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arXiv 2021年

作者： Asfaw, Abraham Blais, Alexandre Brown, Kenneth R. Candelaria, Jonathan Cantwell, Christopher Carr, Lincoln D. Combes, Joshua Debroy, Dripto M. Donohue, John M. Economou, Sophia E. Edwards, Emily Fox, Michael F.J. Girvin, Steven M. Ho, Alan Hurst, Hilary M. Jacob, Zubin Johnson, Blake R. Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel Joynt, Robert Kapit, Eliot Klein-Seetharaman, Judith Laforest, Martin Lewandowski, H.J. Lynn, Theresa W. McRae, Corey Rae H. Merzbacher, Celia Michalakis, Spyridon Narang, Prineha Oliver, William D. Palsberg, Jens Pappas, David P. Raymer, Michael G. Reilly, David J. Saffman, Mark Searles, Thomas A. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Singh, Chandralekha IBM Quantum IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY United States Institut Quantique Département de Physique Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1 Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada The Duke Quantum Center Department of Physics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States SystemX Program Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States The Quantum Engineering Program Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States The Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States The Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada The Department of Physics Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA24061 United States The IQUIST University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States JILA National Institute of Standards and Technology The University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States The Department of Physics Imperial College London Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom The Yale Quantum Institute Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Google Research VeniceCA90291 United States The Department of Physics & Astronomy San José State University San JoséCA95192 United States The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University Indiana West Lafayatte47907 United States The Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States The Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison 1150 University Avenue MadisonWI53706 United States The Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering

The rapidly growing quantum information science and engineering (QISE) industry will require both quantum-aware and quantum-proficient engineers at the bachelor's level. We provide a roadmap for building a quantum engineering education program to satisfy this need. For quantum-aware engineers, we describe how to design a first quantum engineering course accessible to all STEM students. For the education and training of quantum-proficient engineers, we detail both a quantum engineering minor accessible to all STEM majors, and a quantum track directly integrated into individual engineering majors. We propose that such programs typically require only three or four newly developed courses that complement existing engineering and science classes available on most larger campuses. We describe a conceptual quantum information science course for implementation at any post-secondary institution, including community colleges and military schools. QISE presents extraordinary opportunities to work towards rectifying issues of inclusivity and equity that continue to be pervasive within engineering. We present a plan to do so and describe how quantum engineering education presents an excellent set of education research opportunities. Finally, we outline a hands-on training plan on quantum hardware, a key component of any quantum engineering program, with a variety of technologies including optics, atoms and ions, cryogenic and solid-state technologies, nanofabrication, and control and readout electronics. Our recommendations provide a flexible framework that can be tailored for academic institutions ranging from teaching and undergraduate-focused two- and four-year colleges to research-intensive universities. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： engineering education

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Interfacial spin Hall effect and spin swapping in Fe-Au bilayers from first principles

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Physical Review B 2019年第13期99卷 134427-134427页

作者： Song Li Ka Shen Ke Xia School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518005 China

The interfaces in hybridized structures usually give rise to rich phenomena, which open the way to novel devices with extraordinary performance. Here, we investigate the interface-related spin transport properties in Fe−Au bilayers based on first-principles calculations. We find that the spin Hall current in the Au side near the interface flows in the opposite direction to the bulk spin Hall current with the magnitude sensitive to the magnetization direction of Fe. This interfacial contribution is attributed to the spin-dependent transmission within a few atomic layers, where a strong interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling exists. Surprisingly, the interfacial spin Hall currents are found to be not confined at the interface but extend tens of nanometers. This length scale is found to be much shorter than the spin diffusion length and determined by momentum relaxation, instead of spin relaxation. The resistivity dependence of the bulk spin Hall angle implies the coexistence of different spin Hall mechanisms. In addition, the interfacial swapping spin currents, as a consequence of the spin precession under the interfacial Rashba field, are also obtained from our calculation and complete the full spin transport picture with all nonvanishing components. Our results suggest the importance of the interface engineering in spin-related transport in ferromagnetic-nonmagnetic heterostructures and the possibility of manipulating the interfacial transport by the magnetization orientation of the magnetic layer.

关键词： First-principles calculations Spin current Spin-orbit coupling Spintronics Surface & interfacial phenomena

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Experimental Implementation of Efficient quantum Pseudorandomness on a 12-Spin System

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第3期123卷 030502-030502页

作者： Jun Li Zhihuang Luo Tao Xin Hengyan Wang David Kribs Dawei Lu Bei Zeng Raymond Laflamme Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1 Ontario Canada Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055 China Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus) Zhuhai 519082 China Department of Physics Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou 310023 China Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Ontario Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo N2L 2Y5 Ontario Canada

quantum pseudorandomness, also known as unitary designs, comprises a powerful resource for emergent quantum technologies. Although in theory pseudorandom unitary operators can be constructed efficiently, realizing these objects in realistic physical systems is a challenging task. Here, we demonstrate experimental generation and detection of quantum pseudorandomness on a 12-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We first apply random sequences to the interacting nuclear spins, leading to random quantum evolutions that can quickly form unitary designs. Then, in order to probe the growth of quantum pseudorandomness during the time evolutions, we propose the idea of using the system’s multiple-quantum coherence distribution as an indicator. Based on this indicator, we measure the spreading of quantum coherences and find that substantial quantum pseudorandomness has been achieved at the 12-qubit scale. This may open up a path to experimentally explore quantum randomness on forthcoming large-scale quantum processors.

