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Energy recovery from syngas and pyrolysis wastewaters with anaerobic mixed cultures

Bioresources and Bioprocessing 2024年第1期11卷 1011-1025页

作者： Alberto Robazza Anke Neumann Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences 2:Electro Biotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKIT76131 KarlsruheGermany

The anaerobic digestion of aqueous condensate from fast pyrolysis is a promising technology for enhancing carbon and energy recovery from ***,another pyrolysis product,could be integrated as a co-substrate to improve process ***,limited knowledge exists on the co-fermentation of pyrolysis syngas and aqueous condensate by anaerobic cultures and the effects of substrate *** work investigates the ability of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic mixed cultures to co-ferment syngas and the aqueous condensate from either sewage sludge or polyethylene plastics pyrolysis in semi-batch bottle *** identifies inhibitory concentrations for carboxydotrophic and methanogenic reactions,examines specific component removal and assesses energy recovery *** results show successful co-fermentation of syngas and aqueous condensate components like phenols and ***,the characteristics and load of the aqueous condensates affected process performance and product *** toxicity,likely resulting from the synergistic effect of multiple toxicants,depended on the PACs’*** 37°C,concentrations of 15.6 gCOD/gVSS and 7.8 gCOD/gVSS of sewage sludge-derived aqueous condensate inhibited by 50%carboxydotrophic and methanogenic activity,*** 55°C,loads between 3.9 and 6.8 gCOD/gVSS inhibited by 50%both *** plastics condensate showed higher toxicity,with 2.8 gCOD/gVSS and 0.3 gCOD/gVSS at 37°C decreasing carboxydotrophic and methanogenic rates by 50%.At 55°C,0.3 gCOD/gVSS inhibited by 50%CO uptake rates and *** PAC loads reduced methane production and promoted short-chain carboxylates *** recalcitrant components in sewage sludge condensate hindered e-mol recovery,while plastics condensate showed high e-mol recoveries despite the stronger *** with challenges posed by substrate toxicity and composition variations,the successful conversion of sy

关键词： Pyrolysis wastewater Phenolics Nitrogen heterocycles Open cultures Volatile fatty acids Sewage sludge Polyethylene Energy recovery Carbon capture

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Flexible Co-Simulation Approach for Model Adaption in Digital Twins of Power-to-X Platforms 29

Flexible Co-Simulation Approach for Model Adaption in Digita...

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29th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2024

作者： Dittler, Daniel Stauss, David Rentschler, Philipp Stümpfle, Johannes Jazdi, Nasser Weyrich, Michael Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Micro Process Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361230

A Digital Twin of a production plant comprises a variety of simulation models. When these models are coupled for co-simulation, they can reflect the behavior of the entire production plant and be used in various application scenarios. To leverage the benefits of the Digital Twin and simulation during the operational phase, manual efforts in model adaption must be automated. This contribution presents a flexible co-simulation approach that enables automated selection of simulation tool interfaces, parameterization, and execution of different model configurations. Finally, application scenarios in the context of Power-to-X production are discussed, and the current implementation of the approach is presented. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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A discrete contact model for complex arbitrary-shaped convex geometries

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 180-191页

作者： Jan E.Marquardt Ulrich J.Römer Hermann Nirschl Mathias J.Krause Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyStraße am Forum 8Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyStraße am Forum 8Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute of Engineering Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKaiserstraße 10Karlsruhe76131Germany Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEnglerstraße 2Karlsruhe76131Germany

The shape of particles has a significant influence on the behavior of suspensions,as the particle-fluid,particle-particle,and particle-wall interactions depend on ***,the simultaneous consideration of complex particle shapes and four-way coupling remains a major *** is mainly due to a lack of suitable contact *** models for complex shapes have been proposed in literature,and most limit the accuracy of the particle-fluid *** this reason,this paper presents a novel contact model for complex convex particle shapes for use with partially saturated methods,in which we propose to obtain necessary contact properties,such as the indentation depth,by a discretization of the contact *** goal of the proposed model is to enable comprehensive and accurate studies of particulate flows,especially with high volume fractions,that lead to new insights and contribute to the improvement of existing industrial *** ensure correctness and sustainability,we validate the model extensively by studying cases with and without *** the latter case,we use the homogenized lattice Boltzmann *** provided investigations show a great agreement of the proposed discrete contact model with analytical solutions and the literature.

