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A digital urban twin enabling interactive pollution predictions and enhanced planning

Building and Environment 2025年 281卷

作者： Teutscher, Dennis Bukreev, Fedor Kummerländer, Adrian Simonis, Stephan Bächler, Peter Rezaee, Ashkan Hermansdorfer, Mariusz Krause, Mathias J. Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Straße am Forum 8 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Henning Larsen Vesterbrogade 76 Hovedstaden Copenhagen1620 Denmark

Digital twin (DT) technology is increasingly used in urban planning, leveraging real-time data integration for environmental monitoring. This paper presents an urban-focused DT that combines computational fluid dynamics simulations with live meteorological data to analyze pollution dispersion. Addressing the health impacts of pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, the DT provides real-time updates on air quality, wind speed, and direction. Using OpenStreetMap's XML-based data, the model distinguishes between porous elements like trees and solid structures, enhancing urban flow analysis. The framework employs the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) within the open-source software OpenLB to simulate pollution transport. Nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations are estimated based on traffic and building emissions, enabling hot-spot identification. The DT was used from November 7 to 23, 2024, with hourly updates, capturing pollution trends influenced by wind patterns. Results show that alternating east–west winds during this period create a dynamic pollution distribution, identifying critical residential exposure areas. This work contributes a novel DT framework that integrates real-time meteorological data, OpenStreetMap-based geometry, and high-fidelity LBM simulations for urban wind and pollution modeling. Unlike existing DTs, which focus on structural monitoring or large-scale environmental factors, this approach enables fine-grained, dynamic analyses of urban airflow and pollution dispersion. By allowing interactive modifications to urban geometry and continuous data updates, the DT serves as a powerful tool for adaptive urban planning, supporting evidence-based policy making to improve air quality and public health. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Air quality

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A Digital Urban Twin Enabling Interactive Pollution Predictions and Enhanced Planning

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Teutscher, Dennis Bukreev, Fedor Kummerländer, Adrian Simonis, Stephan Bächler, Peter Rezaee, Ashkan Hermansdorfer, Mariusz Krause, Mathias J. Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Karlsruhe Baden-Württemberg76131 Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Straße am Forum 8 Karlsruhe Baden-Württemberg76131 Germany Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Karlsruhe Baden-Württemberg76131 Germany Henning Larsen Vesterbrogade 76 Copenhagen Hovedstaden1620 Denmark

Digital twin (DT) technology is increasingly used in urban planning, leveraging real-time data integration for environmental monitoring. This paper presents an urban-focused DT that combines computational fluid dynamics simulations with live meteorological data to analyze pollution dispersion. Addressing the health impacts of pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, the DT provides real-time updates on air quality, wind speed, and *** OpenStreetMap’s XML-based data, the model distinguishes between porous elements like trees and solid structures, enhancing urban flow analysis. The framework employs the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) within the open-source software OpenLB to simulate pollution transport. Nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations are estimated based on traffic and building emissions, enabling hot-spot *** DT was used from November 7 to 23, 2024, with hourly updates, capturing pollution trends influenced by wind patterns. Results show that alternating east-west winds during this period create a dynamic pollution distribution, identifying critical residential exposure *** work contributes a novel DT framework that integrates real-time meteorological data, OpenStreetMap-based geometry, and high-fidelity LBM simulations for urban wind and pollution modeling. Unlike existing DTs, which focus on structural monitoring or large-scale environmental factors, this approach enables fine-grained, dynamic analyses of urban airflow and pollution dispersion. By allowing interactive modifications to urban geometry and continuous data updates, the DT serves as a powerful tool for adaptive urban planning, supporting evidence-based policy making to improve air quality and public health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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A review on emulsification via microfluidic processes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2020年第3期14卷 350-364页

作者： Yichen Liu Yongli Li Andreas Hensel Juergen JBrandner Kai Zhang Xiaoze Du Yongping Yang Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment(Ministry of Education) North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute for Micro Process Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany

Emulsion is a disperse system with two immiscible liquids,which demonstrates wide applications in diverse *** technology has advanced well with the development of microfluidic *** to conventional methods,the micro-fluidics-based process can produce controllable droplet size and *** droplet formation or breakup is the result of combined effects resulting from interfacial tension,viscous,and inertial forces as well as the forces generated due to hydrodynamic pressure and extermal *** the current study,typical microfluidic systems,including microchannel array,T-shape,flow-focusing,co-flowing,and membrane systems,are reviewed and the corresponding mechanisms,fow regimes,and main parameters are compared and summarized.

关键词： microfluidics emulsification capillary num-ber droplet breakup

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Enhancing Force Sensing Capabilities in Exoskeleton Interfaces Using Compliant Actuator-Sensor Units - A User Study

Enhancing Force Sensing Capabilities in Exoskeleton Interfac...

