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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tatsuta, Mamiko Matsuzaki, Yuichiro Kuji, Hiroki Shimizu, Akira Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo university 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo112-8551 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku Tokyo162-8601 Japan Institute for Photon Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan

Recent advancements in entanglement-based quantum metrology have been significant. A fundamental connection between generalized cat states and sensitivity in quantum metrology has recently been established. Generalized cat states are characterized by an index indicating coherence among macroscopically distinct states. This criterion enables the identification of diverse states as generalized cat states, encompassing classical mixtures of exponentially large numbers of states. However, preparing large generalized cat states remains challenging with current technology. Here we propose a protocol to generate metrologically useful cat states through repetitive measurements on a quantum spin system of N spins, which we call a spin ensemble. The states used as sensors to beat the classical limit are called the metrologically useful cat states, which are well characterized by the index to indicate the coherence between macroscopically distinct states. When the spin ensemble is collectively coupled with an ancillary qubit, it allows for the read out of its total magnetization. Starting from a thermal equilibrium state of the spin ensemble, we demonstrate that we can increase the coherence between the spin ensemble via repetitive measurements of the total magnetization using the ancillary qubit. Notably, our method for creating the metrologically useful cat states requires no control over the spin ensemble. As a potential experimental realization, we discuss a hybrid system composed of a superconducting flux qubit and donor spins in silicon. Our results pave the way for the realization of the entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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Classifying deviation from standard quantum behavior using Kullback-Leibler divergence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wani, Salman Sajad Al-Kuwari, Saif Shi, Xiaoping Chen, Yiting Naqash, Abrar Ahmed Rubab, Seemin Faizal, Mir Kannan, S. Qatar Center for Quantum Computing College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Qatar Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan KelownaBCV1V 1V7 Canada Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India Canadian Quantum Research Center 204-3002 32 Ave VernonBCV1T 2L7 Canada Department of Quantum Science and Technology Research School of Physics The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia

In this letter, we propose a novel statistical method to measure which system is better suited to probe small deviations from the usual quantum behavior. Such deviations are motivated by a number of theoretical and phenomenological motivations, and various systems have been proposed to test them. We propose that measuring deviations from quantum mechanics for a system would be easier if it has a higher Kullback-Leibler divergence. We show this explicitly for a non-local Scrödinger equation and argue that it will hold for any modification to standard quantum behavior. Thus, the results of this letter can be used to classify a wide range of theoretical and phenomenological models. © 2023, CC BY.

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Sub-femtonewton force sensing in solution by super-resolved photonic force microscopy (Jun, 10.1038/s41566-024-01462-7, 2024)

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NATURE PHOTONICS 2024年第9期18卷 998-998页

作者： Shan, Xuchen Ding, Lei Wang, Dajing Wen, Shihui Shi, Jinlong Chen, Chaohao Wang, Yang Zhu, Hongyan Huang, Zhaocun Wang, Shen S. J. Zhong, Xiaolan Liu, Baolei Reece, Peter John Ren, Wei Hao, Weichang Lu, Xunyu Lu, Jie Su, Qian Peter Chang, Lingqian Sun, Lingdong Jin, Dayong Jiang, Lei Wang, Fan School of Physics Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure Hangzhou People’s Republic of China School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Centre for Atomaterials and Nanomanufacturing School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD) School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of Technology Ningbo People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Ministry of Education) Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing People’s Republic of China Computing and Information Systems Department Melbourne School of Engineering University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia School of Physics The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an People’s Republic of China Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology

Precise force measurement is critical to probe biological events and physics processes, spanning from molecular motor’s motion to the Casimir effect, as well as the detection of gravitational waves. Yet, despite extensive technological developments, the three-dimensional nanoscale measurement of weak forces in aqueous solutions still faces major challenges. Techniques that rely on optically trapped nanoprobes are of significant potential but are beset with limitations, including probe heating induced by high trapping power, undetectable scattering signals and localization errors. Here we report the measurement of the long-distance interaction force in aqueous solutions with a minimum detected force value of 108.2 ± 510.0 attonewton. To achieve this, we develop a super-resolved photonic force microscope based on optically trapped lanthanide-doped nanoparticles coupled with nanoscale three-dimensional tracking-based force sensing. The tracking method leverages neural-network-empowered super-resolution localization, where the position of the force probe is extracted from the optical-astigmatism-modified point spread function. We achieve a force sensitivity down to 1.8 fN Hz–1/2, which approaches the nanoscale thermal limit. We experimentally measure electrophoresis forces acting on single nanoparticles as well as the surface-induced interaction force on a single nanoparticle. This work opens the avenue of nanoscale thermally limited force sensing and offers new opportunities for detecting sub-femtonewton forces over long distances and biomechanical forces at the single-molecule level.

