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作者： Ramachandran, Umakishore Hong, Kirak Iftode, Liviu Jain, Ramesh Kumar, Rajnish Rothermel, Kurt Shin, Junsuk Sivakumar, Raghupathy College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Department of Computer Science Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 United States School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California at Irvine Irvine CA 92697-3425 United States Weyond Princeton NJ 08540 United States University of Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart Germany School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States

Sensors of various modalities and capabilities, especially cameras, have become ubiquitous in our environment. Their intended use is wide ranging and encompasses surveillance, transportation, entertainment, education, healthcare, emergency response, disaster recovery, and the like. Technological advances and the low cost of such sensors enable deployment of large-scale camera networks in large metropolises such as London and New York. Multimedia algorithms for analyzing and drawing inferences from video and audio have also matured tremendously in recent times. Despite all these advances, large-scale reliable systems for media-rich sensor-based applications, often classified as situation-awareness applications, are yet to become commonplace. Why is that? There are several forces at work here. First, the system abstractions are just not at the right level for quickly prototyping such applications on a large scale. Second, while Moore's law has held true for predicting the growth of processing power, the volume of data that applications are called upon to handle is growing similarly, if not faster. Enormous amount of sensing data is continually generated for real-time analysis in such applications. Further, due to the very nature of the application domain, there are dynamic and demanding resource requirements for such analyses. The lack of right set of abstractions for programing such applications coupled with their data-intensive nature have hitherto made realizing reliable large-scale situation-awareness applications difficult. Incidentally, situation awareness is a very popular but ill-defined research area that has attracted researchers from many different fields. In this paper, we adopt a strong systems perspective and consider the components that are essential in realizing a fully functional situation-awareness system. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Smart Grid Consumer-Provider Relationship Analysis Using System Modeling Approach

Smart Grid Consumer-Provider Relationship Analysis Using Sys...

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social computing (CPSCom) Green computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Omar Alriyami Husam Suleiman Davor Svetinovic Hatem Zeineldin Computing and Information Science Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada Electrical and Power Engineering Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi UAE

ISBN: (纸本)9781467351461

One of the main goals in the smart grid development is the continuous evolution of the smart grid as a cyber-physical system to accommodate electricity storage, provide safe power delivery, accommodate the needs of the local communities, facilitate the integration of innovative technologies, and enable active participation of consumers. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the underlying complexities of the relationship between the consumers and providers in the smart grid in order to facilitate its planning and evolution. We elicit and specify the main actors, processes, and sequences of actions that occur in the smart grid to help smart grid designers properly plan its infrastructure and evolution.

关键词： Smart grids Electricity Schedules Conferences Privacy Electronic mail Complexity theory

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Fabrication of CMOS-compatible nanopillars for smart bio-mimetic CMOS image sensors

Fabrication of CMOS-compatible nanopillars for smart bio-mim...

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Annual IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS)

作者： Fayçal Saffih Amro M. Elshurafa Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nathaniel Nelson-Fitzpatrick Stephane Evoy Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University for Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECERF W2-085 University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

In this paper, nanopillars with heights of 1μm to 5μm and widths of 250nm to 500nm have been fabricated with a near room temperature etching process. The nanopillars were achieved with a continuous deep reactive ion etching technique and utilizing PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) and Chromium as masking layers. As opposed to the conventional Bosch process, the usage of the unswitched deep reactive ion etching technique resulted in nanopillars with smooth sidewalls with a measured surface roughness of less than 40nm. Moreover, undercut was nonexistent in the nanopillars. The proposed fabrication method achieves etch rates four times faster when compared to the state-of-the-art, leading to higher throughput and more vertical side walls. The fabrication of the nanopillars was carried out keeping the CMOS process in mind to ultimately obtain a CMOS-compatible process. This work serves as an initial step in the ultimate objective of integrating photo-sensors based on these nanopillars seamlessly along with the controlling transistors to build a complete bio-inspired smart CMOS image sensor on the same wafer.

