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IEEE sensorS

作者： G. Gruber M. Neumayer B. Schweighofer H. Wegleiter Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350363517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363524

The application of eddy current displacement sensors (ECDSs) for monitoring industrial processes has been studied. Industrial processes often present challenges due to harsh operating conditions. For example, sensors can be affected by high temperatures, dirt, dust, and humidity. These effects cause significant deviations in the measurement signal, necessitating the development of robust sensors. In this study, we present an approach for designing an ECDS suitable for high temperature environments with high temperature variations and varying humidity levels. Our approach addresses various aspects, including the selection of former materials, suitable winding techniques, and measurement frequencies, to develop a sensor system capable of accurately measuring large distances in such environments. We present lab measurements showing the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results provide a basis for reliable position measurement with ECDS in harsh environments.

关键词： Temperature measurement Temperature sensors Coils Inductance Current measurement Windings sensors Frequency measurement Inductance measurement Eddy currents

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COMBINING ADJACENT SELF-SIMILARITY FEATURE AND ENHANCED MATCHING METHOD FOR SENTINEL IMAGE REGISTRATION 10

COMBINING ADJACENT SELF-SIMILARITY FEATURE AND ENHANCED MATC...

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10th International Symposium on Test Automation and Instrumentation, ISTAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Hui Song, Yu Hu, Jingfang Li, Yansheng Li, Yang Gao, Guowei Beijing Key Laboratory of Sensor Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100192 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

The accurate registration of Sentinel-2 optical images with Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images plays a critical role in remote sensing applications such as disaster management, environmental monitoring and military target identification. The distinct imaging mechanisms of the two images result in non-negligible radiometric and geometric differences, which make traditional image registration techniques suffer from insufficient correct matching points or even registration failures. To solve this problem, an optimised image registration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, First, the structural features are obtained by computing the adjacent self-similarity (ASS) features, and effectively suppress the interference of radiometric differences and speckle noise on the registration process through constructing index map and minimum self-similarity map (SSM). Subsequently, a new key-point detector is designed to restrain the local non-maximum of the minimum SSM, and a descriptor for the distribution histogram is built by log-polar grids. Finally, we employ a cascaded sample consensus (CSC) matching method that refines the search region for correct matches, leading to high accurate correspondences. In summary, our algorithm offers a comprehensive solution for image registration that improving both the number of correctly matched key-points and the overall registration accuracy, and is applicable to any complex scenario. © The Institution of Engineering & technology 2024.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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An ultrastable metrology laser for traceable length metrology in nanopositioning machines – Towards a 10−12 uncertainty level

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measurement: sensors 2025年 38卷

作者： Blumröder, Ulrike Köchert, Paul Fröhlich, Thomas Ortlepp, Ingo Kissinger, Thomas Manske, Eberhard Technische Universität Ilmenau Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Ilmenau Germany Precision Engineering Division Braunschweig Germany

In this contribution we propose the incorporation of a diode laser stabilized to an ultrastable cavity (ORS) as a metrology laser within the interferometric length measurement system of a nanopositioning and -measuring machine with a lateral measurement range of 200 mm. Based on a frequency instability analysis of the ORS against a GPS-referenced frequency comb we observed a frequency drift of 6.2 kHz(Δf/f = 1.3∙10−11) during the course of one day and peak-to-peak variations below 81 kHz (Δf/f = 1.7∙10−10) over observation times up to ten days. Within daily operation of the NPMM-200, the influence of cavity-related frequency changes practically falling below the current digital resolution limit of the interferometric measurement system (2.86∙10−11) and can therefore be neglected, if a sufficient predetermination of the absolute frequency using an optical frequency comb has been applied. To guarantee an absolute tracking of the laser frequency within a non-stop service operation of the ORS at an uncertainty level of 1∙10−12, a suitable correction for the long-term frequency changes of the cavity with the help of the frequency comb has to be established. © 2024

关键词： Frequency stability

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Direct Comparison of the Strain measurement Performance of Fibre Bragg Gratings and Fibre Segment Interferometry 28

Direct Comparison of the Strain Measurement Performance of F...

