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IEEE Toronto International Conference on Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH)

作者： Zhizhong Yan A. Hamed Majedi Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Institute of Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438778

The recent advancement on niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have drawn considerable attentions by many of their particular figures of merit. In this work, we report our experimental efforts resulting from combinations of dc, RF/microwave and optoelectronic characterizations of this device. The dc IV measurement is under-taken in the full voltage bias range and four distinct regimes are recognized and discussed. The kinetic inductance measurement allows us to gain insights on the electrical properties of the NbN nanowire. An equivalent circuitry model is constructed and simulated for the photoresponse in the course of RF/Microwave S-parameter measurement. The simulated photoresponse qualitatively agrees with the experimental results. Finally we apply continuous wave irradiation to investigate the optical interactions with superconducting nanowires. A relationship between chemical potential and optical power and wavelength has been experimentally confirmed. Two regimes have been identified and physically modeled. The comparison with experimental results displays a good agreement.

关键词： Superconducting microwave devices Detectors Radio frequency Circuit simulation Niobium compounds Voltage Kinetic theory Inductance measurement Microwave circuits Scattering parameters

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Prospects of guided-wave superconductive optoelectronic devices

Prospects of guided-wave superconductive optoelectronic devi...

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IEEE Toronto International Conference on Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH)

作者： Behnood G. Ghamsari A. Hamed Majedi Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Institute of Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438778

This paper studies the prospects of guided-wave superconducting optoelectronic devices as a platform for ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive optoelectronics. We will introduce waveguide and traveling-wave devices as two main classes of guided-wave optoelectronic devices and highlight the advantages and the new possibilities they offer. The key challenges in regard to the design and fabrication of these devices are addressed and promising directions for future progress are introduced.

关键词： Superconductivity Optoelectronic devices Superconducting photodetectors Superconducting microwave devices Superconducting transmission lines Microwave technology High temperature superconductors Josephson junctions Radio frequency Superconducting devices

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Design and performance analysis of a DRAM-based statistics counter array architecture

Design and performance analysis of a DRAM-based statistics c...

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2009 Symposium on Architecture for Networking and Communications Systems, ANCS'09

作者： Zhao, Haiquan Wang, Hao Lin, Bill Xu, Jun College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586304

The problem of maintaining efficiently a large number (say millions) of statistics counters that need to be updated at very high speeds (e.g. 40 Gb/s) has received considerable research attention in recent years. This problem arises in a variety of router management and data streaming applications where large arrays of counters are used to track various network statistics and implement various counting sketches. It proves too costly to store such large counter arrays entirely in SRAM while DRAM is viewed as too slow for providing wirespeed updates at such high speeds. In this paper, we propose a DRAM-based counter architecture that can effectively maintain wirespeed updates to large counter arrays. The proposed approach is based on the observation that modern commodity DRAM architectures, driven by aggressive performance roadmaps for consumer applications (e.g. video games), have advanced architecture features that can be exploited to make a DRAM-based solution practical. In particular, we propose a randomized DRAM architecture that can harness the performance of modern commodity DRAM offerings by interleaving counter updates to multiple memory banks. The proposed architecture makes use of a simple randomization scheme, a small cache, and small request queues to statistically guarantee a near-perfect load-balancing of counter updates to the DRAM banks. The statistical guarantee of the proposed scheme is proven using a novel combination of convex ordering and large deviation theory. Our proposed counter scheme can support arbitrary increments and decrements at wirespeed, and it can support different number representations, including both integer and floating point number representations. © 2010 ACM.

关键词： Statistics

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Measuring and compensating for process mismatch-induced, reference spurs in phase-locked loops using a sub-sampled DSP

Measuring and compensating for process mismatch-induced, ref...

