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31st International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2019

作者： Blersch, Martin Weigelt, Sebastian Tichy, Walter F. Angele, Kevin Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Semantic Technology Institute University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria ONLIM GmbH Telfs Austria

ISBN: (纸本)1891706489

Virtual assistants such as Siri or Google Assistant are omnipresent. However, their development remains costly. One must either manually model the problem domain or provide thousands of labeled samples. We propose to automatically create virtual assistants based on Active Ontologies for interacting with databases. Our approach generates Active Ontologies;we use the database structure to derive a concept hierarchy and database values together with synonyms to extract information from user queries. Our approach also learns common phrases from samples, e.g. from existing Dialogflow agents. We extract pre- and postfixes and attach them to concepts, e.g. at to detect a succeeding location. The generated Active Ontologies reply to previously unseen and composed requests. The approach is not limited to virtual assistants but can be applied to any system with a textual or voice-based conversational interface such as chatbots. We evaluate our approach in three domains: tourism, hotel, and web cams. The study shows that automatically generated Active Ontologies extract relevant information from user utterances with a precision of 58%. The precision increases to 79% (recall 46%, F1 58%) when we use sample utterances. Our approach successfully transfers between domains, e.g. we learn phrases from the tourism domain and use them to reply to hotel requests without any adjustments. © 2019 Knowledge Systems institute Graduate School. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ontology

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Strategic provider selection in a policy-based helping scenario

Strategic provider selection in a policy-based helping scena...

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12th IEEE Conference on Commerce and Enterprise Computing, CEC 2010

作者： Hütter, Christian Yue, Jing Zhi Von Der Weth, Christian Böhm, Klemens Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9780769542287

In service-oriented computing, software agents interact by requesting and providing services. Since providing a service incurs cost, uncooperative behavior dominates in the absence of an incentive mechanism. An economic model that describes interactions between individuals is the Helping. Game. There, pairs of requester and provider are randomly matched. In various real-world applications in turn, several providers offer similar services, and requesters have a choice of providers. The rationale behind strategic provider selection is to choose the provider that is most likely to perform the task as desired. The results from existing studies of the Helping Game are not directly applicable to settings with provider selection. To analyze how strategic provider selection affects the efficiency of enterprise systems, we have designed and carried out an experimental study. Our results show that cooperative participants receive significantly more requests than uncooperative ones, making cooperation expensive. We conclude that system designers must incentivize requesters to balance their tasks between providers. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Software agents

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Soft reservations uncertainty-aware resource reservations in IaaS environments 3

Soft reservations uncertainty-aware resource reservations in...

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3rd International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design, BMSD 2013

作者： Mohammadi, Seyed Vahid Kounev, Samuel Juan-Verdejo, Adrian Surajbali, Bholanathsingh CAS Software A.G CAS-Weg 1-5 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789898565563

Modern Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provides flexible access to data center resources on demand in an elastic fashion to meet the highly variable workload requirements of cloud applications. Cloud providers aim to provision resources as efficiently and as quickly as possible to their consumers. However, the lack of information about the hosted applications and their workloads makes it hard for cloud providers to anticipate the future resource demands of their customers so that they can plan the capacity of their infrastructure. Cloud providers can receive arbitrary requests for allocating resources on-the-fly in a completely unpredictable manner. Given this unpredictability, it may happen that providers might not be able to provision the requested resources quickly enough, or in the worst case, they might ran out of capacity and may not be able to satisfy their customers resource demands. To address these concerns, in this paper we propose a new resource reservation mechanism, based on the concept of soft reservations, addressing the issue of uncertainty and lack of information concerning the expected future customer workloads and corresponding resource demands. The proposed resource reservation mechanism makes it possible for cloud providers to better plan the capacity of their infrastructure and continuously optimize the placement of virtual machines on physical nodes thus improving the infrastructure cost and energy efficiency. It also takes into account the uncertainty of resource demand estimations and enables proactive online capacity planning resulting in cost benefits for both cloud providers and cloud customers.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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A study of the impact of structure on cooperation in networks

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Web Intelligence and Agent Systems 2011年第3期9卷 269-288页

作者： Schosser, Stephan Böhm, Klemens Vogt, Bodo Institute of Economic Theory and Statistics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Zirkel 2 76128 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Am Fasanengarten 5 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Faculty of Economics Empirical Economics Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany

The concern of this paper is that nodes in a distributed system cooperate. We demonstrate that adding structure to such systems can help to induce cooperation. 'Adding structure' means bounding the number of nodes a node can directly interact with - if two unconnected nodes wish to interact, they have to do so via a chain of intermediaries which are connected. To validate our claim, we analyze one specific system where structure has been added. Different methods exist for such analyses: Economists use behavioral experiments to study human behavior. Computer scientists rely on simulations, to obtain results that are robust and scalable. Both use game theory to arrive at formal results. Each approach in isolation has its disadvantages: Behavioral experiments do not allow analyzing many different combinations of parameter values and do not scale well. Game theory supports analyzing system equilibria, but may result in complex or even unsolvable models, in particular when considering system dynamics. Simulations rely on the intuition of the system designer - this is hazardous in strategic settings. We pursue a combination of these approaches and show that the degree of cooperation in our setting is high. More specifically, after having shown with behavioral experiments that humans tend to use cut-off strategies, we translate the strategies used into a game theoretic model and show that they yield an efficient equilibrium. Simulations show that the system reaches this equilibrium given random start populations if the rate of free riders is low. We conclude by saying how our work affects the design of distributed systems from a computer science perspective. © 2011 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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Decision support with imprecise data for consumers 1st

Decision support with imprecise data for consumers

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1st International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World, Soft-Ware 2002

