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arXiv 2021年

作者： Gündogan, Mustafa Jennewein, Thomas Asadi, Faezeh Kimiaee Ros, Elisa Da Saglamyürek, Erhan Oblak, Daniel Vogl, Tobias Rieländer, Daniel Sidhu, Jasminder Grandi, Samuele Mazzarella, Luca Wallnöfer, Julius Ledingham, Patrick LeBlanc, Lindsay Mazzera, Margherita Mohageg, Makan Wolters, Janik Ling, Alexander Atatüre, Mete de Riedmatten, Hugues Oi, Daniel Simon, Christoph Krutzik, Markus Institüt für Physik Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Institute for Quantum Science and Technology Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary Department of Physics University of Alberta Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Jet Propulsion Lab California Institute of Technology Institut für Theoretische Physik Freie Universität Berlin Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences SUPA Heriot-Watt University Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore

It has recently been theoretically shown that quantum Memories (QM) could enable truly global quantum networking when deployed in space [1, 2] thereby surpassing the limited range of land-based quantum repeaters. Furthermore, QM in space could enable novel protocols and long-range entanglement and teleportation applications suitable for Deep-Space links and extended scenarios for fundamental physics tests. In this white paper we will make the case for the importance of deploying QMs to space, and also discuss the major technical milestones and development stages that will need to be considered. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

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Quingo: A programming framework for heterogeneous quantum-classical computing with NISQ features

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Fu, Xiang Yu, Jintao Su, Xing Jiang, Hanru Wu, Hua Cheng, Fucheng Deng, Xi Zhang, Jinrong Jin, Lei Yang, Yihang Xu, Le Hu, Chunchao Huang, Anqi Huang, Guangyao Qiang, Xiaogang Deng, Mingtang Xu, Ping Xu, Weixia Liu, Wanwei Zhang, Yu Deng, Yuxin Wu, Junjie Feng, Yuan Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou450001 China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Department of Computing Science College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai200062 China Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Centre for Quantum Software and Information University of Technology Sydney Sydney2007 Australia

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Giant domain wall anomalous Hall effect in an antiferromagnet

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xia, Wei Bai, Bo Chen, Xuejiao Yang, Yichen Zhang, Yang Yuan, Jian Li, Qiang Yang, Kunya Liu, Xiangqi Shi, Yang Ma, Haiyang Yang, Huali He, Mingquan Li, Lei Xi, Chuanying Pi, Li Lv, Xiaodong Wang, Xia Liu, Xuerong Li, Shiyan Zhou, Xiaodong Liu, Jianpeng Chen, Yulin Shen, Jian Shen, Dawei Zhong, Zhicheng Wang, Wenbo Guo, Yanfeng School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Low Temperature Physics Lab College of Physics Center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing University Chongqing401331 China Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Hefei230031 China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China College of Physics and Electronic Information Inner Mongolia Normal University 81 Zhaowuda Road Inner Mongolia Hohhot010022 China Analytical Instrumentation Center School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Clarendon Laboratory Department of Physics University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China 42 South Hezuohua Road Anhui Hefei230029 China

Generally, the dissipationless Hall effect in solids requires time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), where TRSB induced by external magnetic field results in ordinary Hall effect, while TRSB caused by spontaneous magnetization gives rise to anomalous Hall effect (AHE) which scales with the net magnetization. The AHE is therefore not expected in antiferromagnets with vanishing small magnetization. However, large AHE was recently observed in certain antiferromagnets with noncolinear spin structure and nonvanishing Berry curvature. Here, we report another origin of AHE in a layered antiferromagnet EuAl2Si2, namely the domain wall (DW) skew scattering with Weyl points near the Fermi level, in experiments for the first time. Interestingly, the DWs form a unique periodic stripe structure with controllable periodicity by external magnetic field, which decreases nearly monotonically from 975 nm at 0 T to 232 nm at 4 T. Electrons incident on DW with topological bound states experience strong asymmetric scattering, leading to a giant AHE, with the DW Hall conductivity (DWHC) at 2 K and 1.2 T reaching a record value of ∼1.51×104 S cm-1 among bulk systems and being two orders of magnitude larger than the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity. The observation not only sets a new paradigm for exploration of large anomalous Hall effect, but also provides potential applications in spintronic devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Hall effect

