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32nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2023

作者： Grubmuller, Michael Schweighofer, Bernhard Wegleiter, Hannes Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399714

High-performance Li-ion battery systems require sophisticated thermal management to ensure safe operation and long battery life. Testing such thermal management systems comes with some disadvantages and safety concerns. For this reason, the use of thermal battery dummies is advantageous. In this work, we present the design of a thermal battery dummy with 26650 cylindrical cell geometry with an integrated sensor node. The control of the heating power and the temperature measurement is done inside the dummy cell. Power supply and communication with a test bench computer are done through the supply lines. Thus, the only cell connections are the battery terminals, resulting in a dummy cell with geometric characteristics equivalent to a real Li-ion cylindrical cell. This and an addressing-based communication protocol allows parallel operation of multiple battery dummies in a dummy pack compound. The design of the thermal parameters is based on preceding thermal measurements on a real battery cell;in the following we explain the concept of the thermal dummy and go into more detail on the main electronic circuits. With final measurements on a prototype we show the achieved properties of the thermal dummy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： sensor nodes

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Evaluation of low-cost sensing fibers in a fiber optic current sensor used for DC measurements in the power grid

Evaluation of low-cost sensing fibers in a fiber optic curre...

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Optica Sensing Congress 2023, AIS, FTS, HISE, sensors, ES 2023 - Part of Optical sensors and Sensing Congress 2023

作者： Mandl, Johannes Trampitsch, Philipp Klambauer, Reinhard Bergmann, Alexander Institute of Electric Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz8010 Austria

Two types of low-cost sensing fiber are evaluated in an inline fiber optic current sensor designated for use in the power grid. The fibers are investigated in terms of linear current response and sensitivity. © 2... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171241

关键词： Costs

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Evaluation of the Durability of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Over Six Months

Evaluation of the Durability of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors ...

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Optica Sensing Congress 2023, AIS, FTS, HISE, sensors, ES 2023 - Part of Optical sensors and Sensing Congress 2023

作者： Unterkofler, Johanna Klambauer, Reinhard Bergmann, Alexander Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33/I Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171241

Temperature monitoring of lithium-ion batteries is very important because aging is temperature dependent. In this work, we integrated fiber B ragg g rating (FBG) sensors into a pouch cell and evaluated the stability of the sensitivity over a period of six months. The FBGs were calibrated once a month. Good stability of the fibers was found. © 2023 The Author (s).

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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An Integrated Fully Differential Current Amplifier With Frequency Compensation for Inductive sensor Excitation

IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems

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IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and systems 2025年 6卷 147-154页

作者： Scherzer, Maximilian Auer, Mario Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Austria

In this article an integrated fully differential current amplifier is presented. It was designed for inductive sensor excitation, in this case for a fluxgate sensor, however the concept is applicable wherever a low noise and precise current is required. A brief review of some of the basic elements of the circuit is given, followed by the development of a model that takes into account output impedance limitations due to mismatch and stability criteria, an essential consideration in the design of a stable current amplifier for inductive loads. Based on the proposed model, the design and implementation of the current amplifier is outlined, identifying potential difficulties for on-chip integration. The final design was then fabricated using a standard 180 nm CMOS technology. measurement results show that the circuit draws only 2.8 mA from a 3.3 V supply voltage and occupies a total area of 0.64 mm2. Special efforts were made to accurately evaluate the output impedance, whereby a value of 436 kΩ was recorded. In addition, the current amplifier achieves an output-referred noise current of 2.5 nA/Hz, resulting in a measured signal-to-noise ratio of more than 105.2 dB for a bandwidth of 512 Hz at an output current of 9 mAp-p. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Differential amplifiers

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Photothermal Gas Sensing with a Custom-Made, Fiber-Coupled Fabry-Pérot Etalon 5

Photothermal Gas Sensing with a Custom-Made, Fiber-Coupled F...

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Applied Optical Metrology V 2023

作者： Tanzer, M. Lang, B. Bergmann, A. Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse 33I Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781510665583

Growing awareness of the adverse health effects of nitrogen oxides has increased the demand for reliable, sensitive and mass-producible sensor systems. Photothermal interferometry has shown great promise towards sensitive, selective and miniaturized sensor solutions. This work describes the development of a macroscopic photothermal sensor system with a sensor head consisting of a low-cost, custom-made and fiber-coupled Fabry-Pérot etalon. The sensor was tested with NO2, achieving a 3σ limit of detection of 2.5 ppmv (1 s). Exhibiting little drift, a limit of detection of 100 ppbv is achievable for 200 s integration time. Compensating for the low excitation power, the normalized noise equivalent absorption was calculated to be 2.2 × 10-8 cm-1W/√Hz. The sensor system is not limited to NO2, but can be used for any gas or aerosol species, by exchanging the excitation laser source. © 2023 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

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DC measurement in HVAC-systems: Status Quo and Recent Developments 58

DC Measurement in HVAC-Systems: Status Quo and Recent Develo...

