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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mou, Yicheng Chen, Haonan Liu, Jiaqi Lan, Qing Wang, Jiayu Zhang, Chuanxin Wang, Yuxiang Gu, Jiaming Zhao, Tuoyu Jiang, Xue Shi, Wu Zhang, Cheng State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University Shanghai201210 China

Transport probes the motion of quasiparticles in response to external excitations. Apart from the well-known electric and thermoelectric transport, acoustoelectric transport induced by traveling acoustic waves has been rarely explored. Here, by adopting a hybrid nanodevices integrated with piezoelectric substrates, we establish a simple design of acoustoelectric transport with gate tunability. We fabricate dual-gated acoustoelectric devices based on BNencapsuled graphene on LiNbO3. Longitudinal and transverse acoustoelectric voltages are generated by launching pulsed surface acoustic wave. The gate dependence of zero-field longitudinal acoustoelectric signal presents strikingly similar profiles as that of Hall resistivity, providing a valid approach for extracting carrier density without magnetic field. In magnetic fields, acoustoelectric quantum oscillations appear due to Landau quantization, which are more robust and pronounced than Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. Our work demonstrates a feasible acoustoelectric setup with gate tunability, which can be extended to the broad scope of various Van der Waals materials. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

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Self-supervised representation learning for Bayesian quantum architecture search

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Physical Review A 2025年第3期111卷 032403-032403页

作者： Zhimin He Hongxiang Chen Yan Zhou Haozhen Situ Yongyao Li Lvzhou Li School of Electronic and Information Engineering Foshan University Foshan 528000 China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Foshan University Foshan 528000 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Inspection Technology Foshan University Foshan 528000 China College of Mathematics and Informatics South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Foshan University Foshan 528225 China Institute of Quantum Computing and Software School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong) Shenzhen 518045 China

quantum architecture search (QAS) has shown significant promise in automating quantum circuit design for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). However, a central challenge remains in the high computational cost of evaluating the ground-truth performance of numerous circuit architectures during the search process. This challenge is further complicated by factors such as inefficient gradient computation, the barren plateau phenomenon, and frequent data exchange between classical and quantum systems within VQAs, all of which restrict the scalability of QAS for increasingly complex VQAs. In this study, we propose an enhanced QAS framework that integrates a performance predictor trained through self-supervised learning with Bayesian optimization to overcome these computational barriers. To address the challenges of circuit performance evaluation, we develop a graph-isomorphism-network-based predictor pretrained using expressibility prediction, an intrinsic measure of a circuit's capacity to explore the Hilbert space uniformly. This pretraining process creates a structured and smooth latent space, significantly improving the predictor's accuracy and generalizability with minimal labeled data. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization is integrated into the QAS framework to refine the predictor iteratively, concentrating the search on regions containing high-performance circuits and thus accelerating the search process. Simulation results for VQAs involving the variational quantum eigensolver and quantum approximate optimization algorithm demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves faster convergence to optimal circuits and substantially reduces computational costs compared to existing QAS methods.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Characterization of State-Preparation Uncertainty in quantum Key Distribution

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第1期19卷 014048-014048页

作者： Anqi Huang Akihiro Mizutani Hoi-Kwong Lo Vadim Makarov Kiyoshi Tamaki Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People’s Republic of China Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L5 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People’s Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To achieve secure quantum key distribution, all imperfections in the source unit must be incorporated in a security proof and measured in the lab. Here we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the experimental techniques for characterizing the source phase and intensity fluctuation in commercial quantum key distribution systems. When we apply the measured phase-fluctuation intervals to the security proof that takes into account fluctuations in the state preparation, it predicts a key distribution distance of over 100km of fiber. The measured intensity fluctuation intervals are, however, so large that the proof predicts zero key, indicating a source improvement may be needed. Our characterization methods pave the way for a future certification standard.

关键词： Fluctuations & noise Optical quantum information processing quantum cryptography quantum engineering quantum state engineering

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Steady-state dynamics and nonlocal correlations in thermoelectric Cooper pair splitters

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Arora, Arnav Midha, Siddhant Zyuzin, Alexander Hakonen, Pertti Muralidharan, Bhaskaran Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Low Temperature Laboratory Department of Applied Physics Aalto University PO Box 15100 EspooFI-00076 Finland QTF Centre of Excellence Department of Applied Physics Aalto University PO Box 15100 EspooFI-00076 Finland Center of Excellence in Quantum Information Computing Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India

Recent experiments on Cooper pair splitters using superconductor-quantum dot hybrids have embarked on creating entanglement in the solid-state, by engineering the sub-gap processes in the superconducting region. Using the thermoelectric Cooper pair splitter setup [Nat. Comm., 12, 21, (2021)] as a prototype, we present a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental components of the observed transport signal, aiming to critically clarify the operating regimes and confirm the nonlocal and nonclassical nature of correlations arising from crossed Andreev processes. By making a nexus with quantum discord, we identify operating points of nonlocal quantum correlations in the CPS device—information that cannot be extracted from the transport signal alone. A notable consequence of our analysis is the finding that contact-induced level broadening of the quantum dot’s discrete energy spectrum, along with its hybridization with the superconducting segment, can lead to shifted resonances in the crossed Andreev process as well as a parity reversal in the thermoelectric current. Our work thereby provides detailed insights into the gate voltage control of the quantum correlations in superconducting-hybrid Cooper pair splitters, revealing new avenues for harnessing quantum correlations in solid-state systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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Defending against a laser-seeding attack on continuous-variable quantum key distribution using an improved optical power limiter

