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Gradient-based closed-loop quantum optimal control in a solid-state two-qubit system

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Physical Review A 2018年第5期98卷 052341-052341页

作者： Guanru Feng Franklin H. Cho Hemant Katiyar Jun Li Dawei Lu Jonathan Baugh Raymond Laflamme Institute for Quantum Computing Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo Ontario Canada N2J 2W9 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8

quantum optimal control can play a crucial role in realizing a set of universal quantum logic gates with error rates below the threshold required for fault tolerance. Open-loop quantum optimal control relies on accurate modeling of the quantum system under control and does not scale efficiently with system size. These problems can be avoided in closed-loop quantum optimal control, which utilizes feedback from the system to improve control fidelity. In this paper, two gradient-based closed-loop quantum optimal control algorithms, the hybrid quantum-classical approach (HQCA) described by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 150503 (2017)] and the finite-difference (FD) method, are experimentally investigated and compared to the open-loop quantum optimal control utilizing the gradient ascent method. We employ a solid-state ensemble of coupled electron-nuclear spins serving as a two-qubit system. Specific single-qubit and two-qubit state preparation gates are optimized using the closed-loop and open-loop methods. The experimental results demonstrate the implemented closed-loop quantum control outperforms the open-loop control in our system. Furthermore, simulations reveal that HQCA is more robust than the FD method to gradient noise which originates from measurement noise in this experimental setting. On the other hand, the FD method is more robust to control field distortions coming from nonideal hardware.

关键词： quantum control quantum gates

Comment on "Inherent security of phase coding quantum key distribution systems against detector blinding attacks" [Laser Phys. Lett. 15, 095203 (2018)]

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fedorov, Aleksey Gerhardt, Ilja Huang, Anqi Jogenfors, Jonathan Kurochkin, Yury Lamas-Linares, Antía Larsson, Jan-Åke Leuchs, Gerd Lydersen, Lars Makarov, Vadim Skaar, Johannes Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia QRate Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia QApp Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia Institute of Physics University of Stuttgart Institute for Quantum Science and Technology Pfaffenwaldring 57 StuttgartD-70569 Germany Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstraße 1 StuttgartD-70569 Germany Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light University of Erlangen-Nürnberg ErlangenD-91058 Germany Kringsjåvegen 3E TrondheimNO-7032 Norway National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow119049 Russia Department of Technology Systems University of Oslo Box 70 KjellerNO-2027 Norway

Energy-Resolved Neutron Imaging using a Delay Line Current-Biased Kinetic-Inductance Detector

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1590卷

作者： Hiroaki Shishido Kazuma Nishimura The Dang Vu Kenji M. Kojima Tomio Koyama Kenichi Oikawa Masahide Harada Shigeyuki Miyajima Mutsuo Hidaka Takayuki Oku Kazuhiko Soyama Kazuya Aizawa Soh Y. Suzuki Takekazu Ishida Department of Physics and Electronics Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan NanoSquare Research Institute Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8570 Japan Materials and Life Science Division J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Center for Molecular and Materials Science TRIUMF and Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 and V6T 1Z4 Canada Division of Quantum and Radiation Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8570 Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 588-2 Iwaoka Nishi-ku Kobe Hyogo 651-2492 Japan Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan Computing Research Center Applied Research Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan

We demonstrate the development of an energy resolved neutron transmission imaging system via a solid-state superconducting detector, called current-biased kinetic-inductance detector (CB-KID). CB-KIDs comprise X and Y superconducting Nb meanderlines with Nb ground plane and a 10B conversion layer, which converts a neutron to two charged particles. High-energy charged particles are able to create quasi-particle hot spots simultaneously in the X and Y meander lines, and thus, the local Cooper pair density in meander lines is reduced temporary. When DC-bias currents are fed into the meander lines, double pairs of voltage pulses are generated at the hot spots and propagate toward both ends of the meander lines as electromagnetic waves. The position of the original hot spot is determined by a difference in arrival times of the two pulses at the two ends for X and Y meander lines, independently. This is so-called the delay-line method, and allows us to reconstruct the two-dimensional neutron transmission image of a test sample with four signal readout lines. We examined the capability of high spatial and energy (wavelength) resolved neutron transmission imaging over the sensor active area of 15 ×15 mm2 for various samples, including biological and metal ones. We also demonstrated the capability for the Bragg edge transmission and an energy-resolved neutron image in which stainless-steel specimens were discriminating from other specimens.