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： Hosam Alagi Nikola Fischer Kai Behrends Iris Ftirst-Walter Jürgen Becker Michael Beigl Franziska Mathis-Ullrich Björn Hein Intelligent Process Automation and Robotics Laboratory (IPR) Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Telematics (TM) - Pervasive Computing Systems (TECO) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Institut fuer Technik der Informationsverarbeitung (ITIV) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE) Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350386523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386530

Reliable interaction force sensing between an exoskeleton and the human body is crucial for personalized support and efficient control. Poor donning and disturbances during movement lead to lower force measurement quality and thus to unfavorable use. In this work, we present an active smart human-robot interface by utilizing compliant actuator-sensor units (CASUs) that can be worn over clothing. These units combine capacitive force sensing and actuation using Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) to actively compensate disturbances and improve force measurement by tightening the interface and reestablishing optimal contact. We present a pilot user study with five subjects, investigating the performance of an exoskele-ton interface featuring three integrated CASUs to compensate for non-ideal donning configurations and displacements during daily activities of walking, sitting down, and climbing the stairs. The results for a passive interface show a decrease in holding forces and force signal quality during activities. Our active interface, on the other hand, effectively compensates for disturbances, restoring high signal quality by the mean of peak-to-peak value up to 300% which leads to more distinct signals.

关键词： Legged locomotion Force measurement Cooling Force Exoskeletons Metals Stairs Robot sensing systems Sensors Reliability

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First prototype of a positioning device with subatomic resolution 22

First prototype of a positioning device with subatomic resol...

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22nd International Conference of the European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2022

作者： Hebenstreit, Roman Wedrich, Karin Strehle, Steffen Manske, Eberhard Theska, René Technische Universität Ilmenau Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Design and Precision Engineering Precision Engineering Group Germany Technische Universität Ilmenau Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies Microsystems Technology Group Germany Technische Universität Ilmenau Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781998999118

In the forthgoing work on a device that enables subatomic resolved highly reproducible positioning, a first prototype is here presented. The entire positioning system including the actuator, sensor and guiding mechanism, is realized as a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) on chip level, based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. A modular printed circuit board acts as the mechanical as well as the electrical contacting interface for the silicon chip. First variants of a linear positioning system comprising axisymmetric double parallel crank structure are investigated. Pivot joints as flexure hinges with concentrated compliance are deployed. These hinges show minimal rotational axis displacement for small angles of deflection, thus ensuring smallest deviations to a straight-line path of the linear guiding mechanism. An electrostatic comb actuator transmits forces contactless to minimize over constraints. A measuring bridge in differential mode utilizes the same comb structures to measure the table position based on the capacitance change. Estimating the position resolution, limited by the resolution of the capacitive sensor, a measurable step width below 50 pm can be expected. In further steps, the device will be a platform to be equipped with a lattice-scale-based position measurement system according to achieve an even higher resolution and reproducibility. © European Society for Precision engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 22nd International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Capacitive sensors

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Effects of conductive particle networks on the effective thermal conductivity of a thermal interface material

Effects of conductive particle networks on the effective the...

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International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC)

作者： J. L. Mayer A. Griesinger N. Willenbacher Department of Mechanical Engineering Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW) Stuttgart Germany Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper ways to numerically calculate the effective thermal conductivity of TIM will be reviewed and the effect of spatial particle arrangement (uniform statistical distribution vs. random distributed, fractal p...

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Spin transport of half-metal Mn_(2)X_(3) with high Curie temperature:An ideal giant magnetoresistance device from electrical and thermal drives

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 125-135页

作者： Bin Liu Xiaolin Zhang Jingxian Xiong Xiuyang Pang Sheng Liu Zixin Yang Qiang Yu Honggen Li Sicong Zhu Jian Wu Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and MetallurgyCollaborative Innovation Center for Advanced SteelsInternational Research Institute for Steel TechnologyWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physical and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Nanhu Laser LaboratoryNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore i-Lab&Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications&Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and NanoBionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China Institute of Optical Science and Technology School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Currently,magnetic storage devices are encountering the problem of achieving lightweight and high integration in mobile computing devices during the information *** a result,there is a growing urgency for twodimensional half-metallic materials with a high Curie temperature(TC).This study presents a theoretical investigation of the fundamental electromagnetic properties of the monolayer hexagonal lattice of Mn_(2)X_(3)(X=S,Se,Te).Additionally,the potential application of Mn_(2)X_(3) as magneto-resistive components is *** three of them fall into the category of ferromagnetic *** particular,the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the TC of Mn2S3 reachs 381 K,noticeably greater than room *** findings present notable advantages for the application of Mn2S3 in spintronic ***,a prominent spin filtering effect is apparent when employing non-equilibrium Green’s function simulations to examine the transport *** resulting current magnitude is approximately 2×10^(4) nA,while the peak gigantic magnetoresistance exhibits a substantial value of 8.36×10^(16)%.It is noteworthy that the device demonstrates a substantial spin Seebeck effect when the temperature differential between the electrodes is *** brief,Mn_(2)X_(3) exhibits outstanding features as a highTC half-metal,exhibiting exceptional capabilities in electrical and thermal drives spin ***,it holds great potential for usage in spintronics applications.