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Physical Review A 2023年第5期108卷 052616-052616页

作者： Qingquan Peng Binwu Gao Dongyang Wang Qin Liao Zhiyue Zuo Hai Zhong Anqi Huang Ying Guo School of Automation Central South University Changsha 410083 China Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Laser-seeding attack enables an attacker to control the source output and eavesdrops on the key information, compromising the security of the continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) system. In this paper, we suggest an improved optical power limiter (OPL) to defend against a laser-seeding attack on CV QKD systems. The proposed OPL utilizes a temperature monitor to detect Eve's attacks through temperature changes, providing an effective optical component for improving the security and reliability of the CV QKD system in practical environments, which is called an OPL-T scheme. In particular, we consider the security threats of a laser-seeding attack on two common CV QKD systems and prove their theoretical security degradation. Experiments are conducted to verify the effective OPL-T, and the results show that this defense scheme has an advantage in resisting the laser-seeding attack. Numerical simulations demonstrate the security analysis on CV QKD equipped with an OPL-T, which further confirms the effectiveness of our scheme. This work provides a practical solution for the security enhancements of continuous-variable quantum communication in practical applications.

关键词： quantum communication quantum communication, protocols & technology

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A method of generating random bits by using electronic bipolar memristor

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第4期29卷 535-540页

作者： Bin-Bin Yang Nuo Xu Er-Rui Zhou Zhi-Wei Li Cheng Li Pin-Yun Yi Liang Fang Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

The intrinsic stochasticity of resistance switching process is one of the holdblocks for using memristor as a fundamental element in the next-generation nonvolatile ***,such a weakness can be used as an asset for generating the random bits,which is valuable in a hardware security *** this work,a forming-free electronic bipolar Pt/Ti/Ta2O5/Pt memristor is successfully fabricated to investigate the merits of generating random bits in such a *** resistance switching mechanism of the fabricated device is ascribed to the electric field conducted electrons trapping/de-trapping in the deep-energy-level traps produced by the"oxygen grabbing"*** stochasticity of the electrons trapping/detrapping governs the random distribution of the set/reset switching voltages of the device,making a single memristor act as a random bit in which the resistance of the device represents information and the applied voltage pulse serves as the triggering *** physical implementation of such a random process provides a method of generating the random bits based on memristors in hardware security applications.

关键词： memristor resistance switching electrons trapping/de-trapping random bits

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Observation of a Superradiant Phase Transition with Emergent Cat States

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113601-113601页

作者： Ri-Hua Zheng Wen Ning Ye-Hong Chen Jia-Hao Lü Li-Tuo Shen Kai Xu Yu-Ran Zhang Da Xu Hekang Li Yan Xia Fan Wu Zhen-Biao Yang Adam Miranowicz Neill Lambert Dongning Zheng Heng Fan Franco Nori Shi-Biao Zheng Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Quantum Information Physics Theory Research Team RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC) Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University 61-614 Poznań Poland Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA

Superradiant phase transitions (SPTs) are important for understanding light-matter interactions at the quantum level, and play a central role in criticality-enhanced quantum sensing. So far, SPTs have been observed in driven-dissipative systems, but the emergent light fields did not show any nonclassical characteristic due to the presence of strong dissipation. Here we report an experimental demonstration of the SPT featuring the emergence of a highly nonclassical photonic field, realized with a resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit, implementing the quantum Rabi model. We fully characterize the light-matter state by Wigner matrix tomography. The measured matrix elements exhibit quantum interference intrinsic of a photonic mesoscopic superposition, and reveal light-matter entanglement.

关键词： quantum entanglement quantum foundations quantum phase transitions Superradiance & subradiance

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Towards quantum Federated Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ren, Chao Yan, Rudai Zhu, Huihui Yu, Han Xu, Minrui Shen, Yuan Xu, Yan Xiao, Ming Dong, Zhao Yang Skoglund, Mikael Niyato, Dusit Kwek, Leong Chuan School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Division of Information Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden City University of Hong Kong China Center for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore Nanyang Technological University Singapore

quantum Federated Learning (QFL) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that merges the principles of quantum computing (QC) and Federated Learning (FL), with the goal of leveraging quantum technologies to enhance privacy, security, and efficiency in the learning process. Currently, there is no comprehensive survey for this interdisciplinary field. This review offers a thorough, holistic examination of QFL. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles, techniques, and emerging applications of QFL. We discuss the current state of research in this rapidly evolving field, identify challenges and opportunities associated with integrating these technologies, and outline future directions and open research questions. We propose a unique taxonomy of QFL techniques, categorized according to their characteristics and the quantum techniques employed. As the field of QFL continues to progress, we can anticipate further breakthroughs and applications across various industries, driving innovation and addressing challenges related to data privacy, security, and resource optimization. This review serves as a first-of-its-kind comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and advancing the field of QFL. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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Sub-femtonewton force sensing in solution by super-resolved photonic force microscopy (Jun, 10.1038/s41566-024-01462-7, 2024)