关键词： Etching Fabrication Silicon Nanobioscience CMOS integrated circuits Biomedical imaging Educational institutions

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Recovery of Sparse Probability Measures via Convex Programming 12

Recovery of Sparse Probability Measures via Convex Programmi...

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Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Mert Piland Laurent El Ghaoui Venkat Chandrasekaran Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480031

We consider the problem of cardinality penalized optimization of a convex function over the probability simplex with additional convex constraints. The classical ?_1 regularizer fails to promote sparsity on the probability simplex since ?_1 norm on the probability simplex is trivially constant. We propose a direct relaxation of the minimum cardinality problem and show that it can be efficiently solved using convex programming. As a first application we consider recovering a sparse probability measure given moment constraints, in which our formulation becomes linear programming, hence can be solved very efficiently. A sufficient condition for exact recovery of the minimum cardinality solution is derived for arbitrary affine constraints. We then develop a penalized version for the noisy setting which can be solved using second order cone programs. The proposed method outperforms known rescaling heuristics based on ?_1 norm. As a second application we consider convex clustering using a sparse Gaussian mixture and compare our results with the well known soft k-means algorithm.

关键词： convex programming Probability Convex function base number Simplex

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Herb 2.0: Lessons learned from developing a mobile manipulator for the home

Herb 2.0: Lessons learned from developing a mobile manipulat...

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作者： Srinivasa, Siddhartha S. Berenson, Dmitry Cakmak, Maya Collet, Alvaro Dogar, Mehmet R. Dragan, Anca D. Knepper, Ross A. Niemueller, Tim Strabala, Kyle Vande Weghe, Mike Ziegler, Julius Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of California Berkeley Berkeley 94703 United States School of Interactive Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Knowledge-based Systems Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany Department of Measurement and Control Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe D-76128 Germany

We present the hardware design, software architecture, and core algorithms of Herb 2.0, a bimanual mobile manipulator developed at the Personal Robotics Lab at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. We have developed Herb 2.0 to perform useful tasks for and with people in human environments. We exploit two key paradigms in human environments: that they have structure that a robot can learn, adapt and exploit, and that they demand general-purpose capability in robotic systems. In this paper, we reveal some of the structure present in everyday environments that we have been able to harness for manipulation and interaction, comment on the particular challenges on working in human spaces, and describe some of the lessons we learned from extensively testing our integrated platform in kitchen and office environments. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Motion planning

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Initial-condition estimation in network synchronization processes: Algebraic and graphical characterizations of the estimator

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Complex Systems 2012年第4期21卷 297-333页

作者： Xue, Mengran Yeung, Enoch Rai, Anurag Roy, Sandip Wan, Yan Warnick, Sean Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of North Texas Denton TX United States Information and Decision Algorithms Laboratories Brigham Young University Provo UT United States

A graph-theoretic analysis of state inference for a class of network synchronization (or diffusive) processes is pursued. Precisely, estimation is studied for a nonrandom initial condition of a canonical synchronization dynamic defined on a graph, from noisy observations at a single network node. By characterizing the maximum-likelihood estimation of the initial condition and the associated Cramer-Rao bound, graph properties are identified (e.g., symmetries, interconnection strengths, spectral measures) that determine (1) whether or not estimation is possible and (2) the quality of the estimate. © 2013 Complex Systems Publications, Inc.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

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A cyber-physical integrated system for application performance and energy management in data centers

A cyber-physical integrated system for application performan...

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International Green computing Conference

作者： Hui Chen PengCheng Xiong Karsten Schwan Ada Gavrilovska ChengZhong Xu Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI USA

Both performance and energy cost are important concerns for current data center operators. Traditionally, however, IT and mechanical engineers have separately optimized the cyber vs. physical aspects of data center operations. In contrast, the work presented in this paper jointly considers both the IT - cyber - and the physical systems in data centers, the eventual goal being to develop performance and power management techniques that holistically operate to control the entire complex of data center installations. Toward this end, we propose a balance of payments model for holistic power and performance management. As an example of coordinated data center management system, the energy-aware cyber-physical system (EaCPS) uses an application controller on the cyber side to guarantee application performance, and on the physical side, it utilizes electric current-aware capacity management (CACM) to smartly place executables to reduce the energy consumption of each chassis present in a data center rack. A web application, representative of a multi-tier web site, is used to evaluate the performance of the controller on the cyber side, the CACM control on the physical side, and of the holistic EaCPS methods in a mid-size, instrumented data center. Results indicate that coordinated EaCPS outperforms the cyber and physical control modules working separately.

