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作者： Barker, D.S. Klimov, N.N. Tiesinga, E. Fedchak, J.A. Scherschligt, J. Eckel, S. Sensor Science Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States Quantum Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States

We present our progress towards a comparison of NIST's cold atom primary vacuum standard and a dynamic expansion vacuum standard. The cold atom vacuum standard (CAVS) converts the loss rate of atoms from a magnetic trap to a vacuum pressure using ab initio calculations of the quantum atom-molecule collision cross-section. To validate the CAVS, we have constructed a new flowmeter and dynamic expansion system that can produce low-uncertainty pressures in the ultra-high-vacuum range that is required for atom trapping. We discuss the operation and systematics of both the CAVS and flowmeter. © 2021

关键词： Laser cooling

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Compatibility Analysis of Profile and Areal Material Measures 13

Compatibility Analysis of Profile and Areal Material Measure...

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Optical measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection XIII 2023

作者： Eifler, Matthias Hering-Stratemeier, Julian von Freymann, Georg Seewig, Jörg IU University of Applied Sciences Erfurt99084 Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology MTS RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Opti-Cal GmbH Kaiserslautern Germany Physics Department and State Research Center OPTIMAS RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781510664463

ISBN: (纸本)9781510664456

The standardized material measures of ISO 25178-70 are categorized as either profile or areal surface geometry with regard to their application. This categorization limits many types of material measures to be only applicable to certain types of measuring instruments. To enable comparability and uncertainty estimation for many different types of measuring instruments, we examine the adaption of the either profile or areal assigned standardized material measures of ISO 25178-70 to multiple types of measuring instruments. For this enhancement the structures can be either imaged in different lateral directions, or changed to circular geometries that allow a sampling in different directions. The revised geometries are designed, manufactured, and measured to practically demonstrate the possibilities for a multifunctional calibration of different measuring instrument categories and to illustrate the effect of directionality on the results. Many types of material measures which are assigned to the calibration of profile measuring instruments can be enhanced to also allow a specific calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments and the additional axes that is introduced hereby. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Calibration

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Segment-Anything Models Achieve Zero-shot Robustness in Autonomous Driving

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yan, Jun Wang, Pengyu Wang, Danni Huang, Weiquan Watzenig, Daniel Yin, Huilin The College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China The Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology The Virtual Vehicle Research Graz8010 Austria

Semantic segmentation is a significant perception task in autonomous driving. It suffers from the risks of adversarial examples. In the past few years, deep learning has gradually transitioned from convolutional neural network (CNN) models with a relatively small number of parameters to foundation models with a huge number of parameters. The segment-anything model (SAM) is a generalized image segmentation framework that is capable of handling various types of images and is able to recognize and segment arbitrary objects in an image without the need to train on a specific object. It is a unified model that can handle diverse downstream tasks, including semantic segmentation, object detection, and tracking. In the task of semantic segmentation for autonomous driving, it is significant to study the zero-shot adversarial robustness of SAM. Therefore, we deliver a systematic empirical study on the robustness of SAM without additional training. Based on the experimental results, the zero-shot adversarial robustness of the SAM under the black-box corruptions and white-box adversarial attacks is acceptable, even without the need for additional training. The finding of this study is insightful in that the gigantic model parameters and huge amounts of training data lead to the phenomenon of emergence, which builds a guarantee of adversarial robustness. SAM is a vision foundation model that can be regarded as an early prototype of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) pipeline. In such a pipeline, a unified model can handle diverse tasks. Therefore, this research not only inspects the impact of vision foundation models on safe autonomous driving but also provides a perspective on developing trustworthy AGI. The code is available at: https://***/momo1986/robust_sam_iv. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Interface Modification of TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer with PbCl_(2)for Perovskiote Solar Cells with Carbon Electrode

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Tsinghua Science and technology 2022年第4期27卷 741-750页

作者： Abolfazl Amraeinia Yuhua Zuo Jun Zheng Zhi Liu Guangze Zhang Liping Luo Buwen Cheng Xiaoping Zou Chunbo Li Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of SemiconductorChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for SensorMOE Key Laboratory for Modern Measurement and Control TechnologyBeijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing 100101China School of Science Minzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China

