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Towards a System for Remote Emission Sensing Utilizing TDLAS for Concentration measurement: A Promising Approach for Accurate and Direct Emission measurements

Towards a System for Remote Emission Sensing Utilizing TDLAS...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： Paul Schaffer Hafiz Hashim Imtiaz Benjamin Lang Martin Kupper Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems University of Technology Graz Austria

This work presents a system for remote emission sensing (RES), focusing on the design and simulation-based evaluation of a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS). The system aims to measure CO 2 emissions over a 10 m pathlength using targeted absorption lines in the 1601.0 nm to 1601.6 nm wavelength range. Simulations demonstrate the feasibility of accurately determining gas concentration and temperature with minimal errors. We also explore the application of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) for enhanced sensitivity, favoring the balanced detection scheme over the single photodetector setup. These findings lay the groundwork for a laboratory setup and future research on expanding the system to measure additional analytes relevant to RES.

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A Gas Imaging sensor System of Automotive Exhaust Plumes for Remote Emission Sensing Application Basing on Schlieren Imaging An Approach to Visualize and Size Vehicle Exhaust Plumes

A Gas Imaging Sensor System of Automotive Exhaust Plumes for...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： Hafiz Hashim Imtiaz Paul Schaffer Martin Kupper Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems University of Technology Graz Austria

In this work we present a system for remote emission sensing (RES), focusing on a system for optical gas imaging, to enable direct concentration measurements by a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique. The technique is basing on background oriented schlieren imaging to give a robust information of the exhaust plume size, thus the absorption length of the laser. We present the description of the system, our approach of AI-based image processing and verification results. The gas imaging system was tested on-road and characterized in lab with controlled gas mixtures. First results from lab characterization and on-road measurements prove the feasibility of the approach, i.e. exhaust plumes of passing cars are reliably detected and the sizes of plumes are then calculated appropriately.

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Design of a Thermal Battery Dummy with Integrated sensor Node

Design of a Thermal Battery Dummy with Integrated Sensor Nod...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Michael Grubmüller Bernhard Schweighofer Hannes Wegleiter Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

High-performance Li-ion battery systems require sophisticated thermal management to ensure safe operation and long battery life. Testing such thermal management systems comes with some disadvantages and safety concerns. For this reason, the use of thermal battery dummies is advantageous. In this work, we present the design of a thermal battery dummy with 26650 cylindrical cell geometry with an integrated sensor node. The control of the heating power and the temperature measurement is done inside the dummy cell. Power supply and communication with a test bench computer are done through the supply lines. Thus, the only cell connections are the battery terminals, resulting in a dummy cell with geometric characteristics equivalent to a real Li-ion cylindrical cell. This and an addressing-based communication protocol allows parallel operation of multiple battery dummies in a dummy pack compound. The design of the thermal parameters is based on preceding thermal measurements on a real battery cell; in the following we explain the concept of the thermal dummy and go into more detail on the main electronic circuits. With final measurements on a prototype we show the achieved properties of the thermal dummy.

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Design Aspects for Eddy Current Displacement sensors in High Temperature Environments

Design Aspects for Eddy Current Displacement Sensors in High...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： G. Gruber M. Neumayer B. Schweighofer H. Wegleiter Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350363517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363524

The application of eddy current displacement sensors (ECDSs) for monitoring industrial processes has been studied. Industrial processes often present challenges due to harsh operating conditions. For example, sensors can be affected by high temperatures, dirt, dust, and humidity. These effects cause significant deviations in the measurement signal, necessitating the development of robust sensors. In this study, we present an approach for designing an ECDS suitable for high temperature environments with high temperature variations and varying humidity levels. Our approach addresses various aspects, including the selection of former materials, suitable winding techniques, and measurement frequencies, to develop a sensor system capable of accurately measuring large distances in such environments. We present lab measurements showing the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results provide a basis for reliable position measurement with ECDS in harsh environments.

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature sensors Coils Inductance Current measurement Windings sensors Frequency measurement Inductance measurement Eddy currents

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Ice Sensing Using Combined Capacitive and Impedance Spectroscopic measurements

Ice Sensing Using Combined Capacitive and Impedance Spectros...

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IEEE sensorS

作者： M. Neumayer T. Bretterklieber Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Sensing of natural ice accretion comprises the detection of the start of an icing event and the measurement of the thickness of a grown ice layer. In this work we present a combined capacitive and impedance spectroscopic sensing approach for ice detection and thickness measurement. We show the realization of a small sized inter digitated electrode sensor for ice detection and discuss the sensing effects and propose a detector based on a phase evaluation scheme using off-the-shelf measurement ICs. For ice thickness measurement we demonstrate the design of sensors with a good linearity behavior with respect to the ice thickness.

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Noise and Uncertainty Analysis for Time and Frequency Domain Vibration measurements using Acceleration sensors

Noise and Uncertainty Analysis for Time and Frequency Domain...

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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： M. Neumayer T. Bretterklieber Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Grau Austria

Displacement measurement systems based on acceleration sensors provide an interesting sensing approach for vibration monitoring. Hereby the displacement is computed by a double integration of the acceleration signals. The main challenge hereby are offset signals in the acceleration signal. Hence a lower cutoff frequency has to be determined for this sensing principle. However, not only DC components in the acceleration signal have to be considered, but also the measurement noise in the acceleration signal has to be taken into account. In this work we present a noise and uncertainty analysis for accelerometer based displacement measurement using a MEMS based sensor. We hereby investigate time domain and frequency domain displacement measurements. Theoretical results and comparative numerical studies are presented.