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Stacking of charge-density waves in 2H-NbSe2 bilayers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cossu, Fabrizio Nafday, Dhani Palotás, Krisztian Biderang, Mehdi Kim, Heung-Sik Akbari, Alireza Di Marco, Igor Department of Physics Institute of Quantum Convergence and Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics – Gyeongbuk Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Department of Physics School of Natural and Computing Sciences University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 3UE United Kingdom School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering Sciences KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center StockholmSE-10691 Sweden Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics HUN-REN Wigner Research Center for Physics BudapestH-1525 Hungary HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group University of Szeged SzegedH-6720 Hungary Department of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Huairou District Beijing101408 China Institut für Theoretische Physik III Ruhr-Universität Bochum BochumD-44801 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Box 516 UppsalaSE-75120 Sweden Institute of Physics Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń87-100 Poland

We employ ab-initio electronic structure calculations to investigate the charge-density waves and periodic lattice distortions in bilayer 2H-NbSe2. We demonstrate that the vertical stacking can give rise to a variety of patterns that may lower the symmetry of the charge-density waves exhibited separately by the two composing 1H-NbSe2 monolayers. The general tendency to a spontaneous symmetry breaking observed in the ground state and the first excited states is shown to originate from a non-negligible inter-layer coupling. Simulated images for scanning tunnelling microscopy as well as geometric structure factors show signatures of the different stacking orders. This may not only be useful to reinterpret past experiments on surfaces and thin films, but may also be exploited to devise ad-hoc experiments for the investigation of the stacking order in 2H-NbSe2. We anticipate that our analysis does not only apply to the 2H-NbSe2, but is also relevant for thin films and bulk, whose smallest centro-symmetric component is indeed the bilayer. Finally, our results illustrate clearly that the vertical stacking is not only important for 1T structures, as exemplified by the metal-to-insulator transition observed in 1T-TaS2, but seems to be a general feature of metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides as well. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black holes and superradiant stability

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zou, Yi-Feng Xu, Jun-Huai Mai, Zhan-Feng Huang, Jia-Hui Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of quantum matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Technology South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Center for Joint Quantum Studies Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Yaguan Road 135 Jinnan District Tianjin300350 China

Black holes immersed in magnetic fields are believed to be important systems in astrophysics. One interesting topic on these systems is their superradiant stability property. In the present paper, we analytically obtain the superradiantly stable regime for the asymptotically flat dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black holes with charged massive scalar perturbation. The effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation in the dyonic black hole background is obtained and analyzed. It is found that the dyonic black hole is superradiantly stable in the regime 0 -/r+ ± are the event horizons of the dyonic black hole. Compared with the purely electrically charged Reissner-Nordstrom black hole case, our result indicates that the additional coupling of the charged scalar perturbation with the magnetic field makes the black hole and scalar perturbation system more superradiantly unstable, which provides further evidence on the instability induced by magnetic field in black hole superradiance process. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Simulating noisy quantum circuits with matrix product density operators

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Physical Review Research 2021年第2期3卷 023005-023005页

作者： Song Cheng Chenfeng Cao Chao Zhang Yongxiang Liu Shi-Yao Hou Pengxiang Xu Bei Zeng Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications Beijing 100407 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Center for Computational Sciences Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China

Simulating quantum circuits with classical computers requires resources growing exponentially in terms of system size. Real quantum computer with noise, however, may be simulated polynomially with various methods considering different noise models. In this work, we simulate random quantum circuits in one dimension with matrix product density operators (MPDOs), for different noise models such as dephasing, depolarizing, and amplitude damping. We show that the method based on matrix product states (MPSs) fails to approximate the noisy output quantum states for any of the noise models considered, while the MPDO method approximates them well. Compared with the method of matrix product operators (MPOs), the MPDO method reflects a clear physical picture of noise (with inner indices taking care of the noise simulation) and quantum entanglement (with bond indices taking care of two-qubit gate simulation). Consequently, in case of weak system noise, the resource cost of the MPDO will be significantly less than that of the MPO due to a relatively small inner dimension needed for the simulation. In case of strong system noise, a relatively small bond dimension may be sufficient to simulate the noisy circuits, indicating a regime that the noise is large enough for an “easy” classical simulation, which is further supported by a comparison with the experimental results on an IBM cloud device. Moreover, we propose a more effective tensor updates scheme with optimal truncations for both the inner and the bond dimensions, performed after each layer of the circuit, which enjoys a canonical form of the MPDO for improving simulation accuracy. With truncated inner dimension to a maximum value κ and bond dimension to a maximum value χ, the cost of our simulation scales as ∼NDκ3χ3, for an N-qubit circuit with depth D.