关键词： Partially saturated cells method Homogenized lattice Boltzmann method Arbitrarily shaped particle Discrete contact model Particle-resolved simulation OpenLB

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Stirring the hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)process

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Bioresources and Bioprocessing 2024年第1期11卷 1269-1287页

作者： Nebyat Seid Lea Wießner Habibu Aliyu Anke Neumann Electrobiotechnology Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science 2Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76131 KarlsruheGermany School of Chemical and Bio Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of TechnologyAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.B:1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Institute for Biological Interfaces 5 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76344 KarlsruheGermany

Enset fiber is a promising feedstock for biofuel production with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy *** study aimed to maximize hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)process in bottles as well as in *** SSF process in bottles resulted in a higher butanol concentration of 11.36 g/L with a yield of 0.23 g/g and a productivity of 0.16 g/(L h)at the optimal process parameters of 5%(w/v)substrate loading,16 FPU/g cellulase loading,and 100 rpm agitation speed from pretreated Enset ***,a comparable result to the bottle experiment was observed in the bioreactor with pH-uncontrolled SSF process,although with a decreased in butanol productivity to 0.095 g/(L h).However,using the pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(PSSF)process in the bioreactor with a 7%(w/v)substrate loading led to the highest butanol concentration of 12.84 g/L with a productivity of 0.104 g/(L h).Furthermore,optimizing the SSF process parameters to favor hydrogen resulted in an increased hydrogen yield of 198.27 mL/g-Enset fiber at atmospheric pressure,an initial pH of 8.0,and 37°*** general,stirring the SSF process to shift the product ratio to either hydrogen or butanol was possible by adjusting temperature and *** 37°C and atmospheric pressure,the process resulted in an e-mol yield of 12%for hydrogen and 38%for ***,at 30°C and 0.55 bar overpressure,the process achieved a yield of 6%e-mol of hydrogen and 48%e-mol of *** is the first study to produce hydrogen and butanol from Enset fiber using the SSF process and contributes to the development of a circular bioeconomy.

关键词： Hydrogen Butanol Enset fiber C.saccharoperbutylacetonicum SSF PSSF

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Light-harvesting properties of photocatalyst supports-no photon left behind

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 703-713页

作者： Athanasios A.Tountas Anselm Dreher Wenjie Zhou Abhinav Mohan Nazir P.Kherani Geoffrey A.Ozin Mohini M.Sain University of Toronto Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryTorontoONCanada Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering(IMVT)KarlsruheGermany California Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical and Civil EngineeringPasadenaCA91106USA University of Toronto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering TorontoTorontoONCanada University of Toronto Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTorontoONCanada University of Toronto Department of ChemistryTorontoONCanada

In this work,we set out to elucidate the light-harvesting properties of various random and ordered photocatalyst supports(PSs)with different macropore *** accomplish this,we propose two studies of increasing relevance,enabled by computed tomography(CT)reconstructions and raytracing COMSOL Multiphysics simulations:(a)a 360-degree light release study approximating a PS situated within a compound parabolic concentrator(CPC)or cylindrical LED reactor with open ends;and(b)the same systemas before but with closed *** ordered geometry is of interest,as it can be 3D printed at scale with a tailored morphology and porosity,and it can potentially be refined using machine learning models to optimize its light-harvesting *** will be shown,the local volumetric light absorption(LVLA)data suggests that an ordered PSwith amore open pore interior and a smaller pore exterior would begin to approach the more isophotonic light-harvesting properties of random PSs.

关键词： properties catalyst ordered

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Design and manufacturing of integrated fluidic channels in glass parts by vat-photopolymerization additive manufacturing 34

Design and manufacturing of integrated fluidic channels in g...

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34th CIRP Design Conference, CIRP 2024

作者： Liu, Sijia Klahn, Christoph Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMVT Institute for Micro Process Engineering Hermann-von-Helmholz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology MVM Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Geb. 30.70 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

Accurate manufacturing of integrated small-scale fluidic channels in glass structure is of great importance for chemical flow reactors. Vat-photopolymerization of fused silica glass is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate such structures. It enables the fabrication of glass in a layer-by-layer manner, employing photocurable resin with glass particle fillers, followed by a subsequent thermal treatment to create transparent, fully dense parts. Due to the presence of solid particles, the dimensional accuracy of parts produced by this process is reduced by light scattering. This particularly affects the feasibility and accuracy of small channels, which limits their application as integrated fluidic channel in flow reactors although fused silica glass has excellent chemical and thermal stability. Appropriate printing conditions and rational design play a vital role in ensuring the accuracy of fluidic channels. In accordance with the principle of progressive complexity, this article presents a method to design and manufacture integrated small-scale fluidic channels in glass structures. The case study representing a complex fluidic channel demonstrates the implementation of manufacture and design parameters in a typical flow reactor unit. This work has great implications for designing integrated fluidic channels using particle filler-based vat-photopolymerization additive manufacturing process. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Fused silica

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Design for Additive Manufacturing Education of process engineering Students on an Industrial Challenge 34

Design for Additive Manufacturing Education of Process Engin...