Perovskite Solar Cells(PSCs)have attracted considerable attention because of their unique features and high ***,the stability of perovskite solar cells remains to be *** this study,we modified the TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer(ETL)interface with PbCl_(2).The efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with carbon electrodes increased from 11.28%to 13.34%,and their stability obviously *** addition of PbCl_(2)had no effect on the morphology,crystal structure,and absorption property of the perovskite absorber ***,it affected the band energy level alignment of the solar cells and accelerated the electron extraction and transfer at the interface between the perovskite layer and the ETL,thus enhancing the overall photovoltaic *** interfacial modification of ETL with PbCl_(2)is a promising way for the potential commercialization of low-cost carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells.

关键词： Perovskite Solar Cell(PSC) Electron Transport Layer(ETL) electron and hole recombination modification stability

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sensor Design Based on MSL Coupled with HCSRR-Loaded Ground Plane for Material Characterization

Sensor Design Based on MSL Coupled with HCSRR-Loaded Ground ...

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IEEE SSD International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices

作者： Swaranpreet Kaur Surinder Singh Murari Mohan Sinha Dhivakar Rajendran Adiraju Anurag Olfa Kanoun Department of Physics Sant Longowal Institute of Engg. & Tech. Longowal Sangrur India Department of ECE Sant Longowal Institute of Engg. & Tech. Longowal Sangrur India Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331542726

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542733

Material characterization utilizing electromagnetic planar sensors is a promising area within modern sensing technology. This work introduces a novel sensor design based on a microstrip line (MSL) structure coupled with three hexagonal-shaped complementary split-ring resonators (HCSRR) etched onto the ground plane. The primary purpose of the proposed sensor is to measure the dielectric constant of the material under test (MUT). The MSL-HCSRR sensor is specifically engineered to operate within the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band centered at 2.4 GHz. The total dimensions of the sensor structure are optimized to 0.35 λ 0 × 0.16 λ 0 × 0.01 λ 0 . The interaction of electromagnetic waves with the MUT induces a shift in resonant frequencies, utilized for material characterization. The proposed MSL-HCSRR configuration exhibits an E-field distribution of about 1.15 x 10 4 V/m and hence, enhances the sensitivity of the sensor by inducing a resonance response that is influenced by the changing dielectric properties of the MUT. This approach enables precise and reliable characterization of materials, particularly those with varying dielectric constants.

关键词： Sensitivity Dielectric constant Soil measurements Soil moisture Resonant frequency Materials reliability sensor phenomena and characterization Solids Dielectric measurement Microstrip

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Investigation of Strain Behavior during Aluminum Casting Process with Regenerated Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays 27

Investigation of Strain Behavior during Aluminum Casting Pro...

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27th International Conference on Optical Fiber sensors, OFS 2022

作者： Bian, Qiang Bauer, Constantin Stadler, Andrea Buchfellner, Fabian Jakobi, Martin Volk, Wolfram Koch, Alexander W. Roths, Johannes Photonics Laboratory Munich University of Applied Sciences Munich80335 Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Technical University of Munich Metal Forming and Casting Garching85748 Germany

The strain evolution and distribution during an aluminum casting were monitored with regenerated fiber Bragg gratings, showing that the strain behavior was highly related to the solidification characteristics of the a... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171142

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Predictive modelling of cryogenic hard turning of AISI 52100 based on response surface methodology for the use in soft sensors 6th

Predictive modelling of cryogenic hard turning of AISI 52100...

