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A simple and robust high-pressure cell for transmission X-ray investigation

Journal of Applied Crystallography 2025年第Pt 2期58卷 392-397页

作者： Vandenabeele, Dries Doppelhammer, Nikolaus Rosenthal, Martin Wangermez, Wauter Jakoby, Bernhard Kirschhock, Christine Breynaert, Eric KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461 Heverlee3001 Belgium NMRCoRe-NMR/X-Ray Platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461 Heverlee3001 Belgium Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200f Leuven3001 Belgium Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz4040 Austria

A simple and robust high-pressure cell designed for in situ transmission X-ray crystallization studies is presented. The performance of the cell for in situ small/wide-Angle X-ray scattering experiments and microscopy imaging is demonstrated for zeolite crystallization from highly alkaline hydrated silicate ionic liquids at 500K and 150bar N2 pressure. The simple design in combination with commercial finger-Tight connections allows for convenient sample loading of powders, liquids and gases. The cell can be used in dead-end or flow-Through mode and can be pressurized with gases or liquids via standard high-performance liquid chromatography capillary tubing. The capillaries are easily cleaned or replaced. The wetted parts are polyether ether ketone and sapphire, which are resistant to many corrosive substances, thus enabling in situ characterization under challenging conditions. © 2025 International Union of Crystallography. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fractography

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Hydrated silicate ionic liquids: Ionic liquids for silicate material synthesis

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 417卷

作者： Vandenabeele, Dries Doppelhammer, Nikolaus Radhakrishnan, Sambhu Chandran, C. Vinod Wangermez, Wauter Rais, Anjul Vandeurzen, Elisabeth Jakoby, Bernhard Kirschhock, Christine Breynaert, Eric KU Leuven Belgium Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors - Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69 Linz4040 Austria NMRCoRe - NMR/X-Ray Platform for Convergence Research KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461 Heverlee3001 Belgium

The development of Hydrated Silicate Ionic Liquids, which are hypo-hydrated room temperature melts of alkali silicates, has created new opportunities for synthesizing porous silicate materials. Their discovery also allows to reinterpret the role of an ionic liquid for zeolite synthesis and offers unique opportunities to study crystallization in situ. The reduced complexity of HSILs together with a large space of achievable zeolitic phases and framework compositions, renders them excellent systems for modelling and computer simulations. This work summarizes the impact of alkalinity, hydration, and cation type on silicate speciation and provides physicochemical data spanning relevant temperatures and compositions for zeolite formation. The data is meant as a reference point to further accommodate and verify (computational) models. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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Reconfiguring Surface Acoustic Wave Microfluidics via In Situ Control of Elastic Wave Polarization

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 037002-037002页

作者： Yu Gao (郜煜) Thomas Voglhuber-Brunnmaier Yuekang Li Leyla Akh Nicholas H. Patino Apresio Kefin Fajrial Massimo Ruzzene Bernhard Jakoby Xiaoyun Ding Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Biomedical Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

We demonstrate in situ control of the elastic wave polarization in a surface acoustic wave (SAW). It allows us to create highly reconfigurable SAW microfluidics that can be switched on demand between the acoustohydrodynamic (AHD) regime and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) regime for manipulating particles and cells. The control of wave polarization comes from our experimental and theoretical identification of an unexpected shear-horizontal (SH) wave mode in a conventional Rayleigh (R) wave design, which is stereotyped to excite only vertically polarized Rayleigh SAWs. The SH wave mode is predominantly horizontally polarized and can be selectively excited to propagate in the same direction as the Rayleigh SAW. Such a selective wave generation between the SH mode and R mode allows for reconfiguration between AHD and EHD regimes that leads to unprecedented colloidal patterns and assembly dynamics. Such a reconfiguration of the particle manipulation mechanism can be explained by the controllable competition or synergism between the coexisting acoustic and electric fields. Remarkably, in the EHD regime, a virtual zero-boundary electric quadrupole is created, and a novel colloidal diamond-shaped assembly is observed in this piezoelectric-quadrupole trap, which was rarely reported in acoustic or electric microfluidics. The presented in situ control of polarization revolutionizes our understanding of SAW and acoustofluidics, expands its potential by assuming the advantages of AHD and EHD on demand, and inspires new strategies in micro- and nanoscale manufacturing and manipulation, with applications beyond fundamental scientific interest.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Magnetic circuits based on polymer composites for controlled actuation of a ferromagnetic sphere at a microfluidic junction

Magnetic circuits based on polymer composites for controlled...