关键词： Nuclear & electron resonance quantum control quantum gates quantum simulation

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Coherent H ∞ control for Markovian jump linear quantum systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 269-274页

作者： Yanan Liu Daoyi Dong Ian R. Petersen Qing Gao Steven X. Ding Hidehiro Yonezawa School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Center for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Australian Research Council Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Institute for Automatic Control and Complex Systems (AKS) University of Duisburg-Essen. 47057 Duisburg Germany Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beijing and also with Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

The purpose of this paper is to design a coherent feedback controller for a Markovian jump linear quantum system suffering from a fault signal. The control objective is to bound the effect of the disturbance input on the output for the time-varying quantum system. We prove the relation between the H ∞ control problem, the dissipation properties, and the solutions of Riccati differential equations, by which the H ∞ controller of the Markovian jump linear quantum system is given by the solutions of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs).

关键词： Coherent quantum feedback H∞ control fault-tolerant control Markovian jump linear quantum systems

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Noncollinearity-modulated Electronic Properties of Monolayer CrI3

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Physical Review Applied 2019年第5期11卷 054042-054042页

作者： Lingling Ren Qian Liu Pengxiang Xu Zhicheng Zhong Li Yang Zhe Yuan Ke Xia Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518005 China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China

Introducing noncollinear magnetization into a monolayer CrI3 is proposed to be an effective approach to modulate the local electronic properties of the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic material. Using first-principles calculation, we illustrate that both the conduction and valence bands in the monolayer CrI3 are lowered down by spin spiral states. The distinct electronic structure of the monolayer noncollinear CrI3 can be applied in nanoscale functional devices. As a proof of concept, we show that a magnetic domain wall can form a one-dimensional conducting channel in the 2D semiconductor via proper gating. This conducting channel is approximately 7 nm wide and has a carrier concentration of 1013–1014cm−2.

关键词： Domain walls Helicoidal magnetic texture Magnetic anisotropy Spin waves 2-dimensional systems Devices Magnetic semiconductors Nanowires

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Landau-Zener-Stückelberg Interferometry in PT -symmetric Non-Hermitian models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Shen, Xin Wang, Fudong Li, Zhi Wu, Zhigang Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials GPETR Center for Quantum Precision Measurement and SPTE South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China

We systematically investigate the non-Hermitian generalisations of the Landau-Zener (LZ) transition and the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg (LZS) interferometry. The LZ transition probabilities, or band populations, are calculated for a generic non-Hermitian model and their asymptotic behaviour analysed. We then focus on non-Hermitian systems with a real adiabatic parameter and study the LZS interferometry formed out of two identical avoided level crossings. Four distinctive cases of interferometry are identified and the analytic formulae for the transition probabilities are calculated for each case. The differences and similarities between the non-Hermitian case and its Hermitian counterpart are emphasised. In particular, the geometrical phase originated from the sign change of the mass term at the two level crossings is still present in the non-Hermitian system, indicating its robustness against the non-Hermiticity. We further apply our non-Hermitian LZS theory to describing the Bloch oscillation in one-dimensional parity-time (PT ) reversal symmetric non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and propose an experimental scheme to simulate such dynamics using photonic waveguide arrays. The Landau-Zener transition, as well as the LZS interferometry, can be visualised through the beam intensity profile and the transition probabilitiess measured by the centre of mass of the profile. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interferometry

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Experimental demonstration of a digital quantum simulation of a general PT-symmetric system

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Physical Review A 2019年第6期99卷 062122-062122页

作者： Jingwei Wen Chao Zheng Xiangyu Kong Shijie Wei Tao Xin Guilu Long State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics College of Science North China University of Technology Beijing 100144 China IBM Research Beijing 100094 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Center for Quantum Computing Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100084 China

PT-symmetric systems are one of the most interesting research fields in modern quantum physics, where various theoretical and experimental progress has been made. In our work, we experimentally demonstrate how to realize a general PT-symmetric two-level operation in a quantum computation frame with a universal circuit model. It is based on enlarging the system with ancillary qubits and encoding the subsystem with the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with postselection. Furthermore, we use the general formula to demonstrate one particular interesting issue, entanglement restoration induced by local PT-symmetric operation in our four-qubit liquid nuclear magnetic resonance platform, and a theoretical explanation for the physical characteristics has been proposed. We also extend the protocol to the realization of an arbitrary two-level Hamiltonian evolution without a Hermitian restriction by an appropriate modification of the original quantum circuit. Our work lays the foundation for quantum simulation of the general PT-symmetric problem in realistic quantum simulators, and the scheme can be extended to other quantum computation platforms.

