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IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： D.M. Wilkes Stan Franklin Erdem Erdemir Stephen Gordon Steve Strain Karen Miller Kazuhiko Kawamura Center of Intelligent Systems and Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University USA Cognitive Computing Research Group Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis Memphis TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University USA Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University USA Cognitive Computing Research Group Institute of Intelligent Systems University of Memphis USA Clinical Research Operations for Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University USA Center of Intelligent Systems and Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

A dream of humanoid robot researchers is to develop a complete “human-like” (whatever that means) artificial agent both in terms of body and brain. We now have seen an increasing number of humanoid robots (such as Honda's ASIMO, Aldebaran's Nao and many others). These, however, display only a limited number of cognitive skills in terms of perception, learning and decision-making. On the other hand, brain research has begun to produce computational models such as LIDA. In this paper, we propose an intermediate approach for body-brain integration in a form of a scenario-based distributed system. Busy hospital Emergency departments (ED) are concerned with shortening the waiting times of patients, with relieving overburdened triage team physicians, nurses and medics, and with reducing the number of mistakes. Here we propose a system of cognitive robots and a supervisor, dubbed the TriageBot System that would gather both logistical and medical information, as well as take diagnostic measurements, from an incoming patient for later use by the triage team. TriageBot would also give tentative, possible diagnoses to the triage nurse, along with recommendations for non-physician care Some of the robots in the TriageBot System would be humanoid in form, but it is not necessary that all of them take this form. Advances in humanoid robotic design, in sensor technology, and in cognitive control architectures make such a system feasible, at least in principle.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Robot kinematics computer architecture Humanoid robots Pain

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Cognitive models of causal inferences using causation networks

Cognitive models of causal inferences using causation networ...

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IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Yingxu Wang International Institute of Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing IICICC Theoretical and Empirical Software Engineering Research Centre TESERC Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Causal inference is one of the central capabilities of the natural intelligence that plays a crucial role in thought, perception, reasoning, and problem solving. This paper presents a set of cognitive models for causation analyses and causal inferences. The taxonomy and mathematical models of causations are created. The framework and properties of causal inferences are elaborated. Methodologies for uncertain causal inferences are discussed. The formalization of causal inference methodologies enables machines to mimic complex human reasoning mechanisms in cognitive informatics, cognitive computing, and computational intelligence.

关键词： Uncertainty Cognition Computational intelligence Cognitive informatics Humans Analytical models Context

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Cognitive computing and World Wide Wisdom (WWW+)

Cognitive computing and World Wide Wisdom (WWW+)

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IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

It is recognized that the key theoretical and technical problems toward the next generation internet are not only a speed issue, but also a more fundamental issue of the increasingly demands for the sharing of computational intelligent capabilities. According to cognitive informatics, the cognitive information that humans acquire, process, retain, and share can be classified into four profound forms known as knowledge, experience, skill, and wisdom. Among them, wisdom is the most advanced cognitive objects, which is a form of natural intelligence of humans that transfers a query or instruction into an action or behavior based on a well developed reasoning and judgment. However, the current Internet is still remains as an information network. Towards the development of next generation Internet as a wisdom network, the World Wide Wisdom (WWW+) network infrastructures and technologies are yet to be sough t on the basis of cognitive informatics and cognitive computers. In WWW+, each node is a cognitive computer (CC), which is a form of autonomous and intelligent computers that think, perceive, and learn. CC enables the simulation of machinable thought such as computational inferences, reasoning, and causality analyses by autonomous inferences and perceptions mimicking the mechanisms of the brain [3, 15]. The cognitive learning engine of a CC is an autonomous learning system that enables machines learn in natural languages and symbolic notations. The cognitive search engine of a CC is a machine-learning-based search system that results in cognitive knowledge acquisitions and manipulations. On the basis of the development of CCs, the next generation internet, WWW+, will be developed as a world-wide intelligent network for knowledge processing, autonomous learning, and machine-supported problem solving. The theoretical foundations for WWW+ and cognitive computing are cognitive informatics, with underpinning contemporary denotational mathematics, such as concept algebra, sy

关键词： Cognitive informatics Algebra Computational intelligence World Wide Web computers Software engineering Software

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Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution with practical light sources

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Physical Review A 2010年第2期81卷 022310-022310页