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12th IEEE SENSORS 2013 Conference

作者： Hilber, Wolfgang Clara, Stefan Jakoby, Bernhard Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346405

We present the utilization of polymer composites for the realization of magnetic circuits for flux density engineering. Three-dimensional composite structures for guidance and concentration of the magnetic flux density have been devised and realized, which are used to actuate a ferromagnetic sphere at the intersection of two microfluidic channels. Depending on the position of the sphere the flow in the single branches can be blocked or released, i.e. it resembles the functionality of a microfluidic valve. Additionally, it can also realize some kind of liquid logic in a microfluidic network. At certain positions of the sphere at the x-junction the incoming flow splits up into different fractions for the three outgoing channels. Interestingly enough, permutations of the outward flows can be realized by switching the position of the sphere to predefined positions. In our contribution we describe the technology for creating the desired magnetic flux densities in microstructures based on polymer composites, and we present the application of this approach for the controlled actuation of a ferromagnetic sphere at the x-junction of microchannels for the realization of a valve with multiple switching states. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Spheres

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Droplet mixing and liquid property tracking using an electrodynamic plate resonator

Droplet mixing and liquid property tracking using an electro...

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12th IEEE SENSORS 2013 Conference

作者： Reichel, Erwin K. Heinisch, Martin Jakoby, Bernhard Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346405

Acoustic streaming in a sessile droplet can be achieved, e.g., by surface acoustic wave transducers or piezoelectric actuators. We present a novel method using a plate resonator, which is electrodynamically actuated. The liquid droplet rests on a round plate, which is suspended by spring structures and oscillates in its own plane at a resonance frequency around 1 kHz. The resonator loading depends on mass density and (complex) viscosity of the liquid in the vicinity of the contact surface. Actuating the oscillation at the resonance frequency yields high displacement amplitudes, which consecutively leads to acoustic streaming capable of effective stirring within the droplet. The method is used to quantify the stability of two-phase systems such as emulsions and suspensions. After a defined stirring period, the resonator loading is measured every few seconds. Resonance frequency shift and bandwidth are evaluated to derive the viscosity of the liquid two-phase system and monitor the phase-separation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Characterization and calibration of U-shaped mass density and viscosity sensors by an analytical modeling approach

Characterization and calibration of U-shaped mass density an...

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2013 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, TRANSDUCERS and EUROSENSORS 2013

作者： Heinisch, M. Reichel, E.K. Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, T. Jakoby, B. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467359818

This contribution is about resonant viscosity and mass density sensors based on oscillating U-shaped structures which are operated at their fundamental resonance frequencies. The actuation and read-out for both types of sensors are based on Lorentz forces. The measuring principle, the device setups, complete analytical models relating the (known) input to the (measured) output signals as well as first measurements obtained with the discussed devices are presented. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Lorentz force

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U-shaped, wire-based oscillators for rheological applications bridging the gap between 100 Hz and 100 kHz

U-shaped, wire-based oscillators for rheological application...