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Note on arXiv:2005.05301: ‘Preparation of the Neutrino-4 experiment on search for sterile neutrino and the obtained results of measurements’

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Andriamirado, M. Balantekin, A.B. Band, H.R. Bass, C.D. Bergeron, D.E. Berish, D. Bowden, N.S. Brodsky, J.P. Bryan, C.D. Classen, T. Conant, A.J. Deichert, G. Diwan, M.V. Dolinski, M.J. Erickson, A. Foust, B.T. Gaison, J.K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilbert, C.E. Hackett, B.T. Hans, S. Hansell, A.B. Heeger, K.M. Jaffe, D.E. Ji, X. Jones, D.C. Kyzylova, O. Lane, C.E. Langford, T.J. LaRosa, J. Littlejohn, B.R. Lu, X. Maricic, J. Mendenhall, M.P. Meyer, A.M. Milincic, R. Mitchell, I. Mueller, P.E. Mumm, H.P. Napolitano, J. Nave, C. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J.A. Norcini, D. Nour, S. Palomino-Gallo, J.L. Pushin, D.A. Qian, X. Romero-Romero, E. Rosero, R. Surukuchi, P.T. Tyra, M.A. Varner, R.L. Venegas-Vargas, D. Weatherly, P.B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Woolverton, A. Yeh, M. Zhang, A. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Almazán, H. Bonhomme, A. Buck, C. del Amo Sanchez, P. El Atmani, I. Labit, L. Lamblin, J. Letourneau, A. Lhuillier, D. Licciardi, M. Materna, T. Pessard, H. Réal, J.-S. Roca, C. Rogly, R. Savu, V. Schoppmann, S. Soldner, T. Stutz, A. Vialat, M. Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Department of Physics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Hawaii HonoluluHI United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Physics Le Moyne College SyracuseNY United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1 Heidelberg69117 Germany IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Univ. Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 LAPP Annecy74000 France Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP LPSC-IN2P3 Grenoble38000 France Institut Laue-Langevin CS 20156 Grenoble Cedex 938042 France Hassan II University Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock BP 5366 Maarif Casablanca20100 Morocco

We comment on the claimed observation of sterile neutrino oscillations by the Neutrino-4 collaboration. Such a claim, which requires the existence of a new fundamental particle, demands a level of rigor commensurate with its impact. The burden lies with the Neutrino-4 collaboration to provide the information necessary to prove the validity of their claim to the community. In this note, we describe aspects of both the data and analysis method that might lead to an oscillation signature arising from a null experiment and describe additional information needed from the Neutrino-4 collaboration to support the oscillation claim. Additionally, as opposed to the assertion made by the Neutrino-4 collaboration, we also show that the method of ‘coherent summation’ using the L/E parameter produces similar results to the methods used by the PROSPECT and the STEREO collaborations. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Experimental implementation of efficient quantum pseudorandomness on a 12-spin system

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Li, Jun Luo, Zhihuang Xin, Tao Wang, Hengyan Kribs, David Lu, Dawei Zeng, Bei Laflamme, Raymond Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Department of Physics Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou310023 China Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Guelph GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada

quantum pseudorandomness, also known as unitary designs, comprise a powerful resource for quantum computation and quantum engineering. While it is known in theory that pseudorandom unitary operators can be constructed efficiently, realizing these objects in realistic physical systems can be a challenging task. In this work, we study quantum pseudorandomness generation on a 12-spin nuclear magnetic resonance system. The experimental process is based on the recently proposed design Hamiltonian approach, which has the merit of being significantly more efficient than previous protocols. By applying random refocusing sequences to the experimental system we create a design Hamiltonian the dynamics of which quickly forms unitary designs. We then use multiple-quantum techniques to measure spreading of quantum coherences over system's degrees of freedom, and so to probe the growth of quantum pseudorandomness. The measured multiple-quantum coherence spectra indicate that substantial quantum pseudorandomness have been achieved. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Random processes