关键词： Servers Cooling Blades Virtual machining Resource management Power demand

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Locating malicious nodes for data aggregation in wireless networks

Locating malicious nodes for data aggregation in wireless ne...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Xiaohua Xu Qian Wang Jiannong Cao Peng-Jun Wan Kui Ren Yuanfang Chen Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China School of Software Dalian University of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467307734;9781467307758

Data aggregation, as a primitive communication task in wireless networks, can reduce the communication complexity. However, in-network aggregation usually brings an unavoidable security defect. Some malicious nodes may control a large percentage of the whole network data and compel the network misbehave in an arbitrary manner. Thus, locating the malicious nodes to prevent them from further disaster is a practical challenge for data aggregation schemes. Based on the grouping and localization techniques, we propose a novel integrated protocol to locate malicious nodes. The proposed protocol does not rely on any special hardware and requests only incomplete information of the network from the security schemes. We also conduct simulation study to evaluate the proposed protocol.

关键词： Protocols Wireless sensor networks Aggregates Wireless networks Communication system security Security

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Photonic crystals in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides for photonic applications

Photonic crystals in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides for ...

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2012 Photonics Global Conference, PGC 2012

作者： Jun, Deng Jia Wei Kumar, Vanga Sudheer Png, Ching Eng Bettiol, Andrew A. Danner, Aaron J. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Henan Key Laboratory of Laser and Opto-electric Information Technology Zhengzhou University Henan 450052 China Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117542 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781467325165

Photonic crystals realized in LiNbO3 have a great potential to reduce the size and increase the functionality of integrated optical devices. In order to accomplish these aims, fabrication know-how must be mastered yet it remains relatively uncharted. In this work we report the fabrication and optical characterization of photonic crystal structures in annealed proton exchanged (APE) LiNbO3 waveguides. In our work, channel waveguides were fabricated by photolithography patterning followed by immersing LiNbO 3 wafers in molten benzoic acid at 235°C for 5 h. The thickness and the composition profiles of the APE waveguides were measured using the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) method. The experimental characterization of the photonic crystal waveguides was performed and a photonic stop band with good sharpness can be observed from the transmission spectra. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Niobium compounds

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Multi(Uni)cast DCCP for live content distribution with P2P support

Multi(Uni)cast DCCP for live content distribution with P2P s...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Leandro Melo de Sales Rafael de Amorim Silva Hyggo O. Almeida Angelo Perkusich Computing Institute-IC Federal University of Alagoas Maceio Alagoas Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering Aeronautics Institute of Technology Brazil Center of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Paraiba Brazil

Real time multimedia content transmission on the Internet is essential for the most current applications such as voice over IP, video conference, games and web TV. The most popular Internet transport protocols - TCP and UDP - do not suffice when one needs to transmit data from these applications. As a consequence, IETF has been working in new transport protocols that enhance the quality of these multimedia applications. Among all these protocols, DCCP (RFC 4340) is the most effective for multimedia content transmission on the Internet. However, DCCP is not effective in scenarios with many receivers nodes and one sender node. Therefore, this work proposes the Mult(Uni)cast DCCP, a DCCP variant that enables the multimedia data transmission from one to various nodes and supporting non-reliable traffic congestion control. The MU-DCCP uses either multicast or unicast flows according to the network support and data sharing among receiver nodes. The obtained results show that the usage of the MU-DCCP significantly reduces the data congestion in the network while improving the application scalability in terms of the number of receiver nodes.

关键词： Multimedia communication Relays Protocols Receivers Transmitters Streaming media Internet

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