In this article an integrated fully differential current amplifier is presented. It was designed for inductive sensor excitation, in this case for a fluxgate sensor, however the concept is applicable wherever a low no...
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Photonic integrated circuits play a pivotal role in high-speed telecommunications and sensing, yet minimizing optical losses in scalable fabrication remains a persistent challenge. This study focuses on silicon nitrid...
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Photonic integrated circuits play a pivotal role in high-speed telecommunications and sensing, yet minimizing optical losses in scalable fabrication remains a persistent challenge. This study focuses on silicon nitride waveguides and applies a full-factorial design of experiments combined with regression trees to identify the layer-specific origins of propagation and bend excess losses. Regression tree modeling revealed that waveguide width is the dominant predictor of propagation loss, followed by material composition—particularly the upper cladding at lower widths and the waveguide core material at higher widths—highlighting the confinement-dependent interplay of scattering and absorption. Bend excess loss analysis indicated a shift in dominant predictors from bend radius and width to waveguide material at smaller radii. Although these dependencies have been previously established through physical modeling and experimental studies, most prior work covers smaller datasets or relies on idealized fabrication assumptions. The results of this work establish a statistically grounded and interpretable framework for waveguide loss analysis and underscore classification and regression trees’ utility in photonic process optimization. Our approach complements existing physical frameworks by providing a statistically grounded, data-driven method to optimize SiN photonic platforms, offering predictive insight into complex layer—geometry interactions and fabrication-induced variations that are difficult to model physically. By enabling predictive insight into layer—geometry interactions, this approach paves the way for more robust photonic integrated-circuit design in sensing and next-generation optical *** by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License . Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
For well-magnified imaging systems that satisfy the Nyquist criterion, camera pixels resolve the fine details provided by the objective lens. However, the mismatch in a space-bandwidth product (SBP) between the object...
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Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a cutting-edge technique for fabricating precise micro- and nanostructures, with applications in photonics, biomedical engineering, and micro-optics. A critical factor influencing th...
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Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a cutting-edge technique for fabricating precise micro- and nanostructures, with applications in photonics, biomedical engineering, and micro-optics. A critical factor influencing the optical performance of 2PP-fabricated structures is the refractive index (RI) of the printed parts. This study analyzes the refractive indices of three resins developed by UpNano GmbH . Using a Pulfrich refractometer, dispersion curves of the polymerized resins were measured across the visible to near-infrared spectrum (450 nm – 1550 nm), and temperature-dependent RI behavior was characterized for both liquid and polymerized resins (15°C – 50°C). The RI of the polymerized resins ranges from 1.496 to 1.567. What we believe to be a novel model was developed to account for periodic RI fluctuations inherent in 2PP-printed parts due to voxel-based polymerization patterns. The model fits experimental data well and provides additional insights into the degree of polymerization within printed samples. These findings not only enhance understanding of the optical properties of 2PP-fabricated structures but also suggest opportunities for tailoring materials for gradient-index optics and other advanced optical applications.
Multiple portable electronic devices (PED) such as smartphones and laptops are carried during flight in cabin and cockpit by passenger and crew. When the Lithium-Ion batteries of PEDs go into thermal runaway flammable...
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As wind turbines are increasing both in number and in height, they are exposed to a major threat in form of lightning strikes. The protection of these structures from the effects of lightning is an important issue in ...
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High-performance Li-ion battery systems require sophisticated thermal management to ensure safe operation and long battery life. Testing such thermal management systems comes with some disadvantages and safety concern...
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Fiber optic sensors are immune against electromagnetic interference (EMI). Hence a fiber optic current sensor network can be used for lightning detection and classification in insulating materials. The first applicati...
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Surveillance is an important application of sensor networks. In this paper it is demonstrated how a sparse network of stationary infrared (IR) sensors with highly directional, stationary beam patterns based on the LID...
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The applicability of a sparse sensor network with only two sensor nodes and a small number of directional LIDAR sensors to detect and track humans in an area of surveillance is investigated. The detection and tracking...
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