A low mass optical grid for the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino detector

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, A.B. Band, H.R. Bass, C.D. Bergeron, D.E. Berish, D. Bowden, N.S. Brodsky, J.P. Bryan, C.D. Cherwinka, J.J. Classen, T. Conant, A.J. Davee, D. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Detweiler, A.E. Diwan, M.V. Dolinski, M.J. Erickson, A. Febbraro, M. Foust, B.T. Gaison, J.K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gebre, Y. Gilbert, C.E. Gilje, K.E. Gustafson, I.F. Hackett, B.T. Hans, S. Hansell, A.B. Heeger, K.M. Hermanek, K.H. Insler, J. Jaffe, D.E. Jones, D.C. Kyzylova, O. Lane, C.E. Langford, T.J. LaRosa, J. Littlejohn, B.R. Lu, X. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Matta, J.T. McKeown, R.D. Mendenhall, M.P. Minock, J.M. Mueller, P.E. Mumm, H.P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J.A. Norcini, D. Nour, S. Pushin, D.A. Qian, X. Romero-Romero, E. Rosero, R. Sarenac, D. Surukuchi, P.T. Tyra, M.A. Varner, R.L. Viren, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Wise, T. Yeh, M. Yen, Y.-R. Zhang, A. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Department of Physics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Physics Le Moyne College SyracuseNY United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Physical Sciences Laboratory University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Physics College of William and Mary WilliamsburgVA United States Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Bronx Community College BronxNY United States Yale Center for Research Computing Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and SPECTrum experiment, is a short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiment designed to provide precision measurements of the 235U product νe spectrum, utilizing an optically segmented 4-ton liquid scintillator detector. PROSPECT’s segmentation system, the optical grid, plays a central role in reconstructing the position and energy of νe interactions in the detector. This paper is the technical reference for this PROSPECT subsystem, describing its design, fabrication, quality assurance, transportation and assembly in detail. In addition, the dimensional, optical and mechanical characterizations of optical grid components and the assembled PROSPECT target are also presented. The technical information and characterizations detailed here will inform geometry-related inputs for PROSPECT physics analysis, and can guide a variety of future particle detection development efforts, such as those using optically reflecting materials or filament-based 3D printing. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D printers

Lithium-loaded liquid scintillator production for the Prospect experiment

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Ashenfelter, J. Balantekin, A.B. Band, H.R. Bass, C.D. Bergeron, D.E. Berish, D. Bignell, L.J. Bowden, N.S. Brodsky, J.P. Bryan, C.D. Camilo Reyes, C. Campos, S. Cherwinka, J.J. Classen, T. Conant, A.J. Davee, D. Dean, D. Deichert, G. Diaz Perez, R. Diwan, M.V. Dolinski, M.J. Erickson, A. Febbraro, M. Foust, B.T. Gaison, J.K. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gilbert, C.E. Hackett, B.T. Hans, S. Hansell, A.B. Hayes, B. Heeger, K.M. Insler, J. Jaffe, D.E. Jones, D.C. Kyzylova, O. Lane, C.E. Langford, T.J. LaRosa, J. Littlejohn, B.R. Lu, X. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Matta, J.T. McKeown, R.D. Mendenhall, M.P. Mueller, P.E. Mumm, H.P. Napolitano, J. Neilson, R. Nikkel, J.A. Norcini, D. Nour, S. Pushin, D.A. Qian, X. Romero-Romero, E. Rosero, R. Sarenac, D. Surukuchi, P.T. Tyra, M.A. Varner, R.L. Viren, B. White, C. Wilhelmi, J. Wise, T. Yeh, M. Yen, Y.-R. Zhang, A. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY United States Department of Physics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA United States Department of Physics Le Moyne College SyracuseNY United States National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD United States High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Physics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Physical Sciences Laboratory University of Wisconsin Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Physics College of William and Mary WilliamsburgVA United States Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Bronx Community College BronxNY United States Yale Center for Research Computing Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