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NATURE PHOTONICS 2024年第9期18卷 998-998页

作者： Shan, Xuchen Ding, Lei Wang, Dajing Wen, Shihui Shi, Jinlong Chen, Chaohao Wang, Yang Zhu, Hongyan Huang, Zhaocun Wang, Shen S. J. Zhong, Xiaolan Liu, Baolei Reece, Peter John Ren, Wei Hao, Weichang Lu, Xunyu Lu, Jie Su, Qian Peter Chang, Lingqian Sun, Lingdong Jin, Dayong Jiang, Lei Wang, Fan Beihang University School of Physics Beijing People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.64939.31) (ISNI:0000 0000 9999 1211) University of Technology Sydney School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Sydney Australia (GRID:grid.117476.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7611) RMIT University Centre for Atomaterials and Nanomanufacturing School of Science Melbourne Australia (GRID:grid.1017.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 2163 3550) University of Technology Sydney Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD) School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Science Sydney Australia (GRID:grid.117476.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7611) The Australian National University Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics Canberra Australia (GRID:grid.1001.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 7477) Beihang University Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Ministry of Education) Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beijing People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.64939.31) (ISNI:0000 0000 9999 1211) University of Melbourne Computing and Information Systems Department Melbourne School of Engineering Melbourne Australia (GRID:grid.1008.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 088X) The University of New South Wales School of Physics Sydney Australia (GRID:grid.1005.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4902 0432) Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xi’an People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.412498.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 8395) The University of New South Wales Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering Sydney Australia (GRID:grid.1005.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4902 0432) University of Technology Sydney Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute Faculty of Engineering and IT Sydney Australia (GRID:grid.117476.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7611) University of

Precise force measurement is critical to probe biological events and physics processes, spanning from molecular motor’s motion to the Casimir effect, as well as the detection of gravitational waves. Yet, despite extensive technological developments, the three-dimensional nanoscale measurement of weak forces in aqueous solutions still faces major challenges. Techniques that rely on optically trapped nanoprobes are of significant potential but are beset with limitations, including probe heating induced by high trapping power, undetectable scattering signals and localization errors. Here we report the measurement of the long-distance interaction force in aqueous solutions with a minimum detected force value of 108.2 ± 510.0 attonewton. To achieve this, we develop a super-resolved photonic force microscope based on optically trapped lanthanide-doped nanoparticles coupled with nanoscale three-dimensional tracking-based force sensing. The tracking method leverages neural-network-empowered super-resolution localization, where the position of the force probe is extracted from the optical-astigmatism-modified point spread function. We achieve a force sensitivity down to 1.8 fN Hz–1/2, which approaches the nanoscale thermal limit. We experimentally measure electrophoresis forces acting on single nanoparticles as well as the surface-induced interaction force on a single nanoparticle. This work opens the avenue of nanoscale thermally limited force sensing and offers new opportunities for detecting sub-femtonewton forces over long distances and biomechanical forces at the single-molecule ***-resolved photonic force microscopy employs the fluorescence of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as a force probe, enabling the measurement of sub-femtonewton forces with a sensitivity of 1.8 fN Hz–1/2, approaching the thermal limit.

关键词： Electrophoresis

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Programming Variational quantum Circuits with quantum-Train Agent

Programming Variational Quantum Circuits with Quantum-Train ...

引用

quantum Communications, Networking, and computing (QCNC), International Conference on

作者： Chen-Yu Liu Samuel Yen-Chi Chen Kuan-Cheng Chen Wei-Jia Huang Yen-Jui Chang Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hon Hai (Foxconn) Research Institute Taipei Taiwan Wells Fargo New York NY USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology (QuEST) Imperial College London London UK Quantum Information Center Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City Taiwan Master Program in Intelligent Computing and Big Data Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331531591

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531607

This study introduces the quantum-Train quantum Fast Weight Programmer (QT-QFWP) framework, enabling efficient and scalable programming of variational quantum circuits (VQCs) through quantum-driven parameter updates for the classical slow programmer controlling the fast programmer VQC. By optimizing quantum and classical parameter management, QT-QFWP significantly reduces parameters (by 70–90%) compared to quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) and quantum Fast Weight Programmer (QFWP) while maintaining accuracy. Benchmarking on time-series tasks—including Damped Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), NARMA5, and Simulated Gravitational Waves (GW)—demonstrates superior efficiency and predictive accuracy. QT-QFWP is particularly advantageous for near-term quantum systems, addressing qubit and gate fidelity constraints, enhancing VQC deployment in time-sensitive applications, and expanding quantum computing’s role in machine learning.

关键词： quantum system Accuracy Computational modeling Qubit Neural networks Programming Predictive models quantum circuit Physics Long short term memory

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