作者： Luk Á Cs, Gergely Universität Karlsruhe Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Am Fasanengarten 5 Karlsruhe76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)354043481X

Only imperfect data is available in many decision situations, which therefore plays a key role in the decision theory of economic science. It is also of key interest in computer science, among others when integrating autonomous information systems: the information in one system is often imperfect from the view of another system. The case study for the present work combines the two issues: the goal of the information integration is to provide decision support for consumers, the public. By the integration of an electronic timetable for public transport with a geographically referenced database, for example, with rental apartments, it is possible to choose alternatives, for example, rental apartments from the database that have a good transport connection to a given location. However, if the geographic references in the database are not sufficiently detailed, the quality of the public transport connections can only be characterized imprecisely. This work focuses on two issues: the representation of imprecise data and the sort operation for imprecise data. The proposed representation combines intervals and imprecise probabilities. When the imprecise data is only used for decision making with the Bernoulli-principle, a more compact representation is possible without restricting the expressive power. The key operation for decision making, the sorting of imprecise data, is discussed in detail. The new sort operation is based on so called π-cuts, and is particularly suitable for consumer decision support. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： database systems

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The ephyra QA system at TREC 2006

The ephyra QA system at TREC 2006

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15th Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2006

作者： Schlaefer, N. Gieselmann, P. Sautter, G. Interactive Systems Labs University of Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization University of Karlsruhe Germany

The Ephyra QA system has been developed as a flexible open-domain QA framework. This framework allows us to combine several techniques for question analysis and answer extraction and to incorporate multiple knowledge bases to best fit the requirements of the TREC QA track, in which we participated this year for the first time. The techniques used include pattern learning and matching, answer type analysis and redundancy elimination through filters. In this paper, we give an overview of the Ephyra system as used within TREC 2006 and analyze the system's performance in the QA track.

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Palladio optimization suite: QoS optimization for component-based cloud applications 9

Palladio optimization suite: QoS optimization for component-...

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9th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, ValueTools 2015

作者： Ciavotta, Michele Ardagna, Danilo Koziolek, Anne Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Italy Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781631900969

One important issue in software engineering is to find an effective way to deal with the increasing complexity of software computing system. Modern software applications have evolved in terms of size and scope. Specific tools have been created to predict the Quality of Service (QoS) at designtime. However, the optimization of an architecture usually has to be done manually, resulting in an arduous and timeconsuming process. For this reason, we present the Palladio Optimization Suite (POS), a collection of complementary plugins realized to run atop Palladio Bench with the aim of automatizing the exploration of the space of possible architectures by means of advanced search paradigms. © Copyright 2016 ICST.

关键词： Quality of service

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DIANE: An integrated approach to automated service discovery, matchmaking and composition 07

DIANE: An integrated approach to automated service discovery...

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16th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2007

作者： Küster, Ulrich König-Ries, Birgitta Stern, Mirco Klein, Michael Institute of Computer Science Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Jena Germany Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization University Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1595936548

Automated matching of semantic service descriptions is the key to automatic service discovery and binding. But when trying to find a match for a certain request it may often happen, that the request cannot be serviced by a single offer but could be handled by combining existing offers. In this case automatic service composition is needed. Although automatic composition is an active field of research it is mainly viewed as a planning problem and treated separatedly from service discovery. In this paper we argue that an integrated approach to the problem is better than seperating these issues as is usually done. We propose an approach that integrates service composition into service discovery and matchmaking to match service requests that ask for multiple connected effects, discuss general issues involved in describing and matching such services and present an efficient algorithm implementing our ideas.

关键词： Semantics

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Collaborative modeling enabled by version control

Collaborative modeling enabled by version control

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Fachtagung Modellierung, 2018

作者： Kuryazov, Dilshod Winter, Andreas Reussner, Ralf University of Oldenburg Software Engineering Group Uhlhornsweg 84 Oldenburg26111 Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization Postfach 6980 KarlsruheD-76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885796749

Model-Driven Software Development is a key field in software development activities which is well-suited to design and develop large-scale software systems. Developing and maintaining large-scale model-driven software systems entail a need for collaborative modeling by a large number of software designers and developers. As long as software models are constantly changed during development and maintenance, collaborative modeling requires frequently sharing of model changes between collaborators. Thereby, a solid change representation support for model changes plays an essential role for collaborative modeling systems. This paper focuses on the problem of model change representation for collaborative modeling. It introduces a meta-model generic, operation-based and textual difference language to represent model changes in collaborative modeling. This paper also demonstrates a collaborative modeling application Kotelett. © 2018 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI).

关键词： Software design

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Evaluating and enhancing meta-search performance in digital libraries 3

Evaluating and enhancing meta-search performance in digital ...

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3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE 2002

作者： Schmitt, B. Oberländer, S. Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization - IPD Computer Science Department University of Karlsruhe Am Fasanengarten 3 KarlsruheD-76128 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769517668

Applying meta search systems is a suitable method for supporting the user if there are many different retrieval services available on the Web. Due to information splitting strategies of literature services existing meta search systems either provide minimal integration of results or slow response times. We present an approach that combines techniques of personalization and query processing in order to satisfy the user's demand for both fast and comprehensive results. In order to evaluate and compare different query processing strategies and additional influencing parameters we developed a simulation tool called SIMPSON. Thereby, we can observe the performance of query processing within the context of different response times of the underlying digital library services in the Web, with different kinds of user queries, and with different sizes of query results. To evaluate and compare the performance of different query processing and duplicate detection strategies we developed metrics, particularly with regard to user satisfaction. We present results from our first experiments with SIMPSON, focusing on duplicate detection, query specification, and Web server performance of the underlying digital library services. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Digital libraries

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