This work reports the production and characterization of lithium-loaded liquid scintillator (LiLS) for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). Fifty-nine 90 liter batches of LiLS (6Li mass fraction 0.082%±0.001%) were produced and samples from all batches were characterized by measuring their optical absorbance relative to air, light yield relative to a pure liquid scintillator reference, and pulse shape discrimination capability. Fifty-seven batches passed the quality assurance criteria and were used for the PROSPECT experiment. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium

Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from U235 Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第25期122卷 251801-251801页

作者： J. Ashenfelter A. B. Balantekin H. R. Band C. D. Bass D. E. Bergeron D. Berish N. S. Bowden J. P. Brodsky C. D. Bryan J. J. Cherwinka T. Classen A. J. Conant A. A. Cox D. Davee D. Dean G. Deichert M. V. Diwan M. J. Dolinski A. Erickson M. Febbraro B. T. Foust J. K. Gaison A. Galindo-Uribarri C. E. Gilbert K. E. Gilje B. T. Hackett S. Hans A. B. Hansell K. M. Heeger J. Insler D. E. Jaffe X. Ji D. C. Jones O. Kyzylova C. E. Lane T. J. Langford J. LaRosa B. R. Littlejohn X. Lu D. A. Martinez Caicedo J. T. Matta R. D. McKeown M. P. Mendenhall J. M. Minock P. E. Mueller H. P. Mumm J. Napolitano R. Neilson J. A. Nikkel D. Norcini S. Nour D. A. Pushin X. Qian E. Romero-Romero R. Rosero D. Sarenac P. T. Surukuchi A. B. Telles M. A. Tyra R. L. Varner B. Viren C. White J. Wilhelmi T. Wise M. Yeh Y.-R. Yen A. Zhang C. Zhang X. Zhang Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Physics Le Moyne College Syracuse New York 13214 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA Department of Physics Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA High Flux Isotope Reactor Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Physical Sciences Laboratory University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 23187 USA Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Department of Physics Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37916 USA Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois 60616 USA

This Letter reports the first measurement of the U235 ν¯e energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9 m from the 85 MWth highly enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678±304(stat) ν¯e-induced inverse beta decays, the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to U235. Despite broad agreement, comparison of the Huber U235 model to the measured spectrum produces a χ2/ndf=51.4/31, driven primarily by deviations in two localized energy regions. The measured U235 spectrum shape is consistent with a deviation relative to prediction equal in size to that observed at low-enriched uranium power reactors in the ν¯e energy region of 5–7 MeV.

关键词： Fission Neutrino interactions Nuclear reactors Neutrinos Neutrino detectors Scintillators

Entanglement-enhanced optical gyroscope

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fink, Matthias Steinlechner, Fabian Handsteiner, Johannes Dowling, Jonathan P. Scheidl, Thomas Ursin, Rupert Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria Vienna Austria Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Jena Germany Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory USTC Shanghai201315 China NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai Shanghai200062 China National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo184-8795 Japan

Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) based on the Sagnac effect are a valuable tool in sensing and navigation and enable accurate measurements in applications ranging from spacecraft[1] and aircraft[2] to self-driving vehicles such as autonomous cars[3]. As with any classical optical sensors, the ultimate performance of these devices is bounded by the standard quantum limit (SQL). quantum-enhanced interferometry allows us to overcome this limit using non-classical states of light. Here, we report on an entangled-photon gyroscope that uses path-entangled NOON-states (N = 2) to provide phase supersensitivity beyond the standard-quantum-limit. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gyroscopes