloud, which is then tested under increasing load on the network. The study derives classes of automation functions according to the real-time requirements of a potential offloading to the edge-cloud. Furthermore, it shows how complementary designs of an ECAS can affect the performance of the automated systems. In this sense, the results reveal that firm real-time functions can be offloaded to the edge-cloud without any significant loss of performance even if non-real-time networking components are used. On the base of these results, potentials applications domains of ECASs are discussed prospectively and future work is proposed.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Automated Behavior Model Creation for Applications of Industrial Automation 57

Quantitative Evaluation of Automated Behavior Model Creation...

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18th IFAC Workshop on Time Delay Systems, TDS 2024

作者： Stegmaier, Valentin Eberhardt, Tobias Jazdi, Nasser Weyrich, Michael University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstraße 36 Stuttgart70174 Germany J. Schmalz GmbH Johannes-Schmalz-Straße 1 Glatten72293 Germany

Creating behavior models for Digital Twins manually requires significant effort, which hinders their widespread use. One possible solution involves using automated approaches to create behavior models. There are several approaches available in literature. Different articles assume that automated creation of behavior models is superior to manual creation, but to provide comprehensive proof, an expert benchmark is necessary. This article conducts such a benchmark with 10 experts setting up 9 different behavior models. The recorded times are compared with an automated method for creating behavior models. The manual creation takes up to 54 times more time compared to the automated method. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Office automation

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Automated Configuration of Optimized Customer Specific Mechatronic Systems Using Behavior Models 17

Automated Configuration of Optimized Customer Specific Mecha...

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17th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing engineering, CIRP ICME 2023

作者： Stegmaier, Valentin Eberhardt, Tobias Schaaf, Walter Jazdi, Nasser Weyrich, Michael Verl, Alexander University of Stuttgart Nobelstraße 12 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstraße 36 Stuttgart70174 Germany J. Schmalz GmbH Johannes-Schmalz-Straße 1 Glatten72293 Germany

The diversity of component manufacturers' product portfolios is often one of their greatest assets, as it allows them to offer appropriate solutions to a wide variety of customers. However, this diversity is also one of the greatest challenges, as it often makes it nearly impossible to design an optimal mechatronic system by manually selecting components. This is where the Digital Twin of the components can help. By providing behavior models and relevant information, existing optimization algorithms can be used to optimize for system-relevant key performance indicators enabling an automated system design process. The method presented in this paper is validated for a vacuum gripping systems. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smart manufacturing

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A sensitivity analysis approach to reduce economic risks in the design of edge-cloud automation systems in industry

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 128卷 526-531页

作者： Marco Giani Moritz Walker Michael Neubauer Nelly Frank Patrick Wiener Alexander Verl Robert Bosch GmbH Robert-Bosch-Campus 1 71272 Renningen Germany Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units University of Stuttgart Seidenstr. 36 70174 Stuttgart Germany

The migration of field-level automation systems to an edge-cloud hosted on premises can reduce the operation costs of a manufacturing line and increase its flexibility thanks to computation scalability and use of cloud-native operation concepts. Nonetheless, due to the novelty of the concept, a transparent life-cycle costs (LCC) assessment for edge-cloud automation systems (ECASs) is complex to achieve. In particular, uncertainties concerning costs related to the engineering and operation of an ECAS, such as commissioning delays or unexpected failures, increase the risks of investments towards its adoption. In this paper we propose a sensitivity analysis approach based on Monte Carlo (MC) life-cycle simulations. Through the approach, design parameters of an edge-cloud are investigated concerning their impact on the magnitude and distribution of LCC. The use of the approach is tested on a real-world case study to optimize the choice of the edge-cloud components and reduce the economic risks for its adoption. The proposed approach is expected to be integrated in early stages of the design process of a production line to identify cost-viable designs of ECASs, thus fostering the transition towards smart manufacturing systems.

关键词： edge-computing industrial automation Design methodology tools technologies

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