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A Comparison of Physics- and Data-based Modeling of Rural Drainage Systems ⁎

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第2期58卷 25-30页

作者： Henry Baumann Alexander Schaum Nanna Høegh Ravn Thomas Meurer Lina Nybo Jensen Digital Process Engineering Group MVM Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hertzstr. 16 76187 Karlsruhe Germany Department for Process Analytics Computational Science Hub University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 23 70599 Stuttgart Germany LNH water Aps Kathøjvej 3 3080 Tikøb Denmark

Rural drainage systems are often large and complex systems, which are difficult to model. In this work, a physical model based on the hydrology and hydraulic laws and a data-driven modeling approach with an ARX structure are created for the rural drainage system in Eiderstedt, Germany. Thereupon, the prediction accuracy for real measurement data of both models is investigated and the respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It is shown that both models are able to predict the water level quite well, with the physical and data-based model being more accurate for long- and short-term predictions, respectively.

关键词： Data-based modeling physical modeling rural drainage systems

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Avatar-Based Collaboration in XR for Pump Station Training Scenarios

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Avatar-Based Collaboration i...

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Education Conference (GeCon), IEEE German

作者： Kevin Kastner Ines Miguel-Alonso Anjela Mayer Jean-Rémy Chardonnet Andres Bustillo Jivka Ovtcharova René Eiswirth Julian Reichwald Virtual Engineering Competence Center Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany Department of Computer Engineering University of Burgos Burgos Spain Institute for Information Management in Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology LISPEN Chalon-sur-Saône France Institute for Thermal and Biological Process Engineering Mannheim University of Applied Sciences Mannheim Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350355758

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355765

Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have become increasingly accessible tools for enhancing learning and training experiences. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of avatar-based collaboration within each platform, particularly in the context of pump station training scenarios, so an application was developed: EduAvatars: Pumpstation XR. A total of four concepts were prepared: on-site AR instruction with avatar, on-site AR instruction without avatar but with manual, iVR instruction with avatar, and iVR instruction without avatar but with manual. In each concept, users are supposed to proceed with two experimental tasks: speed control and bypass control, following the same procedure: check valves and level indicators. The usability of this application was validated as a preliminary study, and the results are promising for its introduction to lectures to improve student learning. The preliminary results indicate user satisfaction with the integration of EduAvatars and a significant interest in using it frequently. However, our work also discusses identified areas for improvement.

关键词： Training Extended reality Avatars Velocity control Collaboration Manuals Valves Usability Augmented reality

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Understanding Pressure Evolution During the Thermal Abuse of Li-Ion Batteries

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Baakes, Florian Song, Roger Bernet, Thomas de León, Jorge Valenzuela García Jackson, George Adjiman, Claire S. Galindo, Amparo Krewer, Ulrike Institute for Applied Materials - Electrochemical Technologies Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Adenauerring 20b Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering Imperial College South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Understanding and controlling the evolution of pressure during thermal events of Li-ion batteries is a key aspect when assessing the safety of Li-ion batteries. In this study we evaluate the impact of solvent composition, gas solubility, and conductive salts on the pressure built up during the exposure of the Li-ion battery to high temperatures. We employ a vapour-liquid equilibrium model based on the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT)-γ Mie equation of state, extended to include an ion-pairing model to account for low degrees of salt dissociation in solvents with a low dielectric constant, such as linear carbonates. The effect of the degradation gases is accounted for by incorporating a CO2 evolving *** find that argon or nitrogen are good choices as inert gases during solvent storage and cell assembly, as they only gas out slightly during heating, i.e., they cause a negligible increase in pressure. Moreover, linear carbonates are found to be preferable over their cyclic counterparts regarding battery safety, as the higher solubility of degradation gases such as CO2 in the system will mitigate pressure evolution during a thermal event. The presence of the conductive salt is found not to substantially affect the pressure evolution. When considering open systems, however, the evaporation of low-boiling linear carbonates will lead to up to a 12% increase in salt dissociation. This should be taken into consideration when using open systems, such as online electrochemical mass spectrometry, to obtain reaction parameters. The insights into the sensitivities of the pressure evolution presented here will allow to precisely tailor the composition of an electrolyte mixture to mitigate safety-critical gas evolution during a thermal event in Li-ion batteries. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Electro-mechanical Li-Ion Cell Model considering the composite Graphite-Silicon Structure of the negative Electrode

Electro-mechanical Li-Ion Cell Model considering the composi...