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6th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2022

作者： Grossmann, Felix Basten, Stephan Kirsch, Benjamin Ankener, Werner Smaga, Marek Beck, Tilmann Uebel, Julian Seewig, Jörg Aurich, Jan C. Institute For Manufacturing Technology And Production Systems Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute Of Materials Science And Engineering Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute For Measurement And Sensor Technology Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

This paper focuses on the development of an empirical model for the use in soft sensors to predict the surface layer properties of AISI 52100 machined via cryogenic hard turning. By using response surface methodology, a multiple regression is performed to achieve correlations between the process parameters, the process forces and the temperature, as well as the residual stresses and the austenite content. The results show a predictive R2 of over 0.75 and indicate that the empirical model can be used in soft sensors for a process control of cryogenic hard turning. © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Cryogenics

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Refractive index characterization and modeling of polymerization-dependent refractive index variations in two-photon polymerization resins

Optics Continuum

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Optics Continuum 2025年第5期4卷 996-1005页

作者： Golf Feigl Daniel Zaugg Jakob W Hinum-Wagner Samuel M Hörmann Alexer Bergmann Graz University of Technology Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Inffeldgasse 33 8010 Graz Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Structured Matter Based Sensing 8010 Graz Austria ams OSRAM Group Tobelbader Strasse 30 8141 Premstaetten Austria

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a cutting-edge technique for fabricating precise micro- and nanostructures, with applications in photonics, biomedical engineering, and micro-optics. A critical factor influencing the optical performance of 2PP-fabricated structures is the refractive index (RI) of the printed parts. This study analyzes the refractive indices of three resins developed by UpNano GmbH . Using a Pulfrich refractometer, dispersion curves of the polymerized resins were measured across the visible to near-infrared spectrum (450 nm – 1550 nm), and temperature-dependent RI behavior was characterized for both liquid and polymerized resins (15°C – 50°C). The RI of the polymerized resins ranges from 1.496 to 1.567. What we believe to be a novel model was developed to account for periodic RI fluctuations inherent in 2PP-printed parts due to voxel-based polymerization patterns. The model fits experimental data well and provides additional insights into the degree of polymerization within printed samples. These findings not only enhance understanding of the optical properties of 2PP-fabricated structures but also suggest opportunities for tailoring materials for gradient-index optics and other advanced optical applications.

关键词： Femtosecond lasers Gradient index optics Optical components Optical properties Refractive index Ultrafast lasers

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Fiber Optic Current sensor Prototype for Low DC measurements in the Power Grid

Fiber Optic Current Sensor Prototype for Low DC Measurements...

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IEEE International Workshop on Applied measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)

作者： Johannes Mandl Philipp Trampitsch Philipp Schachinger Dennis Albert Reinhard Klambauer Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute of Electrical Power Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria OMICRON electronics GmbH Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Our society is dependent on a continuous supply of electrical energy. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor all occurring signals in the transmission grid to assess their effect on the grid's components and security of supply. In particular, the time course and distribution of direct currents such as geomagnetically induced currents is of great interest. In this paper, we report progress on the development of a fiber optic current sensor intended to observe direct currents on all three phases of a high-voltage power grid. The device exploiting the Faraday effect can be described in a theoretical model using Jones formalism. We calculated the sensor scale factor when using twisted single-mode and spun HiBi fiber as the sensing head, giving implications on the applicability of those fibers for a highly sensitive fiber optic current sensor. Laboratory results of the sensor prototype show a linear current relationship for currents below 1 A.

关键词：

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Depth-resolved characterization of cryogenic hard turned surface layer of AISI 52100 by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy investigations 6th

Depth-resolved characterization of cryogenic hard turned sur...

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6th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2022

作者： Ankener, Werner Smaga, Marek Uebel, Julian Seewig, Jörg Grossmann, Felix Basten, Stephan Kirsch, Benjamin Aurich, Jan C. Beck, Tilmann Institute Of Materials Science And Engineering Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute For Measurement And Sensor Technology Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute For Manufacturing Technology And Production Systems Tu Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

In this study, the cryogenic hard turned surface layer of AISI 52100 steel was characterized by depth-resolved investigations of the residual stresses and the austenitic phase content from the surface to a depth of 100 μm. The specimens were manufactured with machining parameters that were chosen based on an empiric model of cryogenic turning. Significant differences were quantified between the specimens regarding residual stresses and the austenitic phase content down to a depth of 20 μm. Here, Grazing Incidence XRD and FIB technique were applied to analyze the mechanically and thermally induced white layer regarding their austenitic phase content and microstructure. © 2022 The Authors.

关键词： Cryogenics

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