关键词： Open quantum systems quantum information processing quantum simulation Density matrix methods Matrix product states Tensor network methods

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Solving Constrained Optimization Problems Using Hybrid Qubit-Qumode quantum Devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dutta, Rishab Allen, Brandon Vu, Nam P. Xu, Chuzhi Liu, Kun Miao, Fei Wang, Bing Surana, Amit Wang, Chen Ding, Yongshan Batista, Victor S. Department of Chemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Chemistry Lafayette College EastonPA18042 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lafayette College EastonPA18042 United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States School of Computing University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States RTX Technology Research Center East HartfordCT06118 United States Department of Physics University of Massachusetts-Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States

Optimization challenges span a wide array of fields, from logistics and scheduling to finance, materials science, and drug discovery. Among these, Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are especially significant due to their computational complexity and their potential as a key application for quantum computing. In this work, we introduce an approach for solving QUBO problems using hybrid qubit-qumode bosonic quantum computers—devices that manipulate and measure the quantum states of light within microwave cavity resonators. We map problems with soft and hard constraints onto the Hamiltonian of a hybrid quantum system, consisting of a single qubit coupled to multiple qumodes. The optimal solution is encoded in the ground state of the system, which is revealed by photon-number measurements. Trial states are prepared through universal qubit-qumode circuits, employing echoed conditional displacement (ECD) gates in combination with qubit rotations. Our approach demonstrates the immense potential of hybrid quantum systems, showcasing their ability to efficiently tackle complex optimization problems in both academia and industry. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground state

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Spin Excitation Continuum in the Exactly Solvable Triangular-Lattice Spin Liquid CeMgAl11O19

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gao, Bin Chen, Tong Liu, Chunxiao Klemm, Mason L. Zhang, Shu Ma, Zhen Xu, Xianghan Won, Choongjae McCandless, Gregory T. Murai, Naoki Ohira-Kawamura, Seiko Moxim, Stephen J. Ryan, Jason T. Huang, Xiaozhou Wang, Xiaoping Chan, Julia Y. Cheong, Sang-Wook Tchernyshyov, Oleg Balents, Leon Dai, Pengcheng Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Institute for Quantum Matter Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA United States Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik komplexer Systeme Dresden Germany Hubei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei Normal University Huangshi China Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials Department of Physics & Astronomy Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ United States Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Laboratory for Pohang Emergent Materials Max Planck POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University WacoTX United States J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ibaraki Tokai Japan Alternative Computing Group National Institute of Standards of Technology GaithersburgMD United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University HoustonTX United States

In magnetically ordered insulators, elementary quasiparticles manifest as spin waves - collective motions of localized magnetic moments propagating through the lattice - observed via inelastic neutron scattering. In effective spin-1/2 systems where geometric frustrations suppress static magnetic order, spin excitation continua can emerge, either from degenerate classical spin ground states or from entangled quantum spins characterized by emergent gauge fields and deconfined fractionalized excitations. Comparing the spin Hamiltonian with theoretical models can unveil the microscopic origins of these zero-field spin excitation continua. Here, we use neutron scattering to study spin excitations of the two-dimensional (2D) triangular-lattice effective spin-1/2 antiferromagnet CeMgAl11O19. Analyzing the spin waves in the field-polarized ferromagnetic state, we find that the spin Hamiltonian is close to an exactly solvable 2D triangular-lattice XXZ model, where degenerate 120◦ ordered ground states - umbrella states - develop in the zero temperature limit. We then find that the observed zero-field spin excitation continuum matches the calculated ensemble of spin waves from the umbrella state manifold, and thus conclude that CeMgAl11O19 is the first example of an exactly solvable spin liquid on a triangular lattice where the spin excitation continuum arises from the ground state degeneracy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Spin waves

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Quantifying quantum Entanglement in Two-Qubit Mixed State from Connected Correlator

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Guo, Xingyu Ma, Chen-Te Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongsangbuk-do Pohang37673 Korea Republic of School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China The Laboratory for Quantum Gravity and Strings Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Cape Town Private Bag Rondebosch7700 South Africa