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Electrical engineering and Green Energy (CEEGE), International Conference on

作者： Alexander Fill Meichen Zhan Nicolas Stapf Jessica Hemmerling Arber Avdyli Jan Petit Philipp Heugel Jens Tübke Kai Peter Birke Chair for Electrical Energy Storage Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Battery Pre-Development Mercedes-Benz Group AG Stuttgart Germany Department of Applied Electrochemistry Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology Pfinztal Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350350623

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350630

To increase the volumetric energy density modern high-energy Lithium-Ion cells consist of Graphite/Silicon ($\mathbf{G r} / \mathbf{S i}$) composite negative electrodes. Due to the high volume expansion of up to 300% caused by (de)lithiation of Si, challenges arise by the usage of $\mathbf{G r} / \mathrm{Si}$-electrodes to prevent accelerated degradation. Therefore, accurate models to predict the cell expansion and pressure are of increasing interest. To investigate the mechanical behavior, half-cell Equivalent Circuit Models (ECMs) are coupled with a solid and liquid diffusion model in this article. The current density distribution among $\mathbf{S i}$ - and Gr -particles is determined by the assumption of an ideal parallel-connected of the active materials. An electrochemical dilatometer is used to measure the electrode expansion. Based on these measurements and literature values of volume changes of the crystal structure, changes of the pore volume are estimated. For the cell expansion and force development a visco-elastic model is implemented by using a spring in serial to a Kelvin-Voigt-Model. Simulations show high agreement with experimental data and literature values regarding cell voltage and expansion.

关键词： Electrodes Green energy Solid modeling Liquids Volume measurement Predictive models Solids Silicon Integrated circuit modeling Springs

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Publisher Correction: Powder bed fusion of solid and permeable Crofer 22 APU parts for applications in chemical process engineering

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Progress in Additive Manufacturing 2024年第5期10卷 3945-3945页

作者： Mahmoudizadeh, Masoud Klahn, Christoph Dittmeyer, Roland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM) Karlsruhe Germany

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Constructing relaxation systems for lattice Boltzmann methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Simonis, Stephan Frank, Martin Krause, Mathias J. Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Lattice Boltzmann Research Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Steinbuch Center for Computing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

We present the first top-down ansatz for constructing lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) in d dimensions. In particular, we construct a relaxation system (RS) for a given scalar, linear, d dimensional advection–diffusion equation. Subsequently, the RS is linked to a d-dimensional discrete velocity Boltzmann model (DVBM) on the zeroth and first energy shell. Algebraic characterizations of the equilibrium, the moment space, and the collision operator are carried out. Further, a closed equation form of the RS expresses the added relaxation terms as prefactored higher order derivatives of the conserved quantity. Here, a generalized (2b + 1) × (2d + 1) RS is linked to a DdQ(2d + 1) DVBM which, upon complete discretization, yields an LBM with second order accuracy in space and time. A rigorous convergence result for arbitrary scaling of the RS, the DVBM and conclusively also for the final LBM is proven. The top-down constructed LBM is numerically tested on multiple GPUs with smooth and non-smooth initial data in d = 3 dimensions for several grid-normalized non-dimensional *** Codes 65M12 Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinetic theory

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Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate from Industrial Flue Gas by microbial Electrosynthesis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Langsdorf, Alexander Schütz, Julian Philipp Ulber, Roland Stöckl, Markus Holtmann, Dirk Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen Wiesenstrasse 14 Giessen35390 Germany Institute of Bioprocess Engineering University of Kaiserslautern-Landau Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Chemical Technology DECHEMA Research Institute Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 Frankfurt am Main60486 Germany Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

The aim of this work was to produce the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from industrial flue gas as CO2 source and electrolysis originating hydrogen via microbial electrosynthesis. Besides the laboratory experiments, the experiments were carried out under industrial conditions directly on-site in a cogeneration plant. We were able to demonstrate that the use of flue gas as a CO2 source has no detectable negative effect on bacterial growth and PHB production in comparison to a pure gas mixture. In an electrochemical H-cell 333 ± 44 mg L-1 PHB were obtained, which corresponds to a PHB content of 43 ± 3% of the cell dry weight. By using flue gas for the production of the biopolymer PHB, not only CO2 emissions are reduced, but also possible environmental pollution from non-biodegradable plastics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the production of PHB from flue gas has been demonstrated using Cupriavidus necator. A new production system for various industrially relevant chemicals is possible by coupling the conversion of CO2 from flue gases with water electrolysis as the sole carbon and energy source. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flue gases