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34th CIRP Design Conference, CIRP 2024

作者： Kaya, Mertcan Klahn, Christoph Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMVT Institute for Micro Process Engineering Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology MVM Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Geb. 30.70 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

As the use of additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing in many sectors, the need of design education for AM has gained importance. Solving the challenges of an application with the advantages of AM requires competencies in selecting a suitable AM process, identifying design opportunities and designing for AM based on an extensive knowledge in the application domain. Hence, it is necessary for all branches engineering to develop AM skills and competencies. This paper describes a lecture and practical to develop AM design competencies in chemical process engineering master students. The course teaches designing complex AM parts based on the need of an application by combining the opportunistic and restrictive aspects AM design with the domain-specific functional requirements. The design education benefits from AM's advantages in rapid prototyping to provide feedback within the time frame of a course. In order to fulfill the above requirements, an application-oriented design course from requirements to testing, involving a simplified real industrial design problem, has been prepared. Students obtain design requirements at the beginning of the practical and have to develop a device using the advantages of AM. After completing CAD design, the designs of the students are produced with the laser based powder-bed fusion of metal (PBF-LB/M) and bath-based photopolymerisation of polymers, curing using ultraviolet light (VPP-UVL/P) methods. The manufactured designs are tested on the test bench provided by the institute. A case study of a hybrid manufactured reactor with internal condensation supports the conclusion of this paper. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Enabling Tunability of a MEMS Sensor with a Geometric Nonlinearity 7

Enabling Tunability of a MEMS Sensor with a Geometric Nonlin...

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7th IFAC Conference on Analysis and Control of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, ACNDC 2024

作者： Rolf, Hermann Folke Johann Meurer, Thomas Digital Process Engineering Group Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hertzstr. 16 KarlsruheD-76187 Germany

The properties of a thermally actuated MEMS sensor with a geometric nonlinearity are investigated. This MEMS sensor is a potential candidate to construct a neuromorphic acoustic sensor to mimic the functionality of the cochlea by controlling an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation with the thermal actuator. The resonance frequency of this sensor becomes tunable by introducing a geometric nonlinearity. With this nonlinearity the frequency response of the neuromorphic acoustic sensor is controllable by assigning a DC-voltage. Moreover, the effects of harmonic excitation on the MEMS sensors are analyzed. Here, the critical points of saddle-node bifurcations are approximated and the movement of the frequency with respect to a harmonic excitation is discussed. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Hopf bifurcation

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Sequential parameter optimization for algorithm-based design generation using data from multiphysics simulations 33

Sequential parameter optimization for algorithm-based design...

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33rd CIRP Design Conference

The implementation of algorithmic modelling in CAD technologies is an opportunity to reduce manual design work in repetitive design tasks. This increases the importance of design automation and digital workflows. This technology can process the results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) automatically and can optimize designed geometries sequentially. Nevertheless, this design process often sets high computational requirements. The aim of this paper is to present a design automation workflow that reduces the computational time of a design process. The computational resource requirements of the system are reduced by using knowledge-based engineering techniques to obtain information from previous successful designs, decomposing the design into sub-parts according to their functions and optimizing each sub-part individually. Furthermore, through algorithmic modelling, the different input geometries required for the physical description of each simulation are made separately. This allows different design simplifications to be made for each simulation domain. Once the output of the simulations is obtained, the design is evaluated in CAD to optimize the geometry. After each sub-part has been optimized, the sub-parts are composed to obtain the final design. The case study of a reactor for methanol synthesis supports the results of this paper. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

关键词： Geometry

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Multidisciplinary Design Analysis for Wash-Coating of Additively Manufactured Metallic Monoliths

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Procedia CIRP 2024年 128卷 478-483页

作者： Fatemeh Mehdipour Christoph Klahn Roland Dittmeyer Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Germany

For the sake of environmental reasons, additive manufacturing of catalytic converters has been an attractive topic in both computational research and product development fields within the last few years. With respect to structured catalysts, monolithic designs manage convenient characteristics by providing a large surface area for catalytic reactions within a defined volume. Because of manufacturing limitations, conventional metallic monolithic geometries were limited to sinusoidal channels. Accumulation of the catalyst and washcoat in the corners of sinusoidal channels have negative influences on the washcoat geometry and mass-transfer. These reasons together with high manufacturing costs had limiting effects on expanding applications of metallic monoliths. With the emergence of rapid prototyping technologies, complex unity structures of metallic monoliths can be printed at once. Although flexibility in design and ease in fabrication both are satisfied with additive manufacturing, still operational conditions and reaction requirements must be met for approval of any prototypes. This research uses a multidisciplinary approach to study monolithic designs suitable for a specific reactor size. Besides, these designs must be 3D-printable and suitable for washcoating. Considering design challenges and innovations in additive manufacturing of metals, relationships between mathematics, structural integrity, coating and material aspects are considered for analyzing the multi-channel monoliths.

关键词： Additive Manufacturing Multi-channel Monoliths Design Challenges Innovations

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