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14th IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing, ICSC 2020

作者： Weigelt, Sebastian Steurer, Vanessa Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163321

Even though intelligent systems such as Siri or Google Assistant are enjoyable (and useful) dialog partners, users can only access predefined functionality. Enabling end-users to extend the functionality of intelligent systems will be the next big thing. To promote research in this area we carried out an empirical study on how laypersons teach robots new functions by means of natural language instructions. The result is a labeled corpus consisting of 3168 submissions given by 870 subjects. The analysis of the dataset revealed that many participants used certain wordings to express their wish to teach new functionality;two corresponding trigrams are among the most frequent. On the contrary, more than one third (37%) did not verbalize the teaching intent at all. We labeled the semantic constituents in the utterances: declaration (including the name of the function) and intermediate steps. © 2020 institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Context model acquisition from spoken utterances 29

Context model acquisition from spoken utterances

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29th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2017

作者： Weigelt, Sebastian Hey, Tobias Tichy, Walter F. Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1891706411

Current systems with spoken language interfaces do not leverage contextual information. Therefore, they struggle with understanding speakers' intentions. We propose a system that creates a context model from user utterances to overcome this lack of information. It comprises eight types of contextual information organized in three layers: individual, conceptual, and hierarchical. We have implemented our approach as a part of the project PARSE. It aims at enabling laypersons to construct simple programs by dialog. Our implementation incrementally generates context including occurring entities and actions as well as their conceptualizations, state transitions, and other types of contextual information. Its analyses are knowledge- or rulebased (depending on the context type), but we make use of many well-known probabilistic NLP techniques. In a user study we have shown the feasibility of our approach, achieving F1 scores from 72% up to 98% depending on the type of contextual information. The context model enables us to resolve complex identity relations. However, quantifying this effect is subject to future work. Likewise, we plan to investigate whether our context model is useful for other language understanding tasks, e.g., anaphora resolution, topic analysis, or correction of automatic speech recognition errors.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Architecture-driven reduction of specification overhead for verifying confidentiality in component-based software systems

Architecture-driven reduction of specification overhead for ...

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2017 MODELS Satellite Event: Workshops (ModComp, ME, EXE, COMMitMDE, MRT, MULTI, GEMOC, MoDeVVa, MDETools, FlexMDE, MDEbug), Posters, Doctoral Symposium, Educator Symposium, ACM Student Research Competition, and Tools and Demonstrations, MODEL-SSE 2017

作者： Yurchenko, Kateryna Behr, Moritz Klare, Heiko Kramer, Max Reussner, Ralf Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Code verification techniques can be used to guarantee that some of the information processed in software systems remains confidential. For this, allowed information flows have to be specified for the system under analysis. Reducing the specification overhead could render code verification feasible where verification was considered too complex or costly so far. In this paper, we introduce a model-driven approach to reduce the overhead for creating and maintaining such specifications. Independent of the verification input format, developers can specify confidentiality for component-based architecture models, which are kept consistent with object-oriented code. They are supported in adapting the specifications to evolving systems in order to detect information leaks with less e ort and in earlier development stages.

关键词： Specifications

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Cooperation through reciprocity in multiagent systems: An evolutionary analysis

Cooperation through reciprocity in multiagent systems: An ev...

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10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems 2011, AAMAS 2011

作者： Hütter, Christian Böhm, Klemens Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781618391018

The Service Game is a model for reciprocity in multiagent systems. Here, agents interact repeatedly by requesting and providing services. In contrast to existing models where players are matched randomly, players of the Service Game may choose with whom they play. The rationale behind provider selection is to choose a provider that is likely to perform a task as desired. We develop a formal model for provider selection in the Service Game. An evolutionary process based on a genetic algorithm allows us to incorporate notions of bounded rationality, learning, and adaptation into the analysis of the game. We conduct a series of experiments to study the evolution of strategies and the emergence of cooperation. We show that cooperation is more expensive with provider selection than with random matching. Further, populations consisting of discriminators and defectors form a bistable community. Categories and Subject Descriptors 1.2.11 [Artificial Intelligence]: Distributed Artificial Intelligence-Multiagent systems General Terms Economics, Experimentation. Copyright © 2011, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Evolving cooperation through reciprocity using a centrality-based reputation system

Evolving cooperation through reciprocity using a centrality-...

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2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent technology, IAT 2011

作者： Hütter, Christian Lorch, Raphael Böhm, Klemens Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545134

Reciprocity is the basis for cooperation between agents in settings without payments. Research has shown that cooperation through reciprocity can emerge if reputation information is available. Various reputation mechanisms have been proposed, which are either not efficient or vulnerable to errors in perception. We propose a reputation mechanism based on 'centrality', which outperforms existing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and robustness. To evaluate our approach, we first conduct numerical simulations where we analyze different centrality measures. We then use the 'winning' measure in a behavioral experiment to evaluate its effectiveness with real users. Our results are that distance-based centrality measures are most suitable for multi-agent systems. Furthermore, humans adopt strategies based on centrality for sending requests, but not for processing them. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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The architecture of a secure business-process-management system in service-oriented environments

The architecture of a secure business-process-management sys...