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28th International Conference on Optical Fiber sensors, OFS 2023

作者： Barrington, James H. Kissinger, Thomas James, Stephen W. Tatam, Ralph P. Centre for Engineering Photonics Cranfield University CranfieldMK43 0AL United Kingdom Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technical University of Ilmenau PF 100565 Ilmenau98694 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171302

The strain sensing performance of an optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG), demodulated using a state-of-the-art commercial interrogator, is compared directly with that of a fibre segment interferometer (FSI) of near equivalent gauge length. It is shown that the FSI segment displayed a 5 fold improvement in noise, 1 nΕ/√Hz for a bandwidth of 1 kHz, compared to 5 nΕ/√Hz at 1 kHz to that of the FBG. Furthermore, by exploiting a longer gauge length, it was also demonstrated that this could further reduce noise levels. © Optica Publishing Group 2023, © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Vulnerabilities and Challenges in the Development of PUF-Based Authentication Protocols on FPGAs: A Brief Review 7

Vulnerabilities and Challenges in the Development of PUF-Bas...

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7th IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing, DSC 2024

作者： Yavuz, Sinan Naroska, Edwin Daniel, Kai University of Siegen Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Siegen Germany Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Krefeld Germany Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology University of Applied Sciences Ruhr West Mülheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540289

The security of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and the protection of sensitive information processed by these devices such as personal data, sensor values, process-related information is an important and difficult challenge. A major task in IoT communication is secure identification of devices. Unfortunately, traditional cryptographic methods are often not suitable for IoT devices due to their limited hardware resources. However, typical methods are computationally intensive, require a large amount of memory, and have a high-power consumption. On the other hand, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are low-cost and lightweight hardware-based primitives that can be used as a security component to protect data against third parties and thus increase security of a device. In this paper, the challenges and vulnerabilities in the development of PUF-based authentication protocols are presented. To this end, a security analysis of different approaches known from literature are discussed. Furthermore, possible attack vectors and prevention techniques are also considered. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessing Position Accuracy of Edge-Emitting Lasers to Photonic Integrated Circuits

Towards an Enhanced Metrology Analysis Procedure for Assessi...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： Jakob Wilhelm Hinum-Wagner Jochen Kraft Victor Sidorov Samuel Hoermann Gandolf Feigl Alexander Bergmann Ams Osram Group Premstaetten Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350361957

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361964

Advanced photonic integrated systems require precise light source coupling, especially with edge-emitting lasers. This paper discusses how passive 2D alignment achieves below-micron accuracy. It introduces a metrology procedure for consistent analysis of the positioning process in manufacturing, ensuring optimal performance and reliable failure analysis.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Micrometers Accuracy Lasers Photonic integrated circuits Metrology Assembly Surface treatment Standards Photonics

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Influences on the propagation of light beams by the near surface layer of atmosphere and the correction methods 6

Influences on the propagation of light beams by the near sur...

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6th Conference on Frontiers in Optical Imaging and technology: Imaging Detection and Target Recognition

作者： Yunqiang, Lai Shangmin, Lin Hu, Wang Xuan, Zhang Yu, Jin Wenlong, He Yaoke, Xue Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an710119 China Beijing101408 China Xi’an Space Sensor Optical Technology Engineering Research Center Xi'an710119 China Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an710119 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510679733

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679726

With the increasingly widespread and important application of optics in modern human life and production, research on the propagation characteristics and correction methods of light beams in the atmosphere near the ground surface is becoming increasingly important. The complex atmospheric environment near the ground can affect the propagation of light beams, causing effects such as energy attenuation, beam expansion, beam drift, intensity flicker, phase fluctuations, etc., reducing the quality of beam propagation and affecting the performance of optical applications in various fields. A review was conducted on the impact of near-Earth atmosphere on beam propagation and its correction methods, mainly elaborating on the effects of atmospheric absorption, scattering, and turbulence on beam propagation. Correction methods such as adaptive optics, large aperture receiving, spatial diversity, partially coherent light propagation, and image processing are proposed. © 2024 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical data processing

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Inverse Problem Approach for Estimating Operating Conditions and Uncertainty Quantification in Actual Forced Convection System

Inverse Problem Approach for Estimating Operating Conditions...