关键词： Electrophoresis

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Subspace variational quantum simulator

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Physical Review Research 2023年第2期5卷 023078-023078页

作者： Kentaro Heya Ken M. Nakanishi Kosuke Mitarai Zhiguang Yan Kun Zuo Yasunari Suzuki Takanori Sugiyama Shuhei Tamate Yutaka Tabuchi Keisuke Fujii Yasunobu Nakamura RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Institute for Physics of Intelligence The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Osaka University Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Musashino 180-8585 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan

quantum simulation is one of the key applications of quantum computing, which accelerates research and development in the fields such as chemistry and material science. The recent development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices urges the exploration of applications without the necessity of quantum error correction. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to simulate quantum dynamics driven by a static Hamiltonian on NISQ devices, named subspace variational quantum simulator (SVQS). SVQS employs the subspace-search variational quantum eigensolver (SSVQE) [Phys. Rev. Res. 1, 033062 (2019)] to find a low-lying eigensubspace and extends it to simulate dynamics within the subspace with lower overhead compared to the existing schemes. We experimentally simulate the time-evolution operator in a low-lying eigensubspace of a hydrogen molecule. We also define the subspace process fidelity as a measure between two quantum processes in a subspace. The subspace time evolution mimicked by SVQS shows the subspace process fidelity of 0.896–0.989.

关键词： quantum algorithms quantum algorithms for chemical calculations quantum computation quantum control quantum gates quantum simulation quantum tomography

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Maximal coin-walker entanglement in a ballistic quantum walk

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Rong Yang, Ran Guo, Jian Sun, Chang-Wei Duan, Jia-Chen Zhou, Heng Xie, Zhenda Xu, Ping Gong, Yan-Xiao Zhu, Shi-Ning National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure School of Physics School of Electronic Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication Nanjing210023 China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

We report the position-inhomogeneous quantum walk (IQW) can be utilized to produce the maximal high dimensional entanglement while maintaining the quadratic speedup spread of the wave-function. Our calculations show that the maximal coin-walker entanglement can be generated in any odd steps or asymptotically in even steps, and the nearly maximal entanglement can be obtained in even steps after 2. We implement the IQW by a stable resource-saving time-bin optical network, in which a polarization Sagnac loop is employed to realize the precisely tunable phase shift. Our approach opens up an efficient way for high-dimensional entanglement engineering as well as promotes investigations on the role of coin-walker interactions in QW based applications. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum entanglement

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Crystalline superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junctions for compact superconducting qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Balgley, Jesse Park, Jinho Chu, Xuanjing Arnault, Ethan G. Gustafsson, Martin V. Ranzani, Leonardo Holbrook, Madisen Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Perebeinos, Vasili Hone, James Fong, Kin Chung Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States RTX BBN Technologies Quantum Engineering and Computing Group CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York BuffaloNY14260 United States

The narrow bandgap of semiconductors allows for thick, uniform Josephson junction barriers, potentially enabling reproducible, stable, and compact superconducting qubits. We study vertically stacked van der Waals Josephson junctions with semiconducting weak links, whose crystalline structures and clean interfaces offer a promising platform for quantum devices. We observe robust Josephson coupling across 2–12 nm (3–18 atomic layers) of semiconducting WSe2 and, notably, a crossover from proximity- to tunneling-type behavior with increasing weak link thickness. Building on these results, we fabricate a prototype all-crystalline merged-element transmon qubit with transmon frequency and anharmonicity closely matching design parameters. We demonstrate dispersive coupling between this transmon and a microwave resonator, highlighting the potential of crystalline superconductor-semiconductor structures for compact, tailored superconducting quantum devices. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Josephson junction devices

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Arbitrary coherent distributions in a programmable quantum walk

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Rong Yang, Ran Guo, Jian Sun, Chang-Wei Liu, Yi-Chen Zhou, Heng Xu, Ping Xie, Zhenda Gong, Yan-Xiao Zhu, Shi-Ning National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure School of Physics School of Electronic Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication Nanjing210023 China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

The coherent superposition of position states in a quantum walk (QW) can be precisely engineered towards the desired distributions to meet the need of quantum information applications. The coherent distribution can make full use of quantum parallel in computation and simulation. Particularly, the uniform superposition provides the robust non-locality, which has wide applications such as the generation of genuine multi-bit random numbers without post-processing. We experimentally demonstrate that the rich dynamics featured with arbitrary coherent distributions can be obtained by introducing different sets of the time- and position-dependent operations. Such a QW is realized by a resource-constant and flexible optical circuit, in which the variable operation is executed based on a Sagnac interferometer in an intrinsically stable and precisely controlled way. Our results contribute to the practical realization of quantum-walk-based quantum computation, quantum simulations and quantum information protocols. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum optics