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Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessing Position Accuracy of Edge-Emitting Lasers to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessi...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： Jakob Wilhelm Hinum-Wagner Jochen Kraft Victor Sidorov Samuel Hoermann Gandolf Feigl Alexander Bergmann Ams Osram Group Premstaetten Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350361957

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361964

Advanced photonic integrated systems require precise light source coupling, especially with edge-emitting lasers. This paper discusses how passive 2D alignment achieves below-micron accuracy. It introduces a metrology procedure for consistent analysis of the positioning process in manufacturing, ensuring optimal performance and reliable failure analysis.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Micrometers Accuracy Lasers Photonic integrated circuits Metrology Assembly Surface treatment Standards Photonics

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System-Based Monitoring Approach for Mechanical Seals Using Excited Mechanical Resonances by an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer

System-Based Monitoring Approach for Mechanical Seals Using ...

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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： A. Siegl S. Leithner B. Schweighofer H. Wegleiter Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute of Hydraulic Fluid Machinery Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Mechanical seals are widely used today for sealing applications in the field of hydraulic fluid machinery. The main components of the seal are the stationary ring and the rotating ring. After the seal is assembled, the sealing gap is formed between the rings. The solid-state contact situation in the gap is crucial for the service life of the seal. To avoid unexpected machine stoppages due to seal failures, monitoring of the seal is required. In this paper, a new approach to seal monitoring is presented. In this approach, the stationary ring is considered as a mechanical system and a specific mechanical resonance of the stationary ring is excited with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer and measured with an accelerometer. The mechanical resonance is influenced by the solid-state contact situation in the sealing gap and the resulting mechanical coupling between the rings. A specially developed test rig is used to press the rings together gradually, thus changing the contact situation in the sealing gap. The changes in the calculated magnitude and phase of the system are evaluated in terms of the ring compression. The results clearly show that the presented approach is suitable to measure the interaction between the two rings, as the magnitude shows a relative change of up to 75 % and the phase increases by 48° when the mechanical coupling is increased by gradually pressing the rings together. These results show that the excited mechanical resonances can be used to indicate mechanical changes in the seal and thus provide the basis for a novel monitoring approach.

关键词： Couplings Acoustic transducers Presses Seals Pressing Mechanical variables measurement Acoustic measurements

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Data-driven insight into propagation and bend losses in silicon nitride waveguides using classification and regression trees and design of experiments

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Optical Materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1278-1293页

作者： Jakob Wilhelm Hinum-Wagner Peter Scheibelhofer Samuel Marko Hörmann Christoph Schmidt Golf Feigl Jochen Kraft Alexer Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 8010 Graz Austria ams OSRAM Group Tobelbaderstraße 30 8141 Premstaetten Austria

Photonic integrated circuits play a pivotal role in high-speed telecommunications and sensing, yet minimizing optical losses in scalable fabrication remains a persistent challenge. This study focuses on silicon nitride waveguides and applies a full-factorial design of experiments combined with regression trees to identify the layer-specific origins of propagation and bend excess losses. Regression tree modeling revealed that waveguide width is the dominant predictor of propagation loss, followed by material composition—particularly the upper cladding at lower widths and the waveguide core material at higher widths—highlighting the confinement-dependent interplay of scattering and absorption. Bend excess loss analysis indicated a shift in dominant predictors from bend radius and width to waveguide material at smaller radii. Although these dependencies have been previously established through physical modeling and experimental studies, most prior work covers smaller datasets or relies on idealized fabrication assumptions. The results of this work establish a statistically grounded and interpretable framework for waveguide loss analysis and underscore classification and regression trees’ utility in photonic process optimization. Our approach complements existing physical frameworks by providing a statistically grounded, data-driven method to optimize SiN photonic platforms, offering predictive insight into complex layer—geometry interactions and fabrication-induced variations that are difficult to model physically. By enabling predictive insight into layer—geometry interactions, this approach paves the way for more robust photonic integrated-circuit design in sensing and next-generation optical *** by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License . Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

关键词： Bend loss Integrated photonics Optical signals Optical systems Silicon nitride Waveguide cores

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Millimeter wave metamaterial for high-order orbital angular momentum generation 17

Millimeter wave metamaterial for high-order orbital angular ...

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17th International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena, Metamaterials 2023

作者： Schossmann, Alexander Tofferl, Michael Bergmann, Alexander Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse33/I Graz8010 Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Structured Matter Based Sensing Inffeldgasse 33/I Graz8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350332445

We propose a millimeter wave metamaterial for high-order OAM generation. The concept uses a reflecting metasurface irradiated by a small antenna (e.g., on-chip antenna) that emits linearly polarized millimeter waves at an operating frequency of 61 GHz. We present the numerical proof of principle using finite element simulations. Results show that OAM generation of the order of ten is feasible by varying one geometrical parameter of the metamaterial unit cell. Subsequent work is to further optimize the OAM generation by combining variations of multiple parameters to minimize the amplitude response variation and experimentally analyze the concept. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Metamaterials

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