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2024 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP 2024

作者： Kim, Haeseong Cetiner, Sacit Bucci, Matteo Nuclear Science and Technology Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States INL MIT Center for Reactor Instrumentation and Sensor Physics MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory CambridgeMA United States Measurement Sciences Laboratory Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallID United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487996

In this work, we apply the inverse problem method to infer operating conditions and simultaneously quantify uncertainties in steady-state turbulent forced convection systems. This approach dealt with reduced variable dimensions using prior knowledge of the system to avoid underdetermined problems. The methodology encompasses modeling the heat transfer system with the energy equation, employing Newton's method to solve the inverse problem, and quantifying total uncertainties arising from various sources. Significantly, this study extends the inverse heat transfer problem's scope to the actual thermal-fluid problem, overcoming the challenge of minimal sensor usage while ensuring the accuracy of estimation. This work not only demonstrates the application of inverse problem-solving in thermal-fluid systems but also contributes to the further development of sparse sensing methods. The results of this study enhance thermal system monitoring and control efficiency with broader industrial and environmental applications. They also lay the groundwork for advanced sparse sensing and inverse problem-solving, transforming thermal system analysis and optimization methods. © ICAPP *** rights reserved.

关键词： Forced convection

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Simulation of a temperature-compensated palladium-based fiber optic hydrogen sensor and comparison with measurements

Simulation of a temperature-compensated palladium-based fibe...

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2023 European Workshop on Optical Fibre sensors, EWOFS 2023

作者： Buchfellner, Fabian Bian, Qiang Röhrl, Alexander Zhang, Fan Hu, Wenbin Yang, Minghong Koch, Alexander W. Roths, Johannes Photonics Lab Munich University of Applied Sciences Munich80335 Germany Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University Munich Munich80333 Germany National Engineering Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510665002

A temperature-compensated sensor architecture for a fiber optic hydrogen sensor consisting of a partly palladium-coated pi-shifted fiber Bragg grating was modeled and compared with measurements. The transfer matrix formalism was used to calculate the spectral line shape of the pi-shifted FBG with a hydrogen-induced, non-homogeneous strain distribution along the grating axis. The temperature response of the grating itself can be compensated by referencing the notch to the flank wavelength. In addition, the hydrogen solubility in Pd shows a non-linear temperature dependence that was also included in the sensor performance calculations. For the investigated H2 concentration range of 200 ppm to 20000 ppm and between 15 °C and 40 °C, measurement data fit well to the simulation above 3000 ppm but become diffuse below, indicating deviations from the expected dependence according to Sieverts’ square root law. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Data-driven insight into propagation and bend losses in silicon nitride waveguides using classification and regression trees and design of experiments

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Optical Materials Express 2025年第6期15卷 1278-1293页

作者： Jakob Wilhelm Hinum-Wagner Peter Scheibelhofer Samuel Marko Hörmann Christoph Schmidt Golf Feigl Jochen Kraft Alexer Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 8010 Graz Austria ams OSRAM Group Tobelbaderstraße 30 8141 Premstaetten Austria

Photonic integrated circuits play a pivotal role in high-speed telecommunications and sensing, yet minimizing optical losses in scalable fabrication remains a persistent challenge. This study focuses on silicon nitride waveguides and applies a full-factorial design of experiments combined with regression trees to identify the layer-specific origins of propagation and bend excess losses. Regression tree modeling revealed that waveguide width is the dominant predictor of propagation loss, followed by material composition—particularly the upper cladding at lower widths and the waveguide core material at higher widths—highlighting the confinement-dependent interplay of scattering and absorption. Bend excess loss analysis indicated a shift in dominant predictors from bend radius and width to waveguide material at smaller radii. Although these dependencies have been previously established through physical modeling and experimental studies, most prior work covers smaller datasets or relies on idealized fabrication assumptions. The results of this work establish a statistically grounded and interpretable framework for waveguide loss analysis and underscore classification and regression trees’ utility in photonic process optimization. Our approach complements existing physical frameworks by providing a statistically grounded, data-driven method to optimize SiN photonic platforms, offering predictive insight into complex layer—geometry interactions and fabrication-induced variations that are difficult to model physically. By enabling predictive insight into layer—geometry interactions, this approach paves the way for more robust photonic integrated-circuit design in sensing and next-generation optical *** by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License . Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

关键词： Bend loss Integrated photonics Optical signals Optical systems Silicon nitride Waveguide cores

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