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Scalable algorithm simplification using quantum AND logic

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chu, Ji He, Xiaoyu Zhou, Yuxuan Yuan, Jiahao Zhang, Libo Guo, Qihao Hai, Yongju Han, Zhikun Hu, Chang-Kang Huang, Wenhui Jia, Hao Jiao, Dawei Liu, Yang Ni, Zhongchu Pan, Xianchuang Qiu, Jiawei Wei, Weiwei Yang, Zusheng Zhang, Jiajian Zhang, Zhida Zou, Wanjing Chen, Yuanzhen Deng, Xiaowei Deng, Xiuhao Hu, Ling Li, Jian Tan, Dian Xu, Yuan Yan, Tongxing Sun, Xiaoming Yan, Fei Yu, Dapeng Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China International Quantum Academy Guangdong Shenzhen China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China

Implementing quantum algorithms on realistic hardware requires translating high-level global operations into sequences of native elementary gates, a process known as quantum compiling. Physical limitations, such as constraints in connectivity and gate alphabets, often result in unacceptable implementation costs. To enable successful near-term applications, it is crucial to optimize compilation by exploiting the potential capabilities of existing hardware. Here, we implement a resource-efficient construction for a quantum version of AND logic that can reduce the cost, enabling the execution of key quantum circuits. On a high-scalability superconducting quantum processor, we demonstrate low-depth synthesis of high-fidelity generalized Toffoli gates with up to 8 qubits and Grover's search algorithm in a search space of up to 64 entries;both are the largest such implementations in scale to date. Our experimental demonstration illustrates a scalable implementation of simplifying quantum algorithms, paving the way for larger, more meaningful quantum applications on noisy devices. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum theory

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Distributed exact quantum algorithms for Bernstein-Vazirani and search problems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Xu Qiu, Daowen Luo, Le Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Theory School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519082 China QUDOOR Technologies Inc. Zhuhai519099 China

Distributed quantum computation has gained extensive attention since small-qubit quantum computers seem to be built more practically in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. In this paper, we give a distributed Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm (DBVA) with t computing nodes, and a distributed exact Grover’s algorithm (DEGA) that solve the search problem with only one target item in the unordered databases. Though the designing techniques are simple in the light of BV algorithm, Grover’s algorithm, the improved Grover’s algorithm by Long, and the distributed Grover’s algorithm by Qiu et al, in comparison to BV algorithm, the circuit depth of DBVA is not greater than 2max(n0,n1,··· ,nt−1) + 3 instead of 2n + 3, and the circuit depth of DEGA is 8(n mod 2) + 9, which is less than the circuit depth of Grover’s algorithm, (formula presented). In particular, we provide situations of our DBVA and DEGA on Mindquantum (a quantum software) to validate the correctness and practicability of our methods. By simulating the algorithms running in the depolarized channel, it further illustrates that distributed quantum algorithm has superiority of resisting noise. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum theory

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Scalable flux controllers using adiabatic superconductor logic for quantum processors

引用

Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 013145-013145页

作者： Naoki Takeuchi Taiki Yamae Wenhui Luo Fuminori Hirayama Tsuyoshi Yamamoto Nobuyuki Yoshikawa Research Center for Emerging Computing Technologies National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan NEC-AIST Quantum Technology Cooperative Research Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Secure System Platform Research Laboratories NEC Corporation Kawasaki Kanagawa 211-0011 Japan Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-8501 Japan

quantum processors have the potential to accelerate specific computing tasks but are difficult to scale up due to engineering limitations, such as the number of available cables and cooling power for dilution refrigerators for quantum bits (qubits). Hence, it is very important to develop scalable, energy-efficient interface circuits that can control many qubits via a few control lines inside a dilution refrigerator. One of the most important interface circuits is the flux controller (FC), which generates arbitrary dc flux bias to adjust the characteristics of component devices such as qubits. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate FCs using an energy-efficient superconductor logic family, adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic. We develop two types of FCs: the AQFP FC and the AQFP/single-flux-quantum (AQFP/SFQ) FC. Both FCs require only a few control lines and have extremely small power dissipation, thus exhibiting high scalability. Furthermore, the AQFP/SFQ FC can control flux bias using ballistic SFQ transmission, which is crucial for integration with qubits. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate AQFP and AQFP/SFQ FCs at 4.2 K, fabricated by the AIST high-speed standard process. Our results indicate that AQFP logic is highly suitable for use as qubit interface circuits for very large-scale quantum processors, especially from the viewpoint of the control line count, power dissipation, and amount of supply currents.

关键词： engineering Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Josephson junctions SQUID Superconducting devices

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