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2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2009

作者： Zhuo, Gao Kesharwani, Divya Chiang, Patrick Weiwu, Hu Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Oregon State University Corvallis OR United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438280

A DSP method based on sub-sampling followed by M-point FFT of the sub-sampled signal is used to reduce the phase-locked loop's reference spur. To validate the system's effectiveness a digital calibration loop in SIMULINK is designed. The results show that the reference spur can be improved by 22dBc with a 1% residual current mismatch and a 1nA net value of leakage current. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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A low latency transceiver macro with robust design technique for processor interface

A low latency transceiver macro with robust design technique...

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2009 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, A-SSCC 2009

作者： Feng, Zhang Yi, Yang Zongren, Yang Chiang, Patrick Weiwu, Hu Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Oregon State University2 Corvallis OR United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424444342

This paper describes a 65nm 16-bit parallel transceiver IP macro, whose bandwidth is 4.8GByte/s with 5pf load including the HBM: 2000v ESD protection. Equalizers and CDR modules, CRC checkers and 8b/10b encoders are not added in the design for reducing the latency and the whole latency is 7ns without cables. Since the transceiver has many robust features including a PVT independent PLL with calibrations, the low skew differential clock tree, a stable current mode driver with common mode feedback. The transceiver can tolerance 20% power supply variations and work properly at different process corners and the extreme temperatures. The transceiver can be applied for the interface of sub-100nm high performance processors which require low latency and high stability. The transceiver shows a BER less than 10-15 at 3Gb/s/pin. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Transceivers

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Decoherence in Adiabatic quantum Evolution: Application to Cooper Pair Pumping

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第3期105卷 030401-030401页

作者： J. P. Pekola V. Brosco M. Möttönen P. Solinas A. Shnirman Low Temperature Laboratory Aalto University P.O. Box 13500 FI-00076 Aalto Finland Dipartimento di Fisica Universita’ di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale A. Moro 2 00185 Roma Italy Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76128 Karlsruhe Germany ISC-CNR Via dei Taurini 19 00185 Roma Italy Department of Applied Physics/COMP Aalto University P.O. Box 15100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computer Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76128 Karlsruhe Germany DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

One of the challenges of adiabatic control theory is the proper inclusion of the effects of dissipation. Here we study the adiabatic dynamics of an open two-level quantum system deriving a generalized master equation to consistently account for the combined action of the driving and dissipation. We demonstrate that in the zero-temperature limit the ground state dynamics is not affected by environment. As an example, we apply our theory to Cooper pair pumping, which demonstrates the robustness of ground state adiabatic evolution.

关键词： Ground state

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Sub- 15 nm nanoimprint molds and pattern transfer

Sub- 15 nm nanoimprint molds and pattern transfer

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作者： Morecroft, Debbie Yang, Joel K. W. Schuster, S. Berggren, Karl K. Xia, Qiangfei Wu, Wei Williams, R. Stanley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Information and Quantum Systems Lab Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA 94304 United States

This work addresses the challenges in fabricating sub- 10 nm sized features, dense (sub- 15 nm half-pitch) arbitrary-pattern nanoimprint molds, as well as pattern transfer of the molds using nanoimprint. The molds were fabricated using an optimized electron-beam lithography process with hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist. Two different mold-processing routes were investigated: (1) HSQ patterns on top of a silicon substrate were directly used for nanoimprint and (2) the HSQ patterns on the mold were transferred into the underlying silicon substrate to increase the aspect ratio of the patterns prior to imprint. After the nanoimprint, lift-off was carried out to demonstrate that the pattern could be transferred into functional materials. The difference between the two mold-processing routes is discussed. The results show excellent resolution transfer throughout the process flow to create sub- 15 nm half-pitch patterns in functional materials. © 2009 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Molds

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Critical perspectives on large-scale distributed applications and production grids

Critical perspectives on large-scale distributed application...

