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International Workshop on database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： G. Lukacs Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

the selection of products and services is a central issue in electronic commerce. Available data is often not sufficient to allow a precise evaluation and user preferences are usually vague. In this paper, a model for deciding under imperfect information is presented. the decision model handles two types of imperfections: imprecisions on the side of the alternatives and vagueness in the preferences of the users. Incomplete description of the alternatives may result in imprecisions in the evaluation of their features. the decision model provides a framework to reduce these imprecisions by completing information from external sources. Besides, fuzzy query conditions allow users to express vague preferences. A scenario illustrates the use of the decision model where the goal is to select a rental apartment from classified advertisements with respect to its availability by public transport.

关键词： Electronic commerce Information retrieval Electronic mail Investments Internet Power generation economics Food products Diabetes Packaging Energy efficiency

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towards an interactive query environment for a multi-attribute decision model with imprecise data and vague query conditions

Towards an interactive query environment for a multi-attribu...

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International Workshop on database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： G. Lukacs Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

A multi-attribute decision model aiming at the selection of an efficient set of alternatives is presented. the major challenge is that the alternatives are not perfectly known, i.e., the associated values may be imprecise. Furthermore, for improved user friendliness, vague query conditions are allowed. Imprecise scores are described by probability distributions, vague query conditions by fuzzy predicates. the philosophy of the presented approach is to create an environment similar to the multidimensional spreadsheet front-end of data warehouses, in which the user can interactively discover the imperfect answers. In particular, numeric measures that allow an aggregated view of alternatives are defined. A geographic information retrieval scenario demonstrates the use of the decision model.

关键词： Information systems Probability distribution Multidimensional systems data warehouses Particle measurements Information retrieval Decision making Decision support systems Internet Environmental economics

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Indirect Reciprocity in Policy-Based Helping Experiments

Indirect Reciprocity in Policy-Based Helping Experiments

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European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS)

作者： Christian von der Weth Klemens Böhm thorben Burghardt Christian Hütter Jing Zhi Yue Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Karlsruhe Germany

In service-oriented architectures, participants keep interacting by exchanging tasks, in order to increase their benefit. Since carrying out a task incurs costs, and participants often interact with unknown partners, uncooperative behavior dominates in the absence of a mechanism. A well-known economic model describing this situation is the Helping Game. In previous helping experiments, participants decide 'by hand' before each interaction whether to carry out the task or not. In online environments however, such manual decisions are infeasible. this paper focuses on policy-based helping experiments, i.e., participants formulate policies stating when exactly they accept a task. this approach gives way to many questions, e.g., what kinds of policies are formulated, how do the policies affect the outcome of the experiments, is the outcome different from the ones of previous helping experiments, how does it depend on the language used to formulate policies, etc. In an extensive study, we address these and related questions. As a result, most participants behave strategically and make use of information on the previous behavior of others. the results indicate that participants perceive that cooperative behavior pays off. Further, despite the infinite policy space, we could discover eight meaningful categories to classify all formulated policies.

关键词： Service oriented architecture Grid computing Web services Costs Environmental economics Cultural differences Global communication Semiconductor optical amplifiers

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A pluggable architectural model and a formally specified programming language independent API for an ontological knowledge base server 05

A pluggable architectural model and a formally specified pro...

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Proceedings of the 2005 Australasian Ontology Workshop - Volume 58

作者： Alexander Paar Jürgen Reuter Jaron Schaeffer Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781920682408

Recently, ontology engineering has become ever more important when it comes to conceptualize knowledge. However, writing software applications that operate on ontological knowledge still suffers from a lack of connectivity provided by available ontology management systems. Interfaces of ontology management systems are either based on error prone programming language agnostic remoting protocols or they are restricted to one particular programming language. We implemented an ontological Knowledge Base Server, which can expose the functionality of arbitrary off-the-shelf ontology management systems via arbitrary remoting protocols. Based on XML Schema Definition, we defined a full-fledged API for processing OWL ontologies. Client access code can be generated automatically for virtually any object oriented programming language. Using Description Logics terminology, the Knowledge Base Server API was formally specified, such that it could be used to validate implementations based on three different adapted ontology management systems.

关键词： description logics ontology management web ontology language (OWL)

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Segmentation of the transportation market with regard to activity-based freight transport modelling

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International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 2004年第3期7卷 199-218页