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Self-healing Fuel Cells by Biological Actuators

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 116卷 161-166页

作者： Patrizia Gartner Gisela Lanza Jens Rudat Maximilian Bilger Tom Grünert Alexander Nesterov-Mueller Nadine Zimmerer Philipp Quarz Philip Scharfer Wilhelm Schabel André P. Jung Mareen Stahlberger Stefan Bräse Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) wbk Institute of Production Science Kaiserstr.12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany KIT Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences 2: Technical Biology Kaiserstr.12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany KIT Institute of Microstructure Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany KIT Thin Film Technology Kaiserstr.12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany KIT Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

A completely novel approach aims to extend the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs) many times over through a self-healing mechanism, thus contributing to the transition to a sustainable economy and mobility. Many start-up cycles in truck or car applications lead to pinholes in the proton-conducting polymer membranes (Nafion™). Since there is no way to repair this type of defect when the fuel cell is already assembled, the performance of the fuel cell stack is continuously reduced towards the end of its lifetime. The BioHealing project, an interdisciplinary consortium at the karlsruhe institute of technology, investigates an innovative biohybrid technology that can repair occurring pinholes selectively in fuel cell membranes by a self-healing mechanism without disassembling the fuel cell stack. This is enabled by a biohybrid system, i.e., integrating biological and technical components. The filler-forming enzymes are functionally immobilised on the polymer membrane surface via a special peptide linker to enable site-directed filler production during membrane electrode assembly. For self-healing, a substrate is injected into the gas inlet of the fuel cell stack, the enzymatic reaction is catalysed, and the substrate is converted into the filler, a biological polymerised product that seals the existing pinholes. In this publication, the concept is presented with initial research results. The concept includes characterisation of surface properties and functional groups of the Nafion™ membrane, immobilisation of the specially designed fluorophilic peptide linker, selection of suitable enzymes to be screened for activity and stability, and investigation of the filler to be successfully esterified with the membrane.

关键词： Biologicalization Biohybrid technology Self-healing Repair Circular Economy PEM-FC Pinholes Enzymes Immobilisation

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Modified shear cell for characterization of the rheological behavior of particulate networks under compression

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Particuology 2020年第4期18卷 1-9页

作者： Simon Hammerich Anthony D.Stickland Benjamin Radel Marco Gleiss Hermann Nirschl Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute for Technology(KIT)Strasse am Forum 876131 KarlsruheGermany Particulate Fluids Processing Centre Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Melbourne3010Australia

Knowledge of the rheological behavior of saturated particulate networks is crucial for every process in which a particulate network is built-up,dewatered,or transported,as in a decanter ***,difficulties arise as to how to characterize the material *** far,no standardized method or measurement device has *** this work,the requirements for a useful device are discussed,followed by the design of a modified shear cell for a Schulze ring shear tester *** and its measurement *** experiments under normal load with different sediments consisting of inorganic and organic particles whose material properties strongly affect the rheological behavior were *** results demonstrate the potential of the modified shear ***,current challenges in characterization are *** characterization possibilities of the developed shear cell are a further step toward understanding the theological behavior of liquid-saturated particulate networks.

关键词： Sediment rheology Saturated particulate network Shear cell Shear compression Rheological behavior

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Improving Accuracy of Optical Sorters Using Closed-Loop Control of Material Recirculation

Improving Accuracy of Optical Sorters Using Closed-Loop Cont...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Jonathan Vieth Marcel Reith-Braun Albert Bauer Florian Pfaff Georg Maier Robin Gruna Thomas Längle Harald Kruggel-Emden Uwe D. Hanebeck Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering and Solids Processing (MVTA) Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB) Karlsruhe

Optical sorting is a key technology for the circular economy and is widely applied in the food, mineral, and recycling industries. Despite its widespread use, one typically resorts to expensive means of adjusting the accuracy, e.g., by reducing the mass flow or changing mechanical or software parameters, which typically requires manual tuning in a lengthy, iterative process. To circumvent these drawbacks, we propose a new layout for optical sorters along with a controller that allows re-feeding of controlled fractions of the sorted mass flows. To this end, we build a dynamic model of the sorter, analyze its static behavior, and show how material recirculation affects the sorting accuracy. Furthermore, we build a model predictive controller (MPC) employing the model and evaluate the closed-loop sorting system using a coupled discrete element–computational fluid dynamics (DEM–CFD) simulation, demonstrating improved accuracy.

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