关键词： half-metals Mn_(2)X_(3) high Curie temperature electrical and thermal GMR

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2D Sheet Temperature Estimation for Multi-Stage Press Hardening in a Progressive Die ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2025年第1期59卷 133-138页

作者： Henry Baumann Jakob Nazarenus Juri Martschin Erman Tekkaya Thomas Meurer Digital Process Engineering Group MVM Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hertzstr. 16 76187 Karlsruhe Germany Multimedia Information Processing Group Kiel University Hermann-Rodewald Straße 3 24118 Kiel Germany Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Components TU Dortmund University Baroper Str. 303 44227 Dortmund Germany

During a multi-stage press hardening process, where a metal sheet undergoes rapid austenitization, tempering, and forming, the spatial-temporal temperature development is a driving factor and its control enables it to reach desired product properties. A two-dimensional model extension is proposed, which enables a precise and computationally efficient temperature modeling along the whole metal sheet. Thereupon, a Kalman filter with a time-varying stage dependent output matrix is used to estimate the spatial-temporal temperature development of the sheet based on measurements from a thermal imaging camera. Both the proposed modeling approach and the estimation scheme are validated experimentally.

关键词： Metal forming temperature modeling temperature estimation Kalman filter

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Predicting Filter Medium Performances in Chamber Filter Presses with Digital Twins Using Neural Network Technologies

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Teutscher, Dennis Weber-Carstanjen, Tyll Simonis, Stephan Krause, Mathias J. Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Straße am Forum 8 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 2 Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe76131 Germany Simex Filterpressen GmbH & Co. KG Leibnizstr. 1 Baden-Württemberg Calw75365 Germany

Efficient solid-liquid separation is crucial in industries like mining, but traditional chamber filter presses depend heavily on manual monitoring, leading to inefficiencies, downtime, and resource wastage. This paper introduces a machine learning-powered digital twin framework to improve operational flexibility and predictive control. A key challenge addressed is the degradation of the filter medium due to repeated cycles and clogging, which reduces filtration efficiency. To solve this, a neural network-based predictive model was developed to forecast operational parameters, such as pressure and flow rates, under various conditions. This predictive capability allows for optimized filtration cycles, reduced downtime, and improved process efficiency. Additionally, the model predicts the filter medium’s lifespan, aiding in maintenance planning and resource sustainability. The digital twin framework enables seamless data exchange between filter press sensors and the predictive model, ensuring continuous updates to the training data and enhancing accuracy over time. Two neural network architectures, feedforward and recurrent, were evaluated. The recurrent neural network outperformed the feedforward model, demonstrating superior generalization. It achieved a relative L2-norm error of 5% for pressure and 9.3% for flow rate prediction on partially known data. For completely unknown data, the relative errors were 18.4% and 15.4%, respectively. Qualitative analysis showed strong alignment between predicted and measured data, with deviations within a confidence band of 8.2% for pressure and 4.8% for flow rate predictions. This work contributes an accurate predictive model, a new approach to predicting filter medium cycle impacts, and a real-time interface for model updates, ensuring adaptability to changing operational conditions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Presses (machine tools)

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Input-to-State Stability of Nonlinear Impulsive Systems with Hybrid Impulses

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第17期58卷 184-189页

作者： Rakesh Kumar Petro Feketa Thomas Meurer Digital Process Engineering Group (MVM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hertzstraße 16 Karlsruhe 76187 Baden-Wuerttemberg Germany School of Mathematics and Statistics Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand

This note investigates input-to-state stability (ISS) of nonlinear impulsive systems with hybrid impulses. Such systems contain a time-dependent jump map that can generate both stabilizing and destabilizing impulsive jumps. To cope with the two-fold effect of impulses within a single impulse time sequence, we use the concept of average impulsive gain. We provide novel sufficient conditions for ISS in terms of exponential ISS-Lyapunov function equipped with average impulsive gain and appropriate dwell-time condition. Contrary to the existing results we do not impose severe restrictions on impulsive gains, like periodicity or a finite number of different gains. Finally, we demonstrate effectiveness of our results by concluding ISS for a system whose ISS property cannot be verified by any other result available in the literature.

关键词： Impulsive system input-to-state stability Lyapunov function dwell-time condition hybrid impulses

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