作者： Liedtke, G. Schepperle, H. Institute for Economic Policy Research Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Germany Institute for Programme Structures and Data Organisation Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Germany

transport models are used to estimate the expected effects of policy measures—such as infrastructure building, upgrading or the introduction of a highway toll—on the users of a transport system. the results of transport models are a necessary input for cost–benefit analyses, which answer the question of whether a policy measure improves the economic welfare. In passenger transport modelling, the activity-based approach links peoples' daily behaviour patterns to their movements through time and space. traffic—as a macroscopic phenomenon—can be explained as the sum of many individual behaviour decisions. In the modelling of freight transport, the state-of-the-art method is still the aggregate and functional approach, which concentrates on regions/traffic cells and their gross domestic product by economic sector instead of individual logistical decisions. the transports are losing the relation to the responsible decision-maker. there is still a lack of suitable actor-based micro-models that are capable of adequately modeling freight transport systems. Having a microscopic modelling base for the transport of goods would be a significant improvement for transport forecasts and the assessment of policy measures, because of its ability to map individual adaptation reactions. the article gives a short introduction to microscopic modelling techniques in freight transport. However, the question of the modelling object and its classification is the first to be answered when modelling and simulating shipper and carrier behaviour. Relevant data sources are critically analysed with regard to activity-based freight transport modelling. It is shown that inadequate classifications have detained methodical progress in freight transport modelling. A suitable classification schema is deduced, which is basing on the notion of transport markets. For the identification of the characteristics of these markets from existing trip samples, fuzzy-clustering techniques are presented. Further ap

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Automated Feature Model-Based Generation of Refinement transformations

Automated Feature Model-Based Generation of Refinement Trans...

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Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Lucia Kapova thomas Goldschmidt Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany FZI Research Centre for Information Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Model-driven application engineering builds on the concept of model transformations. to weave additional refinement parts into an application model, so-called refinement transformations are used. In many cases these refinement parts are highly variable and configurable. Such a configuration could depend on application specific features. today, application developers need to define refinement transformations manually, including all possible configuration combinations. Due to the high number of possible initial requirements such a development method is costly and means significant effort. therefore configurable refinements should be embedded in an overall model-driven application development process. Currently there is a lack of automated support for integrating these configuration decisions into the development process of refinement transformations. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for automated feature model-based generation of refinement transformations. to express application features, we consider configurations specified by extended feature diagrams. In addition, we provide a running example giving insight into the application of the presented approach.

关键词： Application software Predictive models Message-oriented middleware Guidelines Software engineering Information technology data engineering Costs Model driven engineering Instruments

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Managed Software Evolution 1

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1000年

作者： Ralf Reussner Jan Keim Michael Goedicke Wilhelm Hasselbring Birgit Vogel-Heuser Lukas Märtin

ISBN: (数字)9783030134990

ISBN: (纸本)9783030134983;9783030135010

this open access book presents the outcomes of the “Design for Future – Managed Software Evolution” priority program 1593, which was launched by the German Research Foundation (“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)”) to develop new approaches to software engineering with a specific focus on long-lived software systems. the different lifecycles of software and hardware platforms lead to interoperability problems in such systems. Instead of separating the development, adaptation and evolution of software and its platforms, as well as aspects like operation, monitoring and maintenance, they should all be integrated into one overarching process.;Accordingly, the book is split into three major parts, the first of which includes an introduction to the nature of software evolution, followed by an overview of the specific challenges and a general introduction to the case studies used in the project. the second part of the book consists of the main chapters on knowledge carrying software, and cover tacit knowledge in software evolution, continuous design decision support, model-based round-trip engineering for software product lines, performance analysis strategies, maintaining security in software evolution, learning from evolution for evolution, and formal verification of evolutionary changes. In turn, the last part of the book presents key findings and spin-offs. the individual chapters there describe various case studies, along with their benefits, deliverables and the respective lessons learned. An overview of future research topics rounds out the coverage.;the book was mainly written for scientific researchers and advanced professionals with an academic background. they will benefit from its comprehensive treatment of various topics related to problems that are now gaining in importance, given the higher costs for maintenance and evolution in comparison to the initial development, and the fact that today, most software is not developed from scratch, but as part of a c

关键词： Software Engineering Software Management Management of Computing and Information Systems theory of Computation

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Ontology-based program Comprehension tool Supporting Website Architectural Evolution

Ontology-based Program Comprehension Tool Supporting Website...

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International Symposium on Web Systems Evolution

作者： Yonggang Zhang Rene Witte Juergen Rilling Volker Haarslev Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD) Universität Karlsruhe Germany

A challenge of existing program comprehension approaches is to provide consistent and flexible representations for software systems. Maintainers have to match their mental models with the different representations these tools provide. In this paper, we present a novel approach that addresses this issue by providing a consistent ontological representation for both source code and documentation. the ontological representation unifies information from various sources, and therefore reduces the maintainers' comprehension efforts. In addition, representing software artifacts in a formal ontology enables maintainers to formulate hypotheses about various properties of software systems. these hypotheses can be validated through an iterative exploration of information derived by our ontology inference engine. the implementation of our approach is presented in detail, and a case study is provided to demonstrate the applicability of our approach during the architectural evolution of a Web site content management system

关键词： Ontologies Cognitive science Software systems Software maintenance Documentation Software tools Content management Computer science Software engineering Engines

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Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2019 1

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1000年

作者： Michael Felderer Wilhelm Hasselbring Heiko Koziolek Florian Matthes Lutz Prechelt Ralf Reussner Bernhard Rumpe Ina Schaefer

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Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020 1

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1000年

作者： Michael Felderer Wilhelm Hasselbring Heiko Koziolek Florian Matthes Lutz Prechelt Ralf Reussner Bernhard Rumpe Ina Schaefer

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