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2013 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, TRANSDUCERS and EUROSENSORS 2013

作者： Heinisch, M. Reichel, E.K. Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, T. Jakoby, B. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467359818

A viscosity sensor based on an oscillating, U-shaped wire, which is operated at its fundamental resonance frequency as well as the effect of scaling of its geometry on its resonance frequency is presented in this contribution. Actuation and read-out of the sensor are both based on Lorentz forces, which allow for high long term stability of the devices, good repeatability of the measurements, relatively easy sensor designs and thus low-cost production of the sensor. The measurement setup, the sensor design as well as the approach for a complete analytical model relating input to output signals are explained. First measurements are shown, which affirm the used models and which show the functionality of the sensor. Measurements obtained in a set of scaling experiments show that with this type of devices a range of operating (i.e., resonance) frequencies of 100 Hz to 100 kHz can be obtained for device lengths of 1 mm to 3 cm. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Lorentz force

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Orbiting sphere viscometer operated in resonant orbiting mode

Orbiting sphere viscometer operated in resonant orbiting mod...

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12th IEEE SENSORS 2013 Conference

作者： Clara, S. Antlinger, H. Hilber, W. Jakoby, B. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346405

We present the operation of a previously introduced orbiting sphere viscometer in resonant mode at small amplitudes to demonstrate the feasibility of miniaturization. In chemical processes control, often comparability of novel viscosity measurement and sensing principles with well-established principles is essential since the measured viscosity crucially depends on the measurement parameters utilized (e.g., shear rate, oscillation frequency, etc.). The orbiting sphere viscometer on one hand mimics the falling ball principle and on the other hand extends its properties. It can be operated in an orbiting mode which, for large radii, reproduces the interaction of a linearly moving sphere with the surrounding liquid. For smaller amplitudes, the interaction is more comparable to other oscillating viscometer principles. In the present paper, we focus on this latter mode of operation, show its feasibility and present according sample results. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Spheres

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Viscosity and density sensor principle based on diamagnetic levitation using pyrolytic graphite

Viscosity and density sensor principle based on diamagnetic ...

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12th IEEE SENSORS 2013 Conference

作者： Clara, S. Antlinger, H. Hilber, W. Jakoby, B. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346405

We investigate the feasibility of viscosity and density measurements using diamagnetically stabilized levitation of a floater magnet on pyrolytic graphite. Immersing the floater magnet in a liquid, buoyancy forces will come into play. Keeping the levitation height of the floater magnet constant in different liquid surroundings by accordingly adjusting the lifter magnet, the buoyancy force and therefore the density of the fluid can be determined from these adjustments. For viscosity measurements, we add an additional AC-driven coil to the setup, which yields a superposed alternating force on the floater magnet causing periodic vibrations of the floater magnet. The vibrations are damped according to the viscosity of the surrounding fluid. By performing a frequency sweep, the frequency response of the damped spring mass resonator can be obtained where the resonance frequency for our setup is around 6 Hz. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Viscosity

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Monitoring Physical Fluid Properties Using a Piezoelectric Tuning Fork Resonant Sensor

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BHM Berg- und Huttenmannische Monatshefte 2016年第11期161卷 510-514页

作者： Niedermayer, A.O. Voglhuber-Brunnmaier, T. Feichtinger, F. Heinisch, M. Jakoby, B. Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors J. Kepler University Altenbergerstr. 69 Linz4040 Austria

For fluid analysis applications, such as oil condition monitoring, fuel quality, or gas concentration measurements, resonant sensors deliver an outstanding performance when signal processing is optimized and the fluid-mechanical model of the electromechanical resonator is suitable and accurate for the particular resonator. By combining recent advancements, significant improvements in accuracy, measurement speed, dynamic range, and suppression of cross-sensitivities could be achieved. These features enable the development of new solutions for a variety of measurement issues in industry and bio technology. In this contribution the performance of a highly universal evaluation system is demonstrated using a commercially available quartz crystal tuning fork resonator as sensing element for liquid viscosity and mass density. The obtained results are quantified with respect to an accurate lab bench viscosity and mass density meter. A significant advantage of this system is that it operates reliably and accurately even for strongly damped resonators. Therefore, the sensor elements can be used in a larger viscosity range than with alternative evaluation methods. © 2016, The Author(s).

关键词： Resonators

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