关键词： quantum algorithms quantum entanglement quantum simulation

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Gapped domain walls between 2+1D topologically ordered states

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Lan, Tian Wen, Xueda Kong, Liang Wen, Xiao-Gang Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

The 2+1D topological order can be characterized by the mapping-class-group representations for Riemann surfaces of genus-1, genus-2, etc. In this paper, we use those representations to determine the possible gapped boundaries of a 2+1D topological order, as well as the domain walls between two topological orders. We find that mapping-class-group representations for both genus-1 and genus-2 surfaces are needed to determine the gapped domain walls and boundaries. Our systematic theory is based on the fixed-point partition functions for the walls (or the boundaries), which completely characterize the gapped domain walls (or the boundaries). The mapping-class-group representations give rise to conditions that must be satisfied by the fixed-point partition functions, which leads to a systematic theory. Such conditions can be viewed as bulk topological order determining the (non-invertible) gravitational anomaly at the domain wall, and our theory can be viewed as finding all types of the gapped domain wall given a (non-invertible) gravitational anomaly. We also developed a systematic theory of gapped domain walls (boundaries) based on the structure coefficients of condensable algebras. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Domain walls

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Calibration strategy of the PROSPECT-II detector with external and intrinsic sources

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Andriamirado, M. Balantekin, A.B. Bass, C.D. Bergeron, D.E. Bernard, E.P. Bowden, N.S. Bryan, C.D. Carr, R. Classen, T. Conant, A.J. Delgado, A. Diwan, M.V. Dolinski, M.J. Erickson, A. Foust, B.T. Gaison, J.K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilbert, C.E. Gokhale, S. Grant, C. Hans, S. Hansell, A.B. Heeger, K.M. Heffron, B. Jaffe, D.E. Jayakumar, S. Ji, X. Jones, D.C. Koblanski, J. Kunkle, P. Lane, C.E. Langford, T.J. LaRosa, J. Littlejohn, B.R. Lu, X. Maricic, J. Mendenhall, M.P. Meyer, A.M. Milincic, R. Mueller, P.E. Mumm, H.P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J.A. Nour, S. Palomino, J.L. Pushin, D.A. Qian, X. Roca, C. Rosero, R. Searles, M. Surukuchi, P.T. Sutanto, F. Tyra, M.A. Venegas-Vargas, D. Weatherly, P.B. Wilhelmi, J. Woolverton, A. Yeh, M. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Bronx Community College BronxNY United States Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Department of Physics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii HonoluluHI United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Physics Le Moyne College SyracuseNY United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Physics Susquehanna University SelinsgrovePA United States Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Department of Physics United States Naval Academy AnnapolisMD United States Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Department of Physics University of Wisconsin MadisonWI United States Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States

This paper presents an energy calibration scheme for an upgraded reactor antineutrino detector for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). The PROSPECT collaboration is preparing an upgraded detector, PROSPECT-II (P-II), to advance capabilities for the investigation of fundamental neutrino physics, fission processes and associated reactor neutrino flux, and nuclear security applications. P-II will expand the statistical power of the original PROSPECT (P-I) dataset by at least an order of magnitude. The new design builds upon previous P-I design and focuses on improving the detector robustness and long-term stability to enable multi-year operation at one or more sites. The new design optimizes the fiducial volume by elimination of dead space previously occupied by internal calibration channels, which in turn necessitates the external deployment. In this paper, we describe a calibration strategy for P-II. The expected performance of externally deployed calibration sources is evaluated using P-I data and a well-benchmarked simulation package by varying detector segmentation configurations in the analysis. The proposed external calibration scheme delivers a compatible energy scale model and achieves comparable performance with the inclusion of an additional AmBe neutron source, in comparison to the previous internal arrangement. Most importantly, the estimated uncertainty contribution from the external energy scale calibration model meets the precision requirements of the P-II experiment. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Repeated radiation damage and thermal annealing of avalanche photodiodes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： DSouza, Ian Bourgoin, Jean-Philippe Higgins, Brendon L. Lim, Jin Gyu Tannous, Ramy Agne, Sascha Moffat, Brian Makarov, Vadim Jennewein, Thomas Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are well-suited for single-photon detection on quantum communication satellites as they are a mature technology with high detection efficiency without requiring cryogenic cooling. They are, however, prone to significantly increased thermal noise caused by in-orbit radiation damage. Previous work demonstrated that a one-time application of thermal annealing reduces radiation-damage-induced APD thermal noise. Here we examine the effect of cyclical proton irradiation and thermal annealing. We use an accelerated testing environment which emulates a realistic two-year operating profile of a satellite in low-Earth-orbit. We show that repeated thermal annealing is effective at maintaining thermal noise of silicon APDs within a range suitable for quantum key distribution throughout the nominal mission life, and beyond. We examine two strategies—annealing at a fixed period of time, and annealing only when the thermal noise exceeds a pre-defined limit. We find both strategies exhibit similar thermal noise at end-of-life, with a slight overall advantage to annealing conditionally. We also observe that afterpulsing probability of the detector increases with cumulative proton irradiation. This knowledge helps guide design and tasking decisions for future space-borne quantum communication applications. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle beams

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