作者： Marcos Curty Xiongfeng Ma Bing Qi Tobias Moroder ETSI Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo Campus Universitario E-36310 Vigo (Pontevedra) Spain Institute for Quantum Computing & Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo N2L 3G1 Waterloo Ontario Canada Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto M5S 3G4 Toronto Ontario Canada Quantum Information Theory Group Institute of Theoretical Physics I University of Erlangen-Nürnberg D-91058 Erlangen Germany Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light D-91058 Erlangen Germany

Decoy states have been proven to be a very useful method for significantly enhancing the performance of quantum key distribution systems with practical light sources. Although active modulation of the intensity of the laser pulses is an effective way of preparing decoy states in principle, in practice passive preparation might be desirable in some scenarios. Typical passive schemes involve parametric down-conversion. More recently, it has been shown that phase-randomized weak coherent pulses (WCP) can also be used for the same purpose [M. Curty et al., Opt. Lett. 34, 3238 (2009).] This proposal requires only linear optics together with a simple threshold photon detector, which shows the practical feasibility of the method. Most importantly, the resulting secret key rate is comparable to the one delivered by an active decoy-state setup with an infinite number of decoy settings. In this article we extend these results, now showing specifically the analysis for other practical scenarios with different light sources and photodetectors. In particular, we consider sources emitting thermal states, phase-randomized WCP, and strong coherent light in combination with several types of photodetectors, like, for instance, threshold photon detectors, photon number resolving detectors, and classical photodetectors. Our analysis includes as well the effect that detection inefficiencies and noise in the form of dark counts shown by current threshold detectors might have on the final secret key rate. Moreover, we provide estimations on the effects that statistical fluctuations due to a finite data size can have in practical implementations.

关键词： Photodetectors

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Robust Low-Rank Subspace Segmentation with Semidefinite Guarantees

Robust Low-Rank Subspace Segmentation with Semidefinite Guar...

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IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDM Workshops)

作者： Yuzhao Ni Ju Sun Xiaotong Yuan Shuicheng Yan Loong-Fah Cheong School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore Interactive & Digital Media Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Recently there is a line of research work proposing to employ Spectral Clustering (SC) to segment (group) high-dimensional structural data such as those (approximately) lying on subspaces or low-dimensional manifolds. By learning the affinity matrix in the form of sparse reconstruction, techniques proposed in this vein often considerably boost the performance in subspace settings where traditional SC can fail. Despite the success, there are fundamental problems that have been left unsolved: the spectrum property of the learned affinity matrix cannot be gauged in advance, and there is often one ugly symmetrization step that post-processes the affinity for SC input. Hence we advocate to enforce the symmetric positive semidefinite constraint explicitly during learning (Low-Rank Representation with Positive SemiDefinite constraint, or LRR-PSD), and show that factually it can be solved in an exquisite scheme efficiently instead of general-purpose SDP solvers that usually scale up poorly. We provide rigorous mathematical derivations to show that, in its canonical form, LRR-PSD is equivalent to the recently proposed Low-Rank Representation (LRR) scheme, and hence offer theoretic and practical insights to both LRR-PSD and LRR, inviting future research. As per the computational cost, our proposal is at most comparable to that of LRR, if not less. We validate our theoretic analysis and optimization scheme by experiments on both synthetic and real data sets.

关键词： Robustness Minimization Kernel Symmetric matrices Optimization Noise Clustering algorithms

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Robust Decoupling Techniques to Extend quantum Coherence in Diamond

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第20期105卷 200402-200402页

作者： C. A. Ryan J. S. Hodges D. G. Cory Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo ON N2J 2W9 Canada

We experimentally demonstrate over 2 orders of magnitude increase in the room-temperature coherence time of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by implementing decoupling techniques. We show that equal pulse spacing decoupling performs just as well as nonperiodic Uhrig decoupling and also allows us to take advantage of revivals in the echo to explore the longest coherence times. At short times, we can extend the coherence of particular quantum states out from T2*=2.7 μs out to an effective T2>340 μs. For preserving arbitrary states we show the experimental importance of using pulse sequences that compensate the imperfections of individual pulses for all input states through judicious choice of the phase of the pulses. We use these compensated sequences to enhance the echo revivals and show a coherence time of over 1.6 ms in ultrapure natural abundance C13 diamond.