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58th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, UPEC 2023

作者： Schachinger, Philipp Albert, Dennis Frohlich, Alexander Renner, Herwig Mandl, Johannes Trampitsch, Philipp Klambauer, Reinhard Bergmann, Alexander Schoffer, Werner Institute of Electrical Power Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Artemes GmbH Eibiswald Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316834

The measurement of small direct currents in presence of high AC currents on high voltage potential is a challenging task. Inductive current transducers (CT) are not able to measure DC and other non-conventional CTs are also not designed for DC. Therefore, DC measurements are done in transformer neutral points on ground potential. In this work, the state of the art on DC measurements in the high-voltage transmission grid is given, including the measurement in the transformer neutral point, the indirect measurement with the differential magnetometer method, and the indirect method of measuring a compensating current. In addition an optical current measurement system under development is presented. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： DC transformers

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Fiber Optic Current sensor Prototype for Low DC measurements in the Power Grid 13

Fiber Optic Current Sensor Prototype for Low DC Measurements...

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13th IEEE International Workshop on Applied measurements for Power systems, AMPS 2023

作者： Mandl, Johannes Trampitsch, Philipp Schachinger, Philipp Albert, Dennis Klambauer, Reinhard Bergmann, Alexander Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute of Electrical Power Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria OMICRON Electronics GmbH Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350312409

Our society is dependent on a continuous supply of electrical energy. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor all occurring signals in the transmission grid to assess their effect on the grid's components and security of supply. In particular, the time course and distribution of direct currents such as geomagnetically induced currents is of great interest. In this paper, we report progress on the development of a fiber optic current sensor intended to observe direct currents on all three phases of a high-voltage power grid. The device exploiting the Faraday effect can be described in a theoretical model using Jones formalism. We calculated the sensor scale factor when using twisted single-mode and spun HiBi fiber as the sensing head, giving implications on the applicability of those fibers for a highly sensitive fiber optic current sensor. Laboratory results of the sensor prototype show a linear current relationship for currents below 1 A. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fibers

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A 4 Bit Segmented Current-Steering Harmonic-Cancelling Digital-to-Analog Converter for High Frequency Sine-Wave Synthesis

A 4 Bit Segmented Current-Steering Harmonic-Cancelling Digit...

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and systems

作者： Maximilian Scherzer Mario Auer Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9798350378771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378788

Sinusoidal signal generators are critical in various integrated circuit systems, such as mixed-signal BIST applications, RF communication systems, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Digital-to-analog converters, which only need to generate a sinusoidal signal, can be realized using digital harmonic-cancelling sine wave synthesizers (DHSS). The sine wave is obtained by adding weighted and shifted square waves, resulting in a staircase approximation of the sinusoid. However, due to mismatch, the weights have some variation, resulting in decreased performance. Dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are possible, but existing implementations require a large number of unit elements. This paper presents a segmented harmonic-cancelling digital-to-analog converter (HC-DAC) that achieves comparable performance in terms of signal quality, but with a greatly decreased number of unit elements, thereby lowering the circuit complexity. Implemented in a 180 nm CMOS technology, the 4-bit segmented HC-DAC achieves an SDR of 77 dB at 2 MHz with a power consumption of $254 \mu \mathrm{~W}$ and minimal area usage. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed design, demonstrating significant performance improvements over existing sine wave synthesizers.

关键词： Integrated circuits Power demand Synthesizers Digital-analog conversion Simulation Layout DH-HEMTs Signal generators Complexity theory High frequency

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Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessing Position Accuracy of Edge-Emitting Lasers to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessi...

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2024 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2024

作者： Hinum-Wagner, Jakob Wilhelm Kraft, Jochen Sidorov, Victor Hoermann, Samuel Feigl, Gandolf Bergmann, Alexander Ams Osram Group Tobelbaderstraße 30 Premstaetten8054 Austria Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse 33 Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361957

Advanced photonic integrated systems require precise light source coupling, especially with edge-emitting lasers. This paper discusses how passive 2D alignment achieves below-micron accuracy. It introduces a metrology procedure for consistent analysis of the positioning process in manufacturing, ensuring optimal performance and reliable failure analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Data Protection Regulation Compliant Dataset Generation for LiDAR-Based People Detection Using Neural Networks

Data Protection Regulation Compliant Dataset Generation for ...

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2024 IEEE International Conferences of AI, Science, Engineering, and technology, AIxSET 2024

作者： Haas, Lukas Zedelmeier, Johann Bindges, Florian Kuba, Matthias Zeh, Thomas Jakobi, Martin Koch, Alexander W. Institute for Driver Assistance Systems and Connected Mobility Kempten University of Applied Sciences Germany Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich Germany Blickfeld GmbH Munich Germany Kempten University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390995

The use of LiDAR sensor technology for people detection offers a significant advantage in terms of data pro-tection. In LiDAR point clouds, unlike camera images, people can be detected but not identified without further information. LiDAR sensors are, therefore, particularly suitable for detecting people in publicly accessible places and reacting accordingly to the number of people, for example, with on demand services at airports. Due to the anonymity of people in LiDAR point clouds, personal data is protected, and approval for implementing such a detection system is simpler than that of comparable camera systems. In this paper, we present a measurement setup that covers the configuration of the sensor setup, the creation of a dataset for training neural networks for object detection, and the object detection itself. The measurement setup generates an average of 2408 automatically labeled point clouds per sensor, per hour. The SECOND network trained with this dataset achieves average precision for the intersection over union of the 2D view with a threshold of 0.5 of 87.67 %, the PV-RCNN of 85.74 % and an average precision for the average orientation similarity with a threshold of 0.5 of 89.56 %, and for the PV-RCNN of 87.81 %. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Anonymity

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