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9th European Conference on Web Services, ECOWS 2011

作者： Müller, Jens Böhm, Klemens Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545363

Business-process-management (BPM) systems are increasingly used in service-oriented architectures (SOA), coordinating activities of web services and of human actors. The openness and flexibility of SOA causes new challenges regarding security of business processes. This is because they have to deal with unexpected situations at run time. Respective solutions must be inherent to a BPM system (BPMS). Process implementers must explicitly model different security aspects of business processes, and the BPMS must combine them with run-time context to enforce security. However, existing BPMS do not address security issues in a way that is sufficiently broad. Thus, extensions are necessary, and they should integrate existing technology. The core contribution of this paper is to propose how to extend the WfMC reference architecture for BPMS to accomplish this, having identified different design alternatives. The resulting architecture is generic and integrates with existing SOA technologies like federated identity management. It is modular, making adaptations relatively easy. This has been hard to achieve because security aspects concern the entire system. Finally, our architecture can be used to implement the various business process security modelling approaches that have been presented in the literature. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Web services

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Context Model Acquisition from Spoken Utterances

Context Model Acquisition from Spoken Utterances

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作者： Weigelt, Sebastian Hey, Tobias Tichy, Walter F. Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany

Current systems with spoken language interfaces do not leverage contextual information. Therefore, they struggle with understanding speakers' intentions. We propose a system that creates a context model from user utterances to overcome this lack of information. It comprises eight types of contextual information organized in three layers: individual, conceptual, and hierarchical. We have implemented our approach as a part of the project PARSE. It aims at enabling laypersons to construct simple programs by dialog. Our implementation incrementally generates context including occurring entities and actions as well as their conceptualizations, state transitions, and other types of contextual information. Its analyses are knowledge- or rule-based (depending on the context type), but we make use of many well-known probabilistic NLP techniques. In a user study we have shown the feasibility of our approach, achieving F1 scores from 72% up to 98% depending on the type of contextual information. The context model enables us to resolve complex identity relations. However, quantifying this effect is subject to future work. Likewise, we plan to investigate whether our context model is useful for other language understanding tasks, e.g. anaphora resolution, topic analysis, or correction of automatic speech recognition errors. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Knowledge representation

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Impact assessment in public policy: Towards a Web 2.0 application

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Information Polity 2010年第1-2期15卷 33-50页

作者： Heidinger, Clemens Buchmann, Erik Böhm, Klemens Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD) 76131 Karlsruhe Am Fasanengarten 5 Germany

Impact assessment (IA) is a key method for the legislator to evaluate policies, norms or regulations currently under development. Experts use IA to gather and analyze input from many individuals to obtain clear problem statements, estimations regarding policies etc., and use this information to compare policy alternatives. Currently, the opinions, expertise etc. gathered for IA need to be structured by hand. Thus, the analysis steps of IA are time-consuming, and IA does not scale with the number of persons involved. In this paper, we introduce a collaborative approach for IA. Based on a Web 2.0 architecture, we let a community of individuals derive the potential, downsides and design alternatives of policies collaboratively. Our approach guides individuals through the process of creating structured input. Our approach is fully implemented, and we have evaluated it together with legal experts by means of a small pilot study. Our evaluation indicates that the acceptance of a Web 2.0-based IA application strongly depends on the user interface. More profoundly, it shows that our approach can be an important tool for future IA. © 2010-IOS Press and the authors.

关键词： Impact assessment Web 2.0 Application

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Process verification and synthesis - The use case of commissioning processes in the automobile industry 22

Process verification and synthesis - The use case of commiss...

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22nd Doctoral Consortium, CAISE-DC 2015 at the 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE 2015

作者： Mrasek, Richard Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe76131 Germany

In the automobile industry, commissioning process models describe the end-of-line manufacturing and testing of vehicles. Due to the increase of electronic components in modern vehicles, the process models tend to become more complex. At the same the number of different model series is constantly increasing leading to a larger amount of process models. The increase in process models and complexity lead to higher cost for the process design and decrease the quality of the individual process model. In this Ph.D. project we want to support process modeling. First, by developing a framework to test if a given process model fulfills all properties required (process verification). Second, we want to support the process design by approaches for a semiautomatic generation of process models (process synthesis). Third, for process verification and process synthesis one needs a specification of the allowed behavior of the process models.

关键词： Automotive industry

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NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

NLCI – A Natural Language Command Interpreter

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Software Engineering 2017

作者： Landhäußer, Mathias Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76131 Germany

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