Our study employs a connected correlation matrix to quantify quantum Entanglement. The matrix encompasses all necessary measures for assessing the degree of entanglement between particles. We begin with a three-qubit state and involve obtaining a mixed state by performing partial tracing over one qubit. Our goal is to exclude the non-connected sector by focusing on the connected correlation. This suggests that the connected correlation is deemed crucial for capturing relevant entanglement degrees. The study classifies mixed states and observes that separable states exhibit the lowest correlation within each class. We demonstrate that the entanglement measure monotonically increases concerning the correlation measure. This implies that connected correlation serves as an effective measure of quantum Entanglement. Finally, our proposal suggests that interpreting quantum Entanglement from a local perspective is possible. The observable is described as a vector with locality but violates freedom of choice. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum entanglement

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Roadmap on Atomic-scale Semiconductor Devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Schofield, Steven R. Fisher, Andrew J. Ginossar, Eran Lyding, Joseph W. Silver, Richard Fei, Fan Namboodiri, Pradeep Wyrick, Jonathan Masteghin, M.G. Cox, D.C. Murdin, B.N. Clowes, S.K. Keizer, Joris G. Simmons, Michelle Y. Stemp, Holly G. Morello, Andrea Voisin, Benoit Rogge, Sven Wolkow, Robert A. Livadaru, Lucian Pitters, Jason Stock, Taylor J.Z. Curson, Neil J. Butera, Robert E. Pavlova, Tatiana V. Jakob, A.M. Spemann, D. Räcke, P. Schmidt-Kaler, F. Jamieson, D.N. Pratiush, Utkarsh Duscher, Gerd Kalinin, Sergei V. Kazazis, Dimitrios Constantinou, Procopios Aeppli, Gabriel Ekinci, Yasin Owen, James H.G. Fowler, Emma Moheimani, S.O. Reza Randall, John N. Misra, Shashank Ivie, Jeffrey Allemang, Christopher R. Anderson, Evan M. Bussmann, Ezra Campbell, Quinn Gao, Xujiao Lu, Tzu-Ming Schmucker, Scott W. London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London 17-19 Gordon St WC1H 0AH United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Physics University of Surrey United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Atom Scale Device Group National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Advanced Technology Institute University of Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom School of Physics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications UNSW Sydney Australia Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd Sydney Australia Australia University of Alberta Department of Physics EdmontonT6G 2E1 Canada National Research Council of Canada Quantum and Nanotechnologies Research Centre 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW EdmontonT6G 2M9 Canada Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom Laboratory for Physical Sciences University of Maryland College ParkMD20740 United States Prokhorov General Physics Institute The Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov str. 38 Moscow119991 Russia School of Physics The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Leipzig04318 Germany Universität Leipzig Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics Applied Quantum Systems Leipzig04103 Germany QUANTUM Institut für Physik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz55128 Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen5232 Switzerland Zürich8093 Switzerland Zyvex Labs 1301 N. Plano Road RichardsonTX75081 United States University of Texas DallasTX United States Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE AlbuquerqueNM87185 United States

Spin states in semiconductors provide exceptionally stable and noise-resistant environments for qubits, positioning them as optimal candidates for reliable quantum computing technologies. The proposal to use nuclear and electronic spins of donor atoms in silicon, introduced by Kane in 1998, sparked a new research field focused on the precise positioning of individual impurity atoms for quantum devices, utilising scanning tunnelling microscopy and ion implantation. This roadmap article reviews the advancements in the 25 years since Kane’s proposal, the current challenges, and the future directions in atomic-scale semiconductor device fabrication and measurement. It covers the quest to create a silicon-based quantum computer and expands to include diverse material systems and fabrication techniques, highlighting the potential for a broad range of semiconductor quantum technological applications. Key developments include phosphorus in silicon devices such as single-atom transistors, arrayed few-donor devices, one- and two-qubit gates, three-dimensional architectures, and the development of a toolbox for future quantum integrated circuits. The roadmap also explores new impurity species like arsenic and antimony for enhanced scalability and higher-dimensional spin systems, new chemistry for dopant precursors and lithographic resists, and the potential for germanium-based devices. Emerging methods, such as photon-based lithography and electron beam manipulation, are discussed for their disruptive potential. This roadmap charts the path toward scalable quantum computing and advanced semiconductor quantum technologies, emphasising the critical intersections of experiment, technological development, and theory. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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