关键词： Diamonds

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Simulation, design, and characterization of electrically-pumped VECSELs for future passive modelocking

Simulation, design, and characterization of electrically-pum...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： M. Hoffmann Y. Barbarin W.P. Pallmann D.J.H.C. Maas P. Kreuter B. Witzigmann M. Golling T. Südmeyer U. Keller Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Computational Electronics and Photonics Group University of Kassel Germany

An ultrafast electrically-pumped VECSEL design requires an acceptable trade-off in cw output power. Validating our design guidelines and simulations 120 mW cw output power are generated. Homogenous current injection i... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528896

关键词： Power generation Biomedical optical imaging Optical pumping Laser modes Gallium arsenide Ultrafast optics Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Doping Stimulated emission Semiconductor lasers

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Stylized motion generalization through adaptation of velocity profiles

Stylized motion generalization through adaptation of velocit...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN 2010

作者： Gielniak, Michael J. Liu, C. Karen Thomaz, Andrea L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 777 Atlantic Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30332 United States School of Interactive Computing Georgia Institute of Technology 85 5th St. NE Atlanta GA 30308 United States Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center Georgia Institute of Technology 801 Atlantic Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479917

Stylized motion is prevalent in the field of Human- Robot Interaction (HRI). Robot designers typically hand craft or work with professional animators to design behaviors for a robot that will be communicative or life-like when interacting with a human partner. A challenge is to apply this stylized trajectory in varied contexts (e.g. performing a stylized gesture with different end-effector constraints). The goal of this research is to create useful, task-based motion with variance that spans the reachable space of the robot and satisfies constraints, while preserving the "style" of the original motion. We claim the appropriate representation for adapting and generalizing a trajectory is not in Cartesian or joint angle space, but rather in joint velocity space, which allows for unspecified initial conditions to be supplied by interaction with the dynamic environment. The benefit of this representation is that a single trajectory can be extended to accomplish similar tasks in the world given constraints in the environment. We present quantitative data using a continuity metric to prove that, given a stylized initial trajectory, we can create smoother generalized motion than with traditional techniques such as cyclic-coordinate descent. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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Senior-friendly technologies: Interaction design for senior users

Senior-friendly technologies: Interaction design for senior ...

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28th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in computing Systems, CHI 2010

作者： Duh, Henry Been-Lirn Do, Ellen Yi-Luen Billinghurst, Mark Quek, Francis Chen, Vivian Hsueh-Hua National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore Georgia Institute of Technology College of Architecture School of Interactive Computing 245 Fourth Street Atlanta GA 30332-0155 United States University of Canterbury Human Interface Laboratory Old Maths Building New Zealand Virginnia Tech. Department of Computer Science Center for Human Computer Interaction Blacksburg VA 24061 United States Nanyang Technological University Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information 31 Nanyang Link Singapore 637718 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781605589312

The elderly represent a valid group of users who can potentially benefit greatly from engaging with technology, such as healthcare systems or playing digital games. Yet, less attention has been given to the significance of senior citizens as technology users, as compared to the common younger population. In an effort to fill in the gap, this workshop aims to investigate the design of technology for senior citizens. To provide for more focused, thus more productive discussion, we will use elderly mobile phone games as a case in point here. The overarching objective is to understand what can help to make for better and more meaningful use of interactive applications and technology by the elderly, for instance, games on the mobile phone. © 2010 Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).

关键词： Cellular telephones

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Privacy Protection Mechanisms for Web Service Technology

Privacy Protection Mechanisms for Web Service Technology

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International Conference on Software engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)

作者： Diego Garcia David S Allison Miriam Capretz M Beatriz F Toledo Institute of Computing State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Western Ontario London Canada Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas SP BR

The successful use of Web service technology in areas such as healthcare and government depends on its support to privacy preservation. As there is currently no privacy standard for Web services, several solutions have recently been proposed in the literature to deal with privacy in Web services. However, there is no solution that provides a suitable mechanism to describe privacy properties in Web services. When loosely-coupled components are involved, such as in Web service environments, a rich description of components is needed to determine whether they can interact in a manner that preserves privacy. The goal of this paper is to present privacy protection mechanisms for Web services, which use policies defined in the Web Services Policy Framework (WS-Policy) and an ontology defined in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) in order to support Web service interactions with suitable privacy preservation levels.

关键词： Protection Web services OWL Service oriented architecture Ontologies Data privacy Government XML Data security Software engineering

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