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2009 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid computing, Grid 2009

作者： Jha, Shantenu Katz, Daniel S. Parashar, Manish Rana, Omer Weissman, Jon Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University United States Department of Computer Science Louisiana State University United States e-Science Institute University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Computation Institute University of Chicago United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University United States NSF Center for Autonomic Computing Rutgers University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University United States Department of Computer Science Cardiff University United States Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424451494

It is generally accepted that the ability to develop large-scale distributed applications that are extensible and independent of infrastructure details has lagged seriously behind other developments in cyberinfrastructure. As the sophistication and scale of distributed infrastructure increases, the complexity of successfully developing and deploying distributed applications increases both quantitatively and in qualitatively newer ways. In this paper we trace the evolution of a representative set of "state-of-the-art" distributed applications and production infrastructure;in doing so we aim to provide insight into the evolving sophistication of distributed applications - from simple generalizations of legacy static high-performance to applications composed of multiple loosely-coupled and dynamic components. The ultimate aim of this work is to highlight that even accounting for the fact that developing applications for distributed infrastructure is a difficult undertaking, there are suspiciously few novel and interesting distributed applications that utilize production Grid infrastructure. Along the way, we aim to provide an appreciation for the fact that developing distributed applications and the theory and practise of production Grid infrastructure have often not progressed in phase. Progress in the next phase and generation of distributed applications will require stronger coupling between the design and implementation of production infrastructure and the theory of distributed applications, including but not limited to explicit support for distributed application usage modes and advances that enable distributed applications to scale-out. © 2009 IEEE.

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uStream: A user-level stream protocol over InfiniBand

uStream: A user-level stream protocol over InfiniBand

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15th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS '09

作者： Lin, Yao Han, Jizhong Gao, Jinjun He, Xubin Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539003

As one of the most popular high speed networks, InfiniBand demonstrates several enhanced features, such as RDMA and zero-copy mechanisms, which offer high bandwidth and low latency. Communication stacks IPoIB and SDP (Sockets Direct Protocol) have been proposed on InfiniBand for sockets based applications to take advantage of these features. However, these protocols are inefficient to utilize the performance capabilities provided by the physical network. In order to fully exploit the high performance of InfiniBand, we present uStream, a relatively simple and efficient protocol on the user-level socket layer with a stream interface to enable RDMA capability and zero-copy mechanism. Experiment results have shown that the performance of uStream is comparable to raw InfiniBand Verbs/RDMA interface, and uStream outperforms SDP with 7.9μs minimum latency and 10.4Gbps peak bandwidth in our testbed. In addition, a Java communication library, jStream, is built upon uStream to enable Java to use RDMA directly. Preliminary results have shown Java clusters communication performance has been improved to a level similar to C programs over InfiniBand through combined uStream and jStream. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： HIgh speed networks

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Image-based automatic object localisation in iSpace environment

Image-based automatic object localisation in iSpace environm...

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10th International Symposium of Hungarian Researchers on Computational Intelligence and Informatics, CINTI 2009

作者： Zanaty, Péter Korondi, Péter Sziebig, Gábor Jeni, László A. Department of Scientific Computing Narvik University College Electrical Engineering and Space technology Hungary Department of Mechatronics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Optics and Applied Informatics Hungary Computer and Automation Research Institute Japan Department of Industrial Engineering Narvik University College Norway Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Japan

Localization is a fundamental task in mobile robotics and in indoor environments we can use various sensors to solve this problem. In the Intelligent Space environment we can use laser range finders or ultrasonic positioning systems to localize and track mobile robots. Nevertheless, our final goal is to substitute these sensors and accomplish this task using just cameras. In this paper, we show the feasibility of determining the robot's location based on the images received from a single camera. In our experimental room we used a surveillance camera, which can be controlled to pan/tilt in order to change the point of view. The camera had been mounted on the ceiling and six preset positions were selected to cover the whole area. The object recognition is based on colour space filtering and contour detection. Finally, the contours of the detected objects are transformed from the image space to the world coordinate system and the polygons are reduced to simpler ones. The system is able to detect not only the position of the objects, but